In this episode of Living Well with MS, Overcoming MS Medical Advisor Dr Jonathan White, who is an Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, welcomes Neurologist, Dr Kate Petheram, and Gynaecologist and Menopause specialist, Dr Siobhan Kirk for a round-table discussion on multiple sclerosis and menopause. Watch this episode on YouTube here. Keep reading for the key episode takeaways. Questions and Timestamps: 00:34 The importance of talking about menopause and MS. 01:33 What is menopause? 04:48 What do we know about the effect of menopause on MS? 07:12 What are the symptoms somebody may experience with menopause, that a gynaecologist can help with? 08:47 What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)? 10:17 Is HRT safe to take with disease-modifying therapies for MS? 12:31 Can blood tests diagnose menopause? 15:02 Is HRT safe for someone who has a family history of breast cancer? 16:33 Does HRT cause people to put on weight? 19:01 Should someone start HRT because they have MS? 21:58 Will supplements or dietary changes help menopause symptoms? 23:14 What about this concept of bioidentical HRT? 24:19 Do you think somebody with MS would benefit from testosterone patches? 26:40 What's the latest research we know about the impact on hormones and menopause treatment, and the outcomes? 28:15 Are hot flushes and heat sensitivity a concern for people with MS? 29:49 What is the Mirena coil and how that may be a part of HRT? 32:23 What are the side effects of progestogen? 32:55 Does early menopause (before 40) affect the rate of progression of someone's MS, either for the better or for worse? 39:26 Topical oestrogen and bladder symptoms Selected Key Takeaways: There is a lot of overlap between MS symptoms and menopause symptoms.6:42 Dr Kate Petheram: “Because of the overlap in symptoms. There are perhaps elements which are so relevant to menopause, which we can perhaps talk about as well in terms of symptoms such as hot flushes and heat intolerance, which again may exacerbate symptoms of MS. So, there may not be a biological difference, but the symptoms of menopause and perimenopause may influence and make worse MS symptoms, which is why I believe it's so important to recognise and point women in the right direction to get the right help." There is no evidence that Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) causes cancer. 15:19 Dr Siobhan Kirk: “There is no evidence that HRT causes breast cancer. But if you're taking extra hormones, and you've got abnormal cells, then the extra hormones can promote the growth of the abnormal cells. There's no increased risk of breast cancer with use of HRT under the age of 50, for earlier menopause, because you're just replacing what the uterus should be producing.” There is a lot of research taking place around the world on different aspects of living with MS including menopause. 34:12 Dr Jonathan White: “It is reassuring [for] someone living with MS to know that there is just a colossal amount of research going on around the world on all sorts of aspects of living with MS. I feel like reproductive health and women's health is getting to that place slowly. There's a really big push, I can see that in the research community and I'm glad to hear that menopause and post-reproductive health is getting it too.” Want to learn more about living a full and happy life with multiple sclerosis? Sign up to our newsletter to hear our latest tips. More info and links: Watch the YouTube video Find out more about Women’s Health Concern Visit The British Menopause Society Read more about menopause and MS here New to Overcoming MS? Visit our introductory page  Connect with others following Overcoming MS on the Live Well Hub Visit the Overcoming MS website Follow us on social media: Facebook Instagram YouTube Pinterest Don’t miss out:  Subscribe to this podcast and never miss an episode. Listen to our archive of Living Well with MS here. If you like Living Well with MS, please leave a 5-star review. Feel free to share your comments and sugg