Mark Martin returns to TWiM for a discussion of the observation that Gram’s stain does not cross the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, and suppression of gingival inflammation and bone loss through host modulation caused by episymbiotic Saccharibacteria.  Links for this episode Gram’s stain does not cross cytoplasmic membrane (ACS Chem Biol) Gram stain protocol (pdf) Chemical  mechanism of Gram’s stain (J Bact) Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria suppress disease (Host Cell Microbe) Microedu listserve TWiM Listener survey