The English Language: Learning, Working, and Making a Life in the World's Greatest Language

By Tim Voigt

English would evolve over 1500 years of British history.  Rome would pullout of its colony of Britannia.  It would get invaded by peoples like Saxons, Celts, Angles, Vikings, and more.  Out of this would come the British state and the language of English.  Britain would colonize much of the world spreading its language and culture far and wide.  English would go on to be the most widely spoken language in the world.  Here in this book by an English instructor, we will explore the richness of the English language, careers, and its use in the world.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Tim Voigt
• Release date: Apr 8, 2023
• ISBN: 9798215876923

Book preview

To all who want to learn and to those who make a career out of the English language.

Epigraph:

"English is language born in Germany and Germanic tribes.  Out of this its language would spread to parts of the world like Scandinavia, Austria, and elsewhere.  Derivatives of ancient German would diversify into many kinds of language like Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and also English.  Ancient German peoples would invade England called by names like Saxons, Jutes, Frisians, and also Germans.  Their Germanic tongue would combine with native languages of the Celts like Scots, Irish, Anglish, and more to evolve into Anglo-Saxon, a forerunner to modern English.  English would take its name from the land of the Angles, now named Angland or England.  England would go through ages overrun by peoples like Roman, French-Gauls, Norse Viking, Breton, and many others.  England would become a melting pot for language influences of many kinds and in time would evolve into the modern language of English.  English would grow into an immense language pooling words from around the world.  It is now something vastly different from its ancient origins become one of the greatest languages of the world.  It is now taught so widely that it has become the international language of business, learned by millions, being taught wherever.  The demand for its language skill is immense, it is now so popular its as if there are just not enough teachers in the world who can teach the language of English.'  -talk on language

'In the modern world people must be educated.  The world is simply too tough and complicated in cultures, problems, nations, causes, issues, and things.  The world's most complicated age is now, not an ancient past.  If you are not educated, you are not ready to know and experience the world.  It will overwhelm you.  In your blindness, you find you are stupid, lost of where to go, bewildered by what you don't understand.'    -talk on education

'English is an accident of England and its history.  Originally it would be a Celtic tongue, but invasions by Saxons, Normans, Germans, Norse, French, and so many others would influence it, distort it, change it, and transform it into a language have Celt and German at its core, but being populated with words from around Europe and indeed the world, absorbing other languages, making foreign words into its own.'    -talk on science

Dedication:

In today's world, English as a language is seemingly found everywhere.  It is the main language of the USA, Canada, Australia, and Britain.  It would be spread about the world by the action of British colonists, explorers, tourists, soldiers, businessmen, and others.  Britain in time would conquer many lands, create many colonies, and influence many nations leaving its stamp of culture, cuisine, habits, and also language.  It would imprint on many nations, seemingly manifesting in all nations on Earth.  Millions speak it as a first language and it is learned by millions more as a second language.  The demand for its skill is intense creating opportunity for its native speaker, tutor, teacher, professor, and so on.  Here in this book, we will examine the English language more closely, its features, its use around the world, dialects, jobs in teaching English, and more arcana.  Overall this book is meant as a guide for people who want to learn English, teach it, or just want a familiarity with its language, influences, qualities, and such.  This book is overall sure to contain omissions and mistakes.  If any are found, please forgive what is found.  Thank you for reading.

Timothy Voigt

English Instructor

2022

'In today's world English is the closest thing to a world language.  It needs to be learned and known, being capable in it is just so valuable.  Not knowing it can be a disadvantage as it can lead to loss and confusion.  It is found most anywhere and thus it is vital to converse with most anyone.'  -talk on language

'In many ways English is the most widely spoken language in the world.  It seems to be found everywhere, on every continent, in every nation, somehow haunting all other cultures with its alphabet, numbers, and words.'        -talk on language

Introduction: The English Speaking World

Around the world are spoken thousands of languages.  However some languages seem to be spoken by more people than any other.  These languages have speakers numbering into the millions and represent the most widely spoken languages in the world.  These great languages go by the names of Russian, English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Chinese, Japanese, and a few others.  These languages would dominate in regions where they have been instituted and hence are called ‘language zones’.  One language called English would have its zone.  Wherever British culture and influence would go, an English language zone (or Anglozone) would be created.

In the world today there are many such Anglozone nations.  Examples are the USA, Britain, Ireland, Canada, Belize, Australia, New Zealand, and former British colonial regions.  Here English is the first and native language.  It is spoken by millions, used in newspapers, and used in all manner of transaction.  Knowing it is vital to living in this world and being in some sense a citizen of the world.

English would begin in Middle Ages Britain.  Here Saxon invaders would introduce German to England.  It would combine with native Gaelic and other tongues to form a distinct language known as ‘English’ (of England).  This language would be spread about the world by explorers, travelers, and traders.  It would be instituted in many diverse regions and coexist along with native tongues.  Today English is the most widely spoken language in the world.  It is a first, second, or third language and has its many speakers.  Many students study English and it is thought vital to know in the modern world.

Old English is an ancient version of English found in the Middle Ages.  It is now remembered mostly in Shakespeare plays and writings dating from its age.  It is an eloquent form of English with tenses, epic words, and a fascinating difference that makes it a fascinating study in English overall.  The English alphabet would have its origin in Latin and Germanic scripts as well as Greek.  Here it would be refined into a system of letters, consonants and vowels.  Symbols would appear in math and punctuation to accentuate the language.  It would evolve into a complex tongue with many dialects.

A dictionary is a book containing English words.  It is a book expanding of its vocabulary because of loan words, influences, slang, science concepts, new realities, and new speak wherever it arises.  It now has over 500,000 words with more appearing by the day.

English is used in realities like song, dance, music, opera, screenplays, plays, poems, novels, and more.  It is an eloquent tongue useful for so very much, diversifying, being  used by the many epic talents who speak its language over the ages.

Many people would go on to be 'masters' of English defining the language, using it in works, making a statement of some kind, or making some production classic in its use.  People who would gain fame in the use of English are:

-Founding Fathers of the United States -poets -writers -Shakespeare -Mark Twain -Jefferson -King James -romance writers -famous authors

-JRR Tolkien -Bram Stoker -Walt Whitman -eloquent speakers -playwrights -screenwriters, and so much else.  Many go on to classic status with epic works.

English would spread about the world with the British invasion.  It would retain a commonality wherever it went.  But it would diversify into tongues like Australian English, American English, British English, slang, Pidgin, creole, street speak, friend speak, and other kinds.  It would see the appearance of words unique to some dialects.  All the dialects are intelligible to one another in some way or form.

In ancient times, languages like Latin or Greek were the ‘lingua franca’ (or professional learned language) of the world.  They were spoken in terms of academia, war, politics, business, or something else by the educated persons of their ages.  In time these languages would decline to be supplanted by French, German, or English.  Today English is spoken worldwide and is the main language of culture and politics in the modern world.

In the 16th to 19th centuries, Britain would explore much of the world.  It would found thirteen colonies in North America.  It would seize land in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and South America establishing British colonies.  It would set up colonies in distant places like:

-Australia -New Zealand -Pitcairn island -the Falkland Islands -Hawaii -the Solomon Islands -India -Egypt -the Middle East -Gibraltar -Cyprus

-Hong Kong -Central Asia -Ireland -the Arctic -Antarctica -Northern Ireland -Scotland -the Channel Islands, and elsewhere.  In so doing it would spread its political control, culture, language, and customs.  The imprint of the British would be long lasting and thus English would spread about the world.

English seems to be everywhere.  Somehow it haunts every nation, being taught in some way.  It is the main language of many the great powers of the world among them the USA, Britain, Canada, and Australia.  English culture would be spread about the world and thus English would go with them.  It is now found in bars, papers, television, radio, and wherever from pole to pole, in all lands wherever its community of speakers fluorishes.

English would be spread far and wide, manifesting in many versions like:

-signs -sign language -newspapers -TV shows -radio shows -magazines -pamphlets -journals -books -comics -video games -diary -speeches

-manifesto -legal document -professional document -manual -graphic novel -website -box info, and so much more.  It is used in so many ways defining its culture manifesting in any kind of publication of some kind.

English is taught the world over.  Because it is so used so heavily, it seems to be taught in any school.  For anyone to be learned in the 21st century, some capability is needed in English if not vital.  It is everywhere, almost used by anyone, being the world's language, for this age, it is the greatest language in the world.

'English is not just of England anymore.  Because of the British traveling the world, so English is spread about the world.  It manifests in so many corners and places, it seems you just cannot leave home without it.'        -talk on language

'English is so named from the land of England.  England was once a petty region of a monarchy of the island of Britain.  In the Middle Ages, its kingdom would grow powerful conquering neighboring kingdoms, annexing Wales and Scotland, etc.  England would now be applied to the whole of the island of Britain or just its southern half.  As English influence spread so did its language.'        -talk on teaching

Introductory comments:

English is in some sense the most widely spoken language in the world.  It is found far and wide, not just in Anglozone nations but wherever being learned by anyone if only just routinely for a few words.  It is a popular tongue for film, book, newspaper, TV, and much more.  It is an eloquent, flowing tongue filled with abstraction, poetry, and finesses making it attractive to learn the world over.  For people who make a life in academia or anything educated, learning English is not just advisable, it is a necessity.  Here in this book, we will review the language of English, its nature, uses, qualities, abstractions, opportunities, and arcana.  Overall this book is for the person considering English as a career, a door for advancement, perhaps teaching English overseas, and so much else.  We begin now with a review of English and proceed to other chapters.

'England would originally be Anglia or Angleland.  They would be a German people who would give their name to a language but also two lines intersecting making for a space also called the angle.'            -talk on math

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'English's use would ebb and flow according to the fortunes of the British.  Where the British goes, so does the English language.  As they spread out for empire perhaps almost to conquer the world, so it takes English and its culture as well.'      -talk on history

Chapter 1:  The English Language and History of English

———Introduction to English

English is the most widely spoken language in the world.  Though Chinese and a few other languages have more speakers, English’s distribution is worldwide outclassing any other language.  It is spoken in nearly all nations as a first or second language.  It is taught to millions and it seems billions of people know some words of English here and there.  It would have its origin in Germanic tongues and then spread to the English isles.  Here it would change, evolve, and improve with other languages making for a cosmopolitan tongue.  In time England would become the nation of Britain, an epic world power.  It would spread about the world dabbling and making colonies wherever it went.  Wherever the British went so went its language.  It would be impressed on many nations and then lead to blending with other languages as well.  Now it seems to be worldwide, found anywhere on all continents.  In today's world an ability with it is necessary for any advancement, association with world nations, and understanding a wider world.  For this some education in it is just so necessary and seems so inevitable.  In this book, we will examine the nature of the English language and get to know its ‘world’ of vocabulary, works, and other assortments.  Overall we will examine qualities of English, language abilities, arcana, and much more with this fascinating tongue born of the reality and history of England.  We begin now with discussions on various issues in the study of English.  We first review a brief history of English.

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'English is at its core something like German, thus the languages have some kind of understanding of the other.  However English would become almost like a stew with ingredients from many tongues and cultures, transforming it into today's English.'      -talk on language

——-History of English and England (Britain)

English is an ancient language.  More precisely it would originate in the Middle Ages.  It would arise in England ruled by medieval kings.  Here Saxon invaders from Germany would invade and institute their language of German.  It would combine with the native English of the Angles tongue to form ‘Anglo-Saxon’, the beginning language of English.  In this age there would be Celtic cultures speaking the language, Gaelic, later to diversify into Scots, Irish, Welsh, etc.  Here this would blend with English as well.  Later invasions by Normans, Norse, and others would later distort primitive English to become today's modern English.  English would be enriched by many invaders and borrowed words to become the complicated language of the world today.  Here in this chapter we will review a discussion on the history of English, Britain, and related discussions.

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——-Ancient times before Rome

Prehistory

Britain in prehistory is largely shadowy.  Its thought cavemen, Neanderthals, and others wandered the land, hunting and gathering.  Large animals lived like

-Irish elk -cave bear -cave lion -sabertooth -mammoth -mastodon, etc.  All this would go extinct.  In later ages people would colonize the land like Picts, Celts, Saxons, Norse, Normans, and others.

Before 3000 BC not much is known of British history, it would be the time of prehistory.  Its believed the land was largely wilderness with ancient wildlife.  Its thought primitive people wandered the land hunting and gathering.  Its thought the land would go through ages like:

-Pleistocene epoch -Stone Age -Iron Age -Bronze Age -Megalithic era -barbarian times -Pictish era -invasion by Celts, etc.

——Neanderthals.  Archaeologists would discover skulls and bones in the Neander Valley of Germany.  Here they would elucidate an ancient form of Man that lived in Europe.  It would largely live in a cave man way hunting and gathering, fighting caveman wars, and more.  Their age would last for ages and go extinct.  Its thought ancient man-kinds would wander into Britannia, leaving relics and fossils.  Other kinds of ancient man-creatures to learn about are:

-Australopithecus -Taung child -Ramapithecus -Zinjanthropus -Denisovan -Homo floresiensis -Peking Man -Homo habilis, and many more.

——-Geography of Britain.  Britain is largely an island in the North Atlantic Ocean bordered by water bodies like the English Channel, Celtic Sea, North Sea, etc.  It is largely hill land with some mountains, consisting of forest, planes, rivers, bays, and other islands nearby.  It is divided into general regions called Scotland, Wales, England, Northumbria, York, Wessex, Cornwall, etc.  It has many epic landforms and features like:

-the Firth of Forth -Loch Ness -River Thames -moors -forests -Orkney islands -Shetland islands -Scottish highlands -Anglesey -Isle of Wight, etc.  In its history it would know ages like:

-Stone Age -Iron and Bronze Age -Megalithic builders -Rome -Middle Ages -Renaissance -Enlightenment -Victorian Era -20th and 21st centuries.  It has many epic cities like London, Leeds, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Bath, and much more.  It would host many kingdoms and be overrun by peoples like:

-Norman -Celt -Roman -Pict -Celtic tribe -Angles -Jutes -Frisians -Saxons -Norse/Dane -Welsh -Scot -English/British -Franks, and many more.  It would know a violent history of wars and invasions, but it would create an empire that almost dominated the world.  In all it is an epic land with a fascinating history.

3000 BC

——-Megaliths.  Found around Britain but also pervading Europe are mysterious monuments of giant stones.  Probably the most famous of this is called Stonehenge, a national monument of Britain.  It refers to epic monuments of giant stones standing on their sides in arrangements like lines and circles.  It is not known who built them nor why, since they date from ancient ages before Britain and Rome.  They are thought to be anything like calendars, temples, meeting sites, the remnants of settlements, or ruins of what.  Its known some stones are alligned to star positions and thus theories suggest they are calendars or temples to the Sun or stars, of vanished god cults, or related.  They pervade Europe and also Britain, haunting the land, being reminders of eras no more.  Famous related monuments to explore are:

-Castlerigg -Avebury -Silbury Hill -Skara Brae -Newgrange -Carnac -Glastonbury Tor -chalk giant carvings, and many more.

———Stonehenge.  There is a monument located in central England consisting of standing stones called just Stonehenge.  Its belleved to be thousands of years old built by an unknown culture for unknown reasons.  Its thought it may be anything like a temple, meeting ground, village, calendar, a ruin of a construction, or what.  It is known to allign with the Sun and stars, suggesting it was a sacred site of some kind.  It has been ravaged over the ages by erosion, vandals, armies, thieves, and whom.  Today it stands as a relic of some other age and world, a World Heritage Site, and national monument of England.  It would attract persons like tourists, scientists, modern druids, people into Wicca, officials, and more.  It stands as a relic of former ages, mystifying England and the world still.

In the ancient world there would exist many kinds of ancient civilizations like:

-Sumeria -Babylon -ancient Egypt -Mitanni -Hittite Empire -Kush and Nubia -Arabia -Pontus -Phrygia -Phoenicia -Neo Babylonian empire, etc.  They would have epic religions and languages like:

-Aramaic -Ancient Egyptian heiroglyphic -Latin -cuneiform -ancient Greek -Celtic tongues -Etruscan -Luwian, and many others.  Many of these languages would go extinct, but they would originate words and letterforms.  In time they would change into letters to become the English alphabet.  Many words of its eras would survive the times and change into English wordforms and words.  In many respects English has its origin in ancient tongues, blending, changing, evolving, and in time becoming an accident of a language, English.

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——-Europe.  There is a continent jutting out from Europe.  In ancient times it would be largely wilderness home to many wild animals, forests, etc.  White peoples and their tribes would sweep over the land manifesting in cultures like:

-Celt -Norse (Scandinavian) -Germanic -Slav -Latin -Roma -Basque -Greek, etc.  In time these tribes would diffuse into many other tribes, interrelating, speaking their own languages, and cross culturally influencing one another.  In time the tribes would settle down into villages.  Rome would appear conquering the land absorbing it into one empire and cultural zone.  In time Rome would self destruct and the continent would diversify into principalities, other empires, kingdoms, and other states.  Out of this would come the main cultures of Europe like:

-Russia -Scandinavian countries -Britain -France -Spain -Portugal -Italy -Germany -Poland -Slavic nations -Switzerland -Greece, etc.  Europe would undergo many ages of history with continuous wars, world wars, triumphs of science, writers, philosophers, epic leaders, political movements, etc.  It would see epic eras and dramas like:

-Naziism -Fascism -Communism -Monarchy -Capitalism -The Catholic Church -Reformation -cults and religions -dictators -scandals -assassinations

-world wars -acts of science -Einstein -Galileo -Darwin -Newton -The Inquisition -Middle Ages -Napoleon -Vikings -Germanic tribes -Celtic cultures

-the printing press -chivalry -druids -feudalism -castles -empires -the Austro-Hungarian empire -Prussia -microstates -game of thrones -the Pope, etc.

It would go through many centuries with ages coming and going, leaders rising and falling.  It would now have many languages and cultures, gathered in epic organizations like NATO, the European Union, the Council of Europe, Nordic Council, the Warsaw Pact, and more.  It would know many epic cities like:

-Berlin -Rome -London -Dublin -Paris -Athens -Moscow -Helsinki -Stockholm -Bern -Leeds -Birmingham -Edinburgh -Madrid -Lisbon -Warsaw, etc.  In all it would go on to be perhaps history's most fascinating continent, cultural zone, and epic place of powers, nations, persons, dramas and history going on.  British history would get intertwined with European history, joining, becoming one, cross influencing each other, shaping the other.  The ages of Britain would largely proceed as the ages of Europe as well, forming a bond, joining as one, going on together through time.

—-English Channel/North Sea.  Britain would be a large island cutoff from the European continent by these water bodies.  Despite this many peoples would invade by boat establishing kingdoms, villages, and more on the land.  England in its ages would be overrun by Romans, Normans, Norse, Angles, Saxons, and other peoples.  Its believed other powers would plot to invade it, but strangely did not like Napoleon and the Nazis.  Despite this Britain would be analogized to a castle with the English Channel being a kind of moat.  Many people would make it a personal challenge to swim the English Channel.

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2000 BC

Ancient Greek.  Before there was a Britain or England, there was the age of classical Greece.  It would originate the language of Greek.  It is known to have letters called alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and so forth with its symbols.  In time this language's script would change, drift, and evolve in time becoming the English alphabet.  The English alphabet retains influences from earlier scripts like Cyrillic (the basis of Russian), Latin, Roman numerals, and the like.  Ancient languages of many kinds would go on to influence the founding of the English alphabet, the script practiced to this time.

English numbers refer to the symbols 0123456789.  They would have their origins in earlier number systems from ancient civilizations.  Their number systems would change and evolve eventually becoming today's number system.

English numbers would be used in equations and be used in mathematics.  It takes a grounding in English numbers, signs, and symbols to be able to handle equations and hence to engage in the study of mathematics.

English would use many symbols for handling equations, punctuation, and for other uses.  It knows epic symbols like:

! @ # $ % ^ & ? , <> = +, and so on.  These symbols would underlie math, sentence use, writing, and so much else.  Learning these symbols can be done in math classes like arithmetic, algebra, calculus, and other subjects.  It is something vital one should learn in addition to English.

1000 BC In ancient times, English did not exist as the modern language it is.  Instead precursor languages existed that would in time evolve into English.  In the eras of 1000 BC to Rome, the island of Britannia would be lost to barbarian tribes, Picts, villages, hunter-gatherers, innumerable wars, chaos, and more.  The invasion of Rome would bring some semblance of order and civilization to the land lasting for about 500 years.  Rome would attempt to force its kind of civilization on the land.  It would lead to many epic and mysterious ruins like temples, cultic places, megaliths, public baths, Roman estates, Hadrian's wall, aqueducts, amphitheatre, and constructions typical of the Roman Age.

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0 AD.  Jesus Christ would be born here and go on to live a momentous life.  Disciples of him would found Christianity and spread it about Europe.  Europe would have faiths like the Roman state religion, cults, superstitions, and myths.  Christianity would later be impressed on Europe replacing these faiths.

—————Roman Age of Britain

-Julius Caesar.  In Rome's history there would appear an epic soldier turned general.  He would fight many wars, lead his armies as some kind of heroic figure, etc.  In time he would go on to seize power in Rome as its dictator, emperor.  In his time he would be perceived as someone akin to Napoleon.  He would begin as a soldier turned general.  A power vacuum would occur in the state and he would seize power as emperor.  This would alienate the powerful of his time in the Roman Senate.  They would be jealous of his power, status, and popularity, watching him grow in power overshadowing themselves for supreme power in the state.  In time they would plot to assassinate Caesar and destroy him.  However in his elimination Rome would go from republic to an empire beginning a long list of emperors afterwards.  He would go on to be Rome's most famous character and name.  His name would mutate into words of kingship like czar, kaiser, etc.  He would reform the calendar of his age creating months called July and August.  He would go on to be some kind of titanic name in history, haunting the ages, being some kind of dictator of Rome, inspiring stories, dramas, and influences of many kinds.  Rome would know many epic names like:

-Vespasian -Nero -Caesar Augustus -Cleopatra -Mark Antony -Homer -Greek philosophers -Aristotle -Pliny the Elder and Younger -Caligula, and many others.

——Roman Empire.  From the 1st through 5th centuries AD, Rome was at its height in Europe.  Rome would spread about Latin, its dominant language.  To the north of Rome exist Germanic peoples who would speak proto-Germanic tongues from which English would derive.  Rome would begin as a town on the Italian peninsula and take Greek as its civilization influence.  From there it would set out for empire conquering its way through Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.  For centuries it was the undisputed supreme power of its world with its emperors the most powerful people in the world.  Its fortunes would wax, wane, ebb, and flow due to ceaseless wars, rebellions, anarchies, and erosion of its influence.  It would force its language Latin on other tribes and ethnicities, leading to Romance languages.  Also its influence would go on to make an impact on German and later English as a descendant language.

—-Roman Culture.  Rome would begin as a small town in Italy, a descendant of previous ages like the Etruscans and ancient Greeks.  It would begin conquering neighboring regions in time swelling into an epic empire dominating Europe, North Africa, and into the Middle East.  It would conquer ages like ancient Egypt, the Vandals, Celts, Gauls-Franks, Huns, Greek city-states, and Canaan (Judaism).  It would raise an army called the Roman Legions with generals out for power and empire, subjugating kingdoms, installing governors, and leaving garrisons in power.  It would have its language of Latin impressed on ages.  Here it would diversify into the Romance languages of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and others.  It would found many towns, have a cult into Roman gods, and be permissive in permitting other cults to thrive like Mithraism, Christianity, and Judaism.  It would erect epic monuments like aqueducts, stadium, triumphal arch, temples, the Pantheon, the Colosseum, public baths, villa, and more.  It would take Greek art as its inspiration raising Greek like temples and statues to its gods.  It would at first be a kingdom, then become a republic before turning into empire.  Ambitious generals, leaders, senators, and others would try to seize power in Rome becoming emperor.  However its politics would prove so unstable, emperors would routinely get assassinated with plots and intrigues abounding almost all the time.  In all the empire would grow, wax, and wane with wages with leaders coming and going.  In time a cult called Christianity would grow powerful, in time replacing the Roman state religion, in time becoming the Roman Catholic Church.  In time it would fall breaking into parts like Byzantium.  Its age would end, but its legacies survive shaping ages after it well into modern times.

-Colosseum.  The Roman Empire would build an epic stadium named in honor of the Colossus of Rhodes, the Colosseum.  It would be like a giant oval with statues, hallways, etc.  It would commission sportsmen called gladiators who would fight anyone like Christians, warriors, captured soldiers, bears, lions, predatory animals, and more.  It would lead to epic displays of fighting skill, warrior spirit, and fights to the death for the appeasement of the crowds.  It would last for ages becoming one of the great monuments of Rome.  It would still survive as a ruin in the modern city also called Rome, Italy.  Ages of architects would take it as inspiration designing epic stadiums in the world like the Colosseum of LA, Lambeau Field, the Superdome, the Kingdome, the Silverdome, the stadium of the Dallas Cowboys, and much more of stadiums all over the world.

-Pompeii.  The Roman Age would build lavish cities and towns for its elite.  It would feature epic villas with slaves serving their masters.  It would in time build two epic towns named Pompeii and Herculaneum.  They would be dedicated to being elite towns for the wealthy and powerful of Rome.  However they would make the mistake of colonizing a region near the active volcano, Mt Vesuvius.  In their time geology would not exist, thus they would conceive their world in terms of gods, superstition, magic, and Greek beliefs.  The volcano would go active and would erupt suddenly in a catastrophic blast.  In 79 AD, the people of these towns would be going about their daily lives.  Then all of a sudden the volcano would blast destroying the cities almost instantaneously.  It would bury them in volcanic ash so quickly the people could not escape in time.  Instead they would die being overwhelmed by ash, being frozen in time.  For ages after the land would lay neglected, but in time it would get excavated revealing the epic nightmare that happened almost 2000 years ago.

——-Latin would use a number system like I is 1, II is 2, III is 3, IV is 4, and V is 5 called 'Roman numerals'.  It would be used for ages as the mathematical system of Rome.  In time it would be supplanted by the number system 0123456789 which forms the basis of English and modern mathematics.  Roman numerals are taught as a curiosity in connection with mathematics.

Latin is the language of the Roman Empire.  It is a melodic tongue that would shape the Roman world for centuries.  Rome would be a conquering empire, subjugating neighboring states, kingdoms, tribes, and empires into its domineering world mainly based in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.  It would impose its culture in the form of its language of Latin on the local peoples.  Out of this would come a blending of local languages with Latin producing the Romance languages (of Rome).  Latin would undergo change and reinvention in time manifesting as languages like:

-French -Romansch -Italian -Portuguese -Spanish -Catalan -Provencal -Neapolitan -Galician -Castilian, and many others.  Many Latin like languages would die out while others would fluorish shaping ages like the Spanish Main, Portuguese empire, Italian Renaissance, etc.  Latin would impress on England through invasions, culture contacts, and impression where Latin words would be reinvented as English words.  Even though  Rome would die, Latin would survive on in the Romance languages being taught worldwide and being the main language of the Middle Ages.  It would gradually die out, surviving as a curiosity in colleges and being spoken in the city-state of Vatican city.

Rome would once occupy the island of Britain before there was an England.  In Roman times it was the colony of Britannia.  Here Romans would invade founding towns, fighting native tribes like Celts and Picts, attempting to dominate the land for Rome.  Rome would pullout as its empire crumbled due to war, incursion, and rebellion, finally abandoning Britannia to barbarians, native tribes, chaos, anarchy, and the like.  The land would descend into chaos in time finding reinvention as petty midieval kingdoms with invasions by other European peoples.  A town would be founded called Londinium serving as an epic center of life.  Roman influence still haunts the land in place names, Bath, Hadrian's wall, monuments, artifacts, and legacies of its age of Rome.

-Roman Britannia.  This age would last for five centuries till about 500 AD.  Here there would be no midieval castles, ruins, colleges, monasteries, nor anything else.  Rome would conquer the land, assimilating it as a province of Rome.  Here would be founded Roman towns like the village Londinium destined to become London, England.  Around the land would be Roman villages, forts, amphitheatres, temples to the gods, public baths, and monuments typical of Rome.  Rome would fight numerous wars subduing the natives called Picts or barbarians.  Rome could have subdued the whole island, but chose not.  Here they would build the epical Hadrian's Wall dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian as a line of forts.  This wall would survive the ages and in some sense it would become the border of Scotland and