Genesis: The Easy Study Bible Commentary: The Easy Study Bible Commentary Series, #1

By Dr. Trennis E. Killian

Genesis is the book of beginnings in more than one way. The word itself is a Greek word which means 'In the beginning.' It was first used when the Greek translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, was finished somewhere around 247BC.

There are fifty chapters that range from creation to Joseph's death.

The book is, of course, attributed to Moses, as are all the first five books also called the Pentateuch. It is estimated that he wrote it around 1500BC.

Genesis Outline

I. History of Humanity in General (1-11)

A. Creation of the heavens and earth (1-2)

B. Adam and his family (3-5)

1. The Fall of Man (3:1-24)

C. Noah and his family (6-11)

1. The Flood (6-10)

2. The Babel Rebellion (11:1-32)

II. History of Israel in Particular (12-50)

A. Abraham – The father who gave his son (12:1-25-18)

B. Isaac – The son who took a bride (25:19 - 26:35)

C. Joseph – The providence of God (37:1-60:26

Notice that the outline breaks Genesis into two parts. The first part is the history of man before God called Israel into being, and the second part is all about Israel after that.

The reason for that is very clear. After what God had to deal with in the first half, He gave mankind another chance to do it right. He gave them all the things they needed and even told them they were His chosen children.

But as we all know, they blew it!

• Language: English
• Publisher: CCM
• Release date: Sep 27, 2023
• ISBN: 9798223214786

Book preview

Chapter One

Introduction

The opening statement of God’s creation of the heavens and the earth (Genesis 1:1)

The Six Days of Creation

Day 1: Creation of Light and Separation of Day and Night

- God commands, Let there be light, and separates light from darkness (Genesis 1:3-5)

- God names the light day and the darkness night (Genesis 1:5)

Day 2: Creation of the Sky

- God separates the waters above and below, creating an expanse called sky (Genesis 1:6-8)

Day 3: Creation of Land, Seas, and Vegetation

- God gathers the waters together, forming seas, and dry land appears (Genesis 1:9-10)

- God commands the earth to sprout vegetation, plants, and trees (Genesis 1:11-12)

Day 4: Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Stars

- God creates the sun to govern the day, the moon to govern the night, and the stars (Genesis 1:14-19)

Day 5: Creation of Sea Creatures and Birds

- God commands the waters to swarm with living creatures, and birds to fly across the sky (Genesis 1:20-23)

Day 6: Creation of Land Animals and Humans

- God creates land animals, including livestock, wild animals, and creatures that crawl on the ground (Genesis 1:24-25)

- God creates humankind in His own image, male and female, and blesses them (Genesis 1:26-28)

- God gives humans dominion over the earth and instructs them to be fruitful and multiply (Genesis 1:28)

- God sees everything He has made and declares it to be very good (Genesis 1:31)

Genesis Chapter One provides an account of the six days of creation, detailing the formation of light, sky, land, seas, vegetation, celestial bodies, sea creatures, land animals, and ultimately, humankind. The chapter concludes with God’s declaration of His creation being very good.

In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, but the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. Then God said, Let there be light, and there was light. God saw that the light was good, and He separated the light from the darkness. He called the light day and the darkness night. This was the first day.

On the second day, God created the expanse between the waters to separate water from water, calling it sky.

On the third day, God commanded the waters below the sky to gather together in one place and for dry ground to appear. He then caused vegetation, including plants, trees, and fruits, to grow on the newly formed land.

On the fourth day, God created the sun, moon, and stars to govern the day and night and to mark the seasons, days, and years.

On the fifth day, God created sea creatures and birds.

On the sixth day, God created land animals, including livestock, and wild animals. Finally, God created man and woman in His own image, commanding them to be fruitful, multiply, and have dominion over the earth.

God saw everything He had made, and it was very good. The chapter concludes with the seventh day, on which God rested from all His work of creation.

Commentary

The Creation

¹ In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.

Genesis 1:1 is the opening verse of the Bible and sets the stage for the creation account found in the book of Genesis.

This verse holds profound theological significance as it establishes the fundamental belief in monotheism, the belief in one God, who is the creator of all things. It asserts that before anything else existed, God was already present and active. The phrase In the beginning signifies the starting point of time, emphasizing God’s existence outside the created order.

Furthermore, the verse emphasizes God’s creative power and sovereignty over all things. It affirms that God alone is responsible for the creation of the heavens and the earth, denoting His authority and mastery over the universe. This foundational declaration lays the groundwork for understanding God’s role as the ultimate source and sustainer of life.

Genesis 1:1 also presents a clear contrast to alternative creation stories prevalent in ancient Near Eastern cultures, asserting that the universe was not a result of a battle between multiple gods or the product of chance, but rather a deliberate act of divine creation by one supreme God.

Overall, Genesis 1:1 serves as a foundational statement of belief, establishing the existence, power, and creative authority of God. It sets the stage for the unfolding narrative of creation and the subsequent events that follow in the book of Genesis.

God – ‘ĕlôhı̂ym – the true God – it is also plural

The tenses in Hebrew are different from English or even Greek. This tense is called plural intensive, with a singular meaning.

I think it certainly goes along with verse 26, when God says, Let us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness.

beginning – rê‘shı̂yth – beginning; first; chief; choice part

create – bârâ‘ – to create, shape or form

The emphasis here is on the word ‘beginning.’ None of the other ancient religions talk about the beginning because their gods weren’t powerful enough to create all the heavens and the earth.

The ancient people’s view of history was cyclical, with everything repeating itself forever, with no ultimate goal or eternal hope.

But the Bible shows us a linear view of history, with a real beginning and a future consummation and an end to the history of this world that will bring glory to God and blessing to all believers as well as judgment to those who reject God’s grace.

The word translated created is always used to describe God’s divine creative activity, and it’s never used to describe anything a human does.

Who is the subject here? God, of course. It is made clear from the first verse that God is the one doing all that follows. No one else can do what He did.

But the next question is: What did He do? That is also made quite clear. The heavens and the earth. In other words, everything as we know it.

Some divide creation into two parts, the Primary Creation and the Secondary Creation.

Of course, the Primary Creation is considered to be the actual creation at the beginning of Genesis. But Secondary Creation is everything and everyone who has come about since then. That’s you and me too.

All the Hebrew words in this first verse are pretty straightforward and can only mean what we’ve translated them as meaning.

² The earth was formless and empty and darkness was over the deep waters and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.

This verse immediately follows the declaration of God’s creation of the heavens and the earth in verse 1. It presents a scene of the earth before God’s creative work begins to bring order and life to it.

The description of the earth as formless and empty conveys a state of chaos and void. It suggests that at this point, the earth lacked the distinct structure and organization that God would soon bring forth through His creative acts. The mention of darkness and the deep waters further accentuates this sense of disorder and obscurity.

The phrase the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters introduces the presence of the Holy Spirit in the creative process. The image of God’s Spirit moving or hovering over the waters suggests His active involvement and imminent transformative work. It conveys a sense of anticipation and preparation for God’s creative acts that are about to take place.

Genesis 1:2 sets the stage for the subsequent verses in which God begins to bring order and beauty to the formless and empty earth through His creative commands. It highlights the contrast between the initial state of chaos and the purposeful action of God to bring about order and life.

This verse emphasizes the power and authority of God to transform the formless into the formed, the empty into the inhabited. It serves as a reminder that even in the midst of darkness and chaos, God’s Spirit is present and actively working to bring about His divine purposes.

Spirit – rûach – wind, breath, mind, spirit – sometimes called the ‘wind of heaven’

moving – râchaph – to hover

It’s important to note that God didn’t create the earth with people already living on it. The beginning didn’t have all the things that would be necessary to support any form of life, especially human.

The six days of creation involve eight different creative acts, each beginning with the words, And God said. That phrase is repeated nine times in the account of creation.

Each of the days are in a specific order which leads up to the final act of creating man in the image of God.

Verse two finishes describing what the heavens and the earth were like after the first phase of creation. Basically a dark nothing. But here comes the light.

³ Then God said, Let there be light. And there was light.

This verse marks a significant turning point in the creation account as it describes the first act of God’s creative command. The power of God’s spoken word is evident as He declares, Let there be light, and instantaneously, light comes into existence.

The creation of light signifies the introduction of order and distinction within the previously described formless and dark earth. Light serves as a foundational element for all subsequent acts of creation, enabling visibility, life, and growth. It symbolizes God’s presence, revelation, and enlightenment.

The verse also highlights the authority and power of God’s word. His spoken command brings about tangible results, demonstrating His supreme authority over creation. This theme continues throughout the creation narrative as God speaks, and creation responds accordingly.

Moreover, the act of creating light on the first day establishes a rhythmic pattern that follows in the subsequent days of creation. Each day, God speaks specific commands, bringing forth new elements and life forms, illustrating the intentional order and design in His creative process.

Genesis 1:3 underscores the foundational role of light in God’s creative work and sets the stage for the ongoing acts of divine creation that follow. It emphasizes God’s authority, power, and ability to bring forth life and order through His spoken word.

This verse also carries theological significance beyond the literal creation account. It serves as a metaphorical representation of God’s ability to bring light into darkness, both in the physical and spiritual realms. It symbolizes the transformative power of God’s presence and revelation, dispelling darkness and bringing illumination, understanding, and truth.

Overall, Genesis 1:3 marks a pivotal moment in the creation narrative, highlighting God’s power to speak light into existence and laying the foundation for the subsequent acts of creation.

light – ‘ôr – daylight

And there was light. could be translated as and light proceeded to come into being.

That gives more emphasis on God creating everything out of nothing.

Okay, here comes a puzzle for you. If God gave light on the first day, and He didn’t create the sun and the moon until the fourth day, where did the light on the first day come from?

Well, the best answer I’ve run across is like this. There was so much heat involved in creating the earth and the heavens that it was still hanging around and provided light when God called for it. Then, by the fourth day, that light, basically fire, was replaced by the sun.

⁴ God saw that the light was good, and God separated the light from the darkness.

After bringing light into existence on the first day of creation, God observes that the light is good. This highlights God’s delight and approval of His creative work. It indicates that God’s creation is not only functional but also imbued with intrinsic goodness.

God isn’t bragging here. No. He is merely stating a fact, and that what was just done met with His approval and also His future plans for mankind.

When God separated the day and night, He was providing a time of rest from each day of labor.

The separation of light from darkness mentioned in this verse further emphasizes the establishment of order and distinction within the created world. It signifies the division between day and night, a pattern that sets the stage for the cyclical nature of time and the rhythm of life.

Here’s a bit of trivia for you. Did you know that the earth rotates completely in less than twenty-four hours?

That’s right. It takes twenty-three hours, fifty-six minutes and four seconds to make one complete rotation. But because the earth moves around the sun at the same time it is rotating, the earth needs to turn just a little bit more to reach the same place relative to the Sun, exactly three minutes and fifty-six seconds later. Therefore, the length of the day is still twenty-four hours.

⁵ God called the light day, and He called the darkness night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.

Here begins the naming process where God gives names to each new thing He creates.

The naming of light as day and darkness as night demonstrates God’s authority and dominion over creation. By assigning names to these elements, God brings order and structure to the world, providing a framework for human understanding and organization.

The mention of evening and morning signifies the completion of a day, as understood in the biblical context. This establishes the pattern of a 24-hour day consisting of alternating periods of light and darkness.

Okay, here’s where we begin to see that Genesis is not quite so straightforward and easy to understand as you might have thought.

The seven days of creation. Were they literal, twenty-four-hour days? Or were they longer periods of time, all the way up to thousands or even millions of years? And each day could have been of varying lengths as well.

Scientists and theologians have argued this point for hundreds of years. And without sounding facetious, the bottom line is that they were as long as God wanted them to be.

But if they were much longer than a day, then you could argue that the scientists are partially right. Man could have been around for a lot longer that it seems.

⁶ Then God said, Let there be an expanse in the middle of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.

This act of separating the waters emphasizes the establishment of boundaries and order within creation. It signifies the distinction between the atmospheric heavens and the earthly waters, such as oceans, seas, and rivers. By creating this division, God brings clarity and structure to the elements of the cosmos.

The verse also reveals God’s purposeful and intentional approach to creation. Each step in the process demonstrates His thoughtful design and attention to detail. The separation of the waters reflects God’s desire for distinction and balance, ensuring that each aspect of creation has its proper place and function.

⁷ God made the expanse and separated the waters under the expanse from the waters above the expanse. And it was so.

In this verse, God brings to fulfillment His command to create the space or expanse that separates the waters. He implements His divine power and separates the waters below, which include the seas and other bodies of water on Earth, from the waters above, which could refer to the atmospheric water vapor or a celestial realm.

The act of separating the waters emphasizes the establishment of distinct realms within creation. It reinforces the idea of boundaries and order, highlighting God’s intentional design. By setting apart the waters, God brings structure and organization to the elements of the world.

The phrase And it was so signifies the immediate and faithful fulfillment of God’s command. It underscores the power and authority of His spoken word, as His divine will is swiftly carried out. It reflects the reliability and trustworthiness of God’s creative actions.

⁸ God called the expanse the heavens. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.

When the waters were created, there was one big area of water. This phase of creation is creating something to separate the waters of the earth from the waters or vapors of the air. This is when the process of evaporation, rain, evaporation started. Each of the ‘waters’ keeps replenishing the other.

After creating the expanse to separate the waters, God assigns a name to this space, calling it sky. By naming the expanse, God demonstrates His authority over creation and establishes the identity and purpose of this part of the created order.

The heavens here refers to the sky as we see it today, not heaven itself. Throughout the rest of the Bible, whenever the word ‘heavens’ is used, that’s what it’s referring too. On the other hand, when the word is ‘heaven’, then it’s referring to the actual heaven.

This is just one more step in the process that God is going through to prepare the earth in order for living creatures to be able to live there.

The mention of evening and morning, marking the second day, continues the rhythmic pattern established in the previous verses. It reinforces the notion of a 24-hour day and further emphasizes the structured nature of God’s creative process.

⁹ Then, God said, Let the waters below the heavens be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear. And It was so.

Here comes land that will divide the waters of the earth. He separated the water from land for a certain type of life to live on later.

The act of gathering the waters and revealing dry land signifies the formation of distinct elements within the created order. God establishes boundaries and separation between the waters and the land, further contributing to the order and organization of the world.

¹⁰ God called the dry land earth, and He called the gathering of the waters seas. And God saw that it was good.

The naming of the dry ground as land and the gathered waters as seas reinforces the establishment of boundaries and distinctions within the created world. It reflects God’s careful ordering and categorization of different elements, contributing to the overall structure and organization of the Earth.

Again, God pronounces it all good for His purpose of placing living creatures in both the water and the land.

Surveys of the ocean floor show that all the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent, which seems to fit verse nine. Some believe that the changes that came about at the time of Noah’s flood may have broken the single land mass apart.

¹¹ Then God said, "Let the earth grow vegetation, seed-bearing plants and fruit trees on the earth bearing fruit with seed according to their kind. And it was so.

The emphasis on the land producing vegetation underscores God’s design for the Earth to be a fertile and life-sustaining environment. It highlights the interconnectedness of the land, plants, and subsequent ecosystems that rely on vegetation for sustenance and balance.

The reference to seed-bearing plants and fruit-bearing trees signifies the reproductive capacity and the continuation of plant life. God’s command ensures the provision of future generations of plants through the mechanism of seeds, allowing for the cycle of growth and regeneration.

¹² The earth sprouted vegetation, seed-bearing plants according to their kind and trees bearing fruit with seed according to their kind. And God saw that it was good.

Now there is a beginning of life on earth even though it is only vegetative. It is just one more step toward making the earth sustain human life.

The mention of plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds emphasizes the reproductive nature of vegetation. This highlights the intricate design of God’s creation, as each plant and tree is programmed to reproduce after its own kind, ensuring the continuation and diversity of plant life.

Okay, let’s keep count here. This is the end of only the second day of creation. Look at how much was accomplished in those three days.

¹³ There was evening and there was morning, a third day.

In this verse, the reference to evening and morning marks the completion of the third day of creation, following the emergence of vegetation on land. This pattern of evening and morning serves as a consistent measure of time, highlighting the structured nature of God’s creative process.

The mention of evening and morning also reinforces the idea of a 24-hour day, emphasizing the finite and intentional nature of God’s work. It establishes a rhythm that echoes throughout the creation account, symbolizing the order and regularity that God has infused into the world.

¹⁴ Then, God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night. And they will be for signs, for seasons, and for days and years.

In this verse, God initiates another creative act by speaking into existence the lights in the expanse of the sky. This refers to the creation of celestial bodies such as the sun, moon, and stars, which serve multiple purposes in God’s design.

The first purpose mentioned is to separate the day from the night, providing light during the day and darkness during the night. This establishes the regular rhythm of day and night, contributing to the orderly functioning of the Earth’s cycle and the measurement of time.

The second purpose is for the lights to serve as signs, marking sacred times, days, and years. This highlights the significance of celestial bodies in determining seasons, festivals, and other significant events within the framework of religious observance and human calendars.

Without the sun, would life on earth be able to continue existing? No way! The sun is a major ingredient in life continuing no earth.

¹⁵ And they will be for lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth. And it was so.

Once the sun and all the other stars were created, that led to the separation of day and night, as well as the different seasons and years.

As was pointed out earlier, the earth rotating around the sun is what gives us all those things mentioned above.

But if the earth stopped rotating, all the area facing the sun would burn and all the area facing away from the sun would freeze.

Would you say that God definitely knew what He was doing?

¹⁶ And God made the two great lights the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night and the stars.

In this verse, the focus is on God’s creation of the two great lights, which refers to the sun and the moon. The greater light, the sun, is designated to govern the day, providing abundant light and warmth. The lesser light, the moon, is appointed to govern the night, offering a softer glow, and reflecting the sun’s light.

The mention of the stars acknowledges the vastness and diversity of the celestial bodies that fill the night sky. Although not specifically mentioned in great detail, their creation is attributed to God, further showcasing His creative power and the expansive nature of His work.

¹⁷ God placed them in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth,

The act of setting the celestial bodies highlights God’s intentional arrangement and order within the cosmos. It underscores His wisdom and precision in positioning these heavenly bodies to serve their vital function of illuminating the earth.

The reference to giving light on the earth further emphasizes the purposeful and directional nature of the celestial bodies. They are not only positioned in the expanse of the sky, but their light is specifically directed toward the earth, ensuring that it receives the necessary light and energy for sustenance.

¹⁸ and to rule the day and night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good.

I like the way it reads there I verse 18. to rule the day and night. If you think about it, the sun does actually rule the day and look at what the moon does to the tides, as well as sometimes providing a little light at night.

The phrase God saw that it was good is a recurring refrain throughout the creation account, affirming the quality and harmony of each aspect of God’s creative work. It highlights the divine approval and delight in the orderly and purposeful nature of the universe.

¹⁹ There was evening and there was morning, a fourth day.

While this verse does not provide explicit details about the specific events or actions on the fourth day, it plays a crucial role in the narrative structure of Genesis 1. It underscores the passage of time and the progression of God’s creative work, building anticipation for the unfolding of further acts of creation.

Now that the job of creating the heavens and the earth is done, God turns to the real part of creation. All the creatures, including man.

²⁰ Then God said, Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the expanse of the heavens.

The phrase Let the water teem with swarms of living creatures highlights God’s intention for the waters to be filled with a vast array of marine life. It emphasizes the richness and vitality of aquatic ecosystems, showcasing God’s design for a flourishing and interconnected web of life.

The command for birds to fly above the earth and across the expanse of the sky emphasizes their freedom of movement and their role in the ecosystem. Birds are endowed with unique adaptations that enable them to navigate the vast expanse of the sky and fulfill their ecological functions, such as pollination and seed dispersal.

²¹ God created the large sea monsters and every living creature that moves and swarms in the waters, according to their kind and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good.

large sea monsters – anything from a venomous snake to a dragon or even a dinosaur

The phrase according to their kind indicates the diverse and distinct categories of living beings that God has brought into existence. It underscores the idea of biodiversity and the unique characteristics and purposes of each creature within its designated kind.

And as before, God pronounced what He’d just created as good.

Now there is life on earth. Not just the sea creatures, but the birds, too. Now that there is land for the birds to live on, they are created next.

²² God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters of the seas and let birds multiply on the earth.

I think it is significant that God blessed the sea creatures and the birds.

Why do you think He did that?

God was creating perfection, and the only way perfection could be achieved is through God’s blessing.

The command to be fruitful, increase in number, and fill their respective domains emphasizes God’s intention for these creatures to reproduce and multiply. It reflects His desire for the continuation and abundance of life within the waters and the skies.

²³ There was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.

The reference to evening and morning also serves as a reminder of the finite nature of each day of creation. It reinforces the notion that God’s work is purposeful and unfolds within specific timeframes, emphasizing the intentional progression of His creative acts.

This verse acts as a transitional verse, marking the completion of the specific creative acts on the fifth day and leading into the subsequent days of creation. It signifies a pause in the narrative, allowing for reflection on the work accomplished thus far and anticipation of what is yet to come.

²⁴ Then God said, Let the earth bring forth living creatures according to their own kind, livestock and creeping things and animals of the earth according to their own kind. And it was so.

The phrase according to their own kind underscores the concept of distinct categories or species within the created order. It suggests that God designed each creature with unique characteristics, behaviors, and habitats, and that they reproduce after their own kind.

The phrase And it was so emphasizes the reliability and effectiveness of God’s word. His creative commands are not empty statements, but are accompanied by the power to bring about the desired outcome.

²⁵ God made the wild animals of the earth according to their kind and everything that crawls on the ground according to their kind. And God saw that it was good.

made – ‛âśâh (aw-saw’)– this verb is much more personal than bârâ‘ (baw-raw’) in verse one that is translated ‘created.

bârâ‘ (baw-raw’) is more of a spoke and it happened kind of verb

‛âśâh (aw-saw’) is more of a hands on verb, literally forming something

In this verse, the focus is on God’s completion of the creation of the wild animals, livestock, and creatures that move along the ground. It emphasizes that these creatures were made according to their respective kinds, reiterating the concept of distinct categories or species within the created order.

The repetition of according to their kind underscores the idea of God’s intentional design and the diversity of life forms on Earth. It suggests that God created each species with specific attributes, behaviors, and roles within their ecosystems.

²⁶ Then God said, Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness. They will rule the fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, the livestock, over all the earth, and the creeping things that crawl on the earth.

The same word is used here when God suggested making man and then again in the next verse, when He actually did it.

Again, this is a much more personal verb which shows the love that God bestowed on man from the beginning.

The phrase Let us make hints at the divine plurality and unity within the Godhead. While the full revelation of the Trinity comes later in biblical revelation, this verse suggests a communal dialogue within the Godhead, where God confers and deliberates before the creation of humanity.

The concept of being made in God’s image and likeness carries profound implications. It speaks to the inherent worth, value, and dignity of every human being. Being made in God’s image points to our capacity for moral reasoning, creativity, relationship, and stewardship.

²⁷ God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him. He created them male and female.

In this verse, the completion of God’s creative work is emphasized as He creates mankind, both male and female, in His own image. This reiterates the significance and uniqueness of humanity among all created beings.

The phrase in his own image underscores the profound nature of human identity. It speaks to our capacity to reflect and embody attributes of God, such as reason, morality, creativity, and relationality. Being created in God’s image affirms the inherent worth and dignity of every human being.

The mention of both male and female in this verse highlights the complementary nature of the sexes and the equality of men and women before God. It emphasizes the significance of gender diversity and the interdependent relationship between men and women in fulfilling God’s purposes.

Genesis 1:27 reflects God’s intention for human beings to be in relationship with Him and with one another. It underscores the value of community, partnership, and mutual respect within the framework of God’s creation.

The verse also reaffirms the divine authorship and creative power of God. It emphasizes that our existence as male and female is not a result of chance or human invention, but a deliberate act of God’s creation.

Genesis 1:27 lays the foundation for understanding human dignity, gender, and relationships within the context of God’s design. It affirms the value and equality of every individual and highlights the beauty of diversity and unity among human beings.

Overall, Genesis 1:27 is a pivotal verse that affirms the unique status of humanity as created in the image of God. It underscores our inherent worth, the complementary nature of male and female, and the significance of relationships in God’s plan. It invites us to embrace and celebrate the diversity and unity found within the human family.

²⁸ God blessed them and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea, the birds of the sky and every creature that moves on the earth.

God’s command to be fruitful and increase in number emphasizes His intention for human beings to procreate and multiply, filling the earth with their descendants. This highlights the importance of family, generations, and the continuity of human life.

The instruction to fill the earth and subdue it indicates humanity’s role as stewards and caretakers of the Earth. It implies responsible dominion and the proper management of God’s creation. It involves utilizing Earth’s resources wisely, preserving its beauty and integrity, and ensuring the well-being of both humans and the rest of creation.

The directive to rule over the fish, birds, and every living creature acknowledges humanity’s unique position as representatives of God’s authority on Earth. It conveys the responsibility to exercise wise and compassionate governance, recognizing the intrinsic value and worth of all living beings.

Didn’t God say the same thing to man that he had to every other creature after He blessed them? He wanted all creatures to multiply.

Why?

That is a question that has been asked and not answered for thousands of years. Only God knows.

²⁹ God said, "Look, I have given you every seed-bearing plant on the surface of the earth and every tree whose fruit produces seed. This will be food for you.

God’s act of providing food for humanity reveals His care, generosity, and intention for their well-being. It demonstrates His desire for humans to have an abundant and diverse food source from the plant kingdom.

Initially, man and animals were given plants for food. They were vegetarians.

The verse also implies a sense of responsibility and stewardship, as humans are entrusted with the proper utilization and cultivation of God’s provision. It suggests the need for respectful and sustainable practices in managing Earth’s resources.

³⁰ And to all the wildlife of the earth and to every bird of the sky and to every living thing that moves on the earth which has the breath of life in it. Every green plant is for food. And it was so.

Being made in the image of God gave man the authority to rule over the rest of God’s creation on earth. You might say this is an assigned responsibility and human beings are held accountable for how they treat the plant and animal world.

³¹ God saw all that He had made and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, a sixth day.

Once God completed His final act of creation, God looked at it and pronounced that it was very good.

God’s plan of creation placed everything in perfect balance, suited to His divine purpose. Thus, mankind is to blame for throwing it out of balance.

God’s assessment of His creation underscores His role as the ultimate Judge and the standard of what is good. It demonstrates His delight in the beauty and functionality of the natural world and affirms the inherent value and worth of all His creation.

Chapter Two

Outline

I. Creation of Man

A. Formed from the dust of the ground

B. Breathed into his nostrils, the breath of life

C. Became a living being

II. Garden of Eden

A. God planted a garden in Eden

B. Tree of life and tree of knowledge of good and evil

1. Command not to eat from the tree of knowledge

2. Warning of death if the command is disobeyed

III. Creation of Woman

A. God created animals and birds as potential helpers for the man

B. No suitable helper found

C. God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep and took a rib to create woman

IV. Marriage

A. First description of marriage

B. Man recognizes woman as his own flesh and bone

C. Both were naked and felt no shame.

Introduction

Genesis Chapter 2 delves deeper into the details of God’s creation narrative, focusing specifically on the formation of the first man and woman, their relationship with one another and with God, and their placement in the Garden of Eden. While Chapter 1 provides a broad overview of the creation of the world and all living beings, Chapter 2 zooms in on the intricate and intimate aspects of human existence. It offers a more personal and intimate account of God’s creative work, highlighting the special role of human beings within the larger tapestry of creation. Through vivid descriptions and engaging narratives, Genesis Chapter 2 invites us to explore the origins of humanity and to reflect on the profound meaning and purpose of our existence as we encounter the first man and woman in their idyllic paradise.

The chapter begins by describing how God completed His work of creation on the seventh day and rested from all His work. The focus then shifts to the creation of man. God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being.

God then planted a garden in Eden and placed the man there. In the middle of the garden, He planted the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. God commanded the man not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, warning that he would surely die if he did.

God then saw that it was not good for the man to be alone, so He created animals and birds and brought them to the man for him to name. However, none of the animals proved to be a suitable helper for the man, so God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep and took one of his ribs to create woman.

The chapter concludes with the first description of marriage, as the man recognizes the woman as his own flesh and bone. The man and woman were both naked and felt no shame.

Commentary

Verses 1-4 actually finish off the subject of Chapter 1

¹ The heavens and the earth and everything in them were finished.

In this verse, the completion of God’s creative work is emphasized. It signifies the fulfillment and culmination of the process of bringing the heavens and the earth into existence.

The phrase were completed in all their vast array emphasizes the thoroughness and perfection of God’s creation. It suggests that everything was brought to its intended state and order according to God’s divine plan.

Genesis 2:1 reflects the power and sovereignty of God as the ultimate Creator. It affirms His ability to bring about the intricate and vast complexities of the universe, demonstrating His wisdom and authority over all things.

The verse also sets the stage for the subsequent narrative in Genesis, highlighting the readiness and preparedness of the world for the coming events and the unfolding of God’s plan.

Genesis 2:1 invites us to marvel at the comprehensive nature of God’s creative work. It encourages us to acknowledge and appreciate the intricate design and order present in the universe, recognizing that every aspect of creation reflects the beauty and wisdom of its Creator.

Overall, Genesis 2:1 serves as a reminder of God’s power, completion, and perfection in bringing forth the heavens and the earth. It calls us to recognize and appreciate the vastness and intricacy of His creation and to respond with awe and gratitude for His creative work.

The sixth day finished the work of creation. everything in them or all their hosts signifies the earth was no longer formless or empty as it was in 1:2.

² God finished His work on the seventh day and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done.

In this verse, the focus shifts to the conclusion of God’s creative work. It highlights the completion of the tasks that God had set out to accomplish.

The mention of the seventh day signifies a significant moment in the narrative. It emphasizes the concept of rest and establishes the pattern of a seven-day week, with the seventh day designated as a day of rest.

God’s act of resting does not imply weariness or exhaustion on His part, but serves as an example and a model for human beings. It demonstrates the importance of rest, renewal, and the recognition of God’s work and provision.

Genesis 2:2 emphasizes the divine rhythm of work and rest. It underscores the significance of honoring the balance between labor and Sabbath, recognizing that rest is an integral part of God’s design for human well-being and flourishing.

This verse also highlights God’s satisfaction with His completed work. It reveals His delight in the creative process and the fulfillment of His purpose, affirming the goodness and perfection of His creation.

Genesis 2:2 invites us to reflect on the value of rest and to embrace the rhythm of work and Sabbath in our lives. It reminds us that our productivity and fulfillment are not solely defined by constant activity, but also by intentional times of rest and reflection.

Overall, Genesis 2:2 presents God’s completion of His work and His rest on the seventh day. It calls us to honor the principle of rest, recognizing its importance in our lives, and to find contentment and satisfaction in the work we have been given to do.

finished or completed – uses the Hebrew verb form that indicates completed action.

It’s also the last word of verse 1.

The significance of this is that God was finished. He had accomplished all he’d planned to accomplish.

Another way of looking at that would be that God created all that back then and did it all exactly the way He wanted it. Therefore, there has never been any reason to create anything new since then.

³ And God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it because on it, He rested from all His work which God had created.

In this verse, God blesses and sanctifies the seventh day, setting it apart as a special and sacred day. It is a continuation of the theme of rest introduced in the previous verse.

By blessing the seventh day, God imparts His favor and divine presence to this specific day. It signifies a unique and privileged status, differentiating it from the other days of the week.

God’s act of making the seventh day holy emphasizes its sacred nature and distinct purpose. It signifies that the day is dedicated to God and carries a spiritual significance beyond the other days of the week.

The mention of God resting from His work of creation underscores the completion and fulfillment of His creative activity. It serves as a model for humanity, revealing the importance of rest and the acknowledgment of God’s work and provision.

Genesis 2:3 introduces the concept of Sabbath, which is a day set apart for worship, reflection, and rejuvenation. It emphasizes the need for humans to pause from their labor, connect with God, and find spiritual nourishment.

This verse invites us to embrace the practice of Sabbath, recognizing its profound meaning and purpose in our lives. It encourages us to cultivate a rhythm of work and rest, honoring the sacred time set aside for worship, fellowship, and restoration.

Genesis 2:3 also highlights the intentionality of God in creating a space for rest and worship. It reminds us of the significance of dedicating time to seek God, deepen our relationship with Him, and find renewal for our body, mind, and spirit.

Overall, Genesis 2:3 reveals the establishment of the Sabbath as a blessed and holy day. It calls us to embrace the practice of Sabbath, honoring its purpose in our lives and recognizing it as a gift from God for our well-being and spiritual growth.

There are so many interpretations of this verse that it would take an entire book to list and describe all of them.

One of them is that since God didn’t mention the evening, then the seventh day has not ended yet. Whoa! You know the ones who believe this are the same ones who say that each of the seven days was much longer than an actual day.

What I say is this. Why try to make a verse of God’s word mean more than it appears to mean?

The main thing we need to stress about verse 3 is that God blessed that day and therefore, we should honor it as well by honoring Him and worshiping Him on that day.

⁴ This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens.

In this verse, a new section of the Genesis narrative begins. It signals a transition from the broader account of creation in Genesis 1 to a more detailed focus on the creation of human beings and their place in the world.

The phrase This is the account of sets the stage for the subsequent narrative, indicating that what follows will provide specific details and insights into the creation story.

Genesis 2:4 reaffirms the divine authorship of creation, emphasizing that it was the Lord God who made the earth and the heavens. It underscores God’s sovereignty and authority as the Creator of all things.

The verse serves as a bridge connecting the themes of God’s creative work in Genesis 1 with the subsequent narrative of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. It provides a framework for understanding the continuation and unfolding of God’s plan and purpose for humanity.

Genesis 2:4 invites us to approach the following account with a sense of anticipation and curiosity, as it promises a more intimate exploration of the human experience and our relationship with God and the world.

Overall, Genesis 2:4 functions as a transitional verse, signaling the shift in focus to the specific details of human creation and the unfolding of God’s plan for humanity. It reminds us of the divine authorship of creation and sets the stage for a deeper exploration of our origins and purpose in the narrative that follows.

This is the account – tôledâh – is used ten times in Genesis and gives the structure of Genesis.

LORD God – yehôvâh ‘ĕlôhı̂ym – the existing one, the true God.

Yahweh is God’s personal name that shows how God interacts with man.

Elohim is from a root word that refers to power.

Elohim was used up to this point to describe the power of God that made all that was made in those six days.

Yahweh is now added when God is going to start interacting with man. It shows that He is going to be more personal to mankind.

Put it together and you have Our true everlasting God.

⁵ When no shrub or plant was yet in the earth and no plant of the field had sprouted, for the LORD God had not caused it to rain on the earth and there was no man to cultivate the ground.

In this verse, the focus shifts to a more detailed description of the conditions present on the earth before the creation of human beings. It highlights the absence of certain elements necessary for plant growth and cultivation.

The mention that no shrub had yet appeared on the earth and no plant had yet sprung up emphasizes the lack of vegetation at this point in the narrative. It indicates that the earth was not yet teeming with plant life as it would be after God’s further creative activity.

The verse also highlights the absence of rain and the lack of someone to work the ground. These details suggest that the conditions were not yet suitable for plant growth and cultivation. It sets the stage for the subsequent narrative of God’s provision and the creation of the first human being, Adam.

Genesis 2:5 serves to underscore the dependency of the natural world on God’s intervention and human stewardship. It establishes the context for understanding the significance of God’s subsequent actions in providing rain and creating Adam to tend and care for the earth.

This verse invites us to reflect on the interconnectedness of God’s creation and the role that humans play in cultivating and caring for the natural world. It highlights our responsibility to be good stewards of the earth and to recognize the dependence of creation on God’s provision.

Overall, Genesis 2:5 provides insight into the conditions of the earth before the creation of human