Basket of Corruption over Six Continents

By Dr. Yash Paul Soni

This book is for everyone who’s struggling to find their place in the world. The preparation of this Souvenir Book of the “BASKET OF CORRUPTION OVER SIX CONTINENTS” has been a work of love. Anything worthwhile is worth suffering for. In the past ten years, I have practiced a style of research that relies heavily on dialogues and discussions with individuals and especially when you are travelling abroad and playing Golf with many people, having discussions with group of people. Most of my insights and ideas originated and were further refined in those intellectual encounters.

I have worked hard and long to find authentic material and collect data. In seeking out with curious eye the meat and bone of the past and present I have learned to love even more the quality of corruption which exist in this world.

I present the History of Corruption around the world with deep sorrow and sadness that when a seed is planted in the ground (Corruption) germination happens. Germination is the process in which a seed changes from a state of dormancy to a growing living Plant (corruption). Corruption is very prevalent around the world, it is like an epidemic which has a major effect on the growth of the country.

I present the History of Corruption and the accounts of events which takes place on each continent of this universe. This book will engender a greater appreciation of the past and a more respectful approach to the future.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris UK
• Release date: Apr 29, 2020
• ISBN: 9781984593993

Dr. Yash Paul Soni

I was born before in the city of Shimla, the official summer capital of the British Raj in India. My father had moved there just before India secured independence from a small village called Nalagarh to start his own business as a textile merchant and to provide a better standard of living for his young family. Shimla was more like urban area. After completing my school education in Shimla, my parents moved to the capital of India called Delhi, and I moved with them to the capital New Delhi to attend Delhi University, graduating in 1966. After completing my studies, for two years I worked for a major investment bank in their international trading division as one of the senior officer, but the reward wasn’t good enough. I decided to move, and after leaving, I started an export/import business in textiles with very limited capital. In this business, there was a great deal of travelling to the Far East and Europe. By the late 1970s, I owned a number of retail shops in Regent Street, London, which led to my business expanding to import/export retail products internationally. Simultaneously, I started a care home business in the UK, which at its peak, comprised of six care homes with £5 million turnover. I have built up a small property portfolio for rental purposes. Thanks to the management team that I have trained over the last few years, today I am able to overlook all my interests without having to be involved on a day-to-day basis. Since semiretiring, I have pursued my passion for golf, and in the interest of philanthropy, in 2005 I founded the annual Yash International Charity Golf Day in aid of Cancer Research UK and have been a successful fund-raiser for this charity ever since. This year we celebrated eleven years since its inception. Over the last four years, I have been awarded PHD from USA and never thought this experience would be the catalyst for this book. As you can imagine, all my business activities spanning the last four decades have required a great deal of commercial restructuring. With all that I have personally sacrificed over four decades, I decided to put my own experience in the public domain so people can learn and see how they can improve and restructure their businesses for commercial benefit and for the stakeholders. Today’s business world is faced with an increasing number of factors across a broad range of industries. Increasing competition, overseas production, technological change, and global economic change can all contribute to a crisis situation with serious operational and financial challenges. Restructuring I call it solution (a very viable tool) and it is always a win-win situation. In a situation where a company is going through complex business problems, it helps to boost their performance, also enhancing enterprise’s value and optimize their competitive edge. In the face of rapid globalization, the fundamental objective of corporate restructuring is to reposition an organization against the high tide of business failure and maximize shareholder value. I am sharing what I have learned in my own experience in the real world. Restructuring is a way to go forward; it is the survival kit. When the companies are heading towards failure.

Book preview

BASKET OF

CORRUPTION

OVER SIX CONTINENTS

Dr. Yash Paul Soni

Copyright © 2020 by Dr. Yash Paul Soni.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.

Rev. date: 04/29/2020

Xlibris

800-056-3182

www.Xlibrispublishing.co.uk

802900

PREFACE

This book is for everyone who’s struggling to find their place in the world. The preparation of this Souvenir Book of the BASKET OF CORRUPTION OVER SIX CONTINENTS has been a work of love. Anything worthwhile is worth suffering for. In the past ten years, I have practiced a style of research that relies heavily on dialogues and discussions with individuals and especially when you are travlling abroad and playing Golf

With many people, having discussions with Group of people. Most of my insights and ideas originated and were further refined in those intellectual encounters.

I have worked hard and long to find authentic material and collect data. In Seeking out with curious eye the meat and bone of the past and present I have learned to love even more the quality of corruption which exist in this world.

I Present the History of corruption around the world with deep sorrow and sadness that when a seed is planted in the ground (Corruption) germination happens. Germination is the process in which a seed changes from a state of dormancy to a growing living Plant (corruption). Corruption is very prevalent around the world, it is like an epidemic which has a major effect on the growth of the country.

I present the History of Corruption and the accounts of events which takes place on each continent of this universe. This book will engender a greater appreciation of the past and a more respectful approach to the future.

This book endeavors to present my thought process in a form that can be digested over a period of years. Read and reread these accounts. Your children will peruse these pages in the years to come to their advantage, as how to eradicate this epidemic of corruption. My aim is not only to offer a unified view of Corruption in our society around the world, but also to develop a coherent, systemic approach to some of the critical issues of our time, how to eradicate corruption in this world.

The economic effect of this epidemic is so immense, is effecting each country in its progress. Because of this, Poorer are getting poorer and richer are getting richer.!!!

In my book, I discussed both my experiences by researching and reading the comments of the people who suffer in their own land. This book can also be read separately for each continent as prompted by the concern and interests of the reader. They will be able to understand how the corruptions is changing the world, also changing their life in their own country.

I have written this book for one reason; to offer sense of hope, for the people who are helpless, ineffective feel small and they need to be empowered to fight corruption with conviction and agility.

In presenting this book to the public I hope and pray that you will look benignly and forgivingly on all the errors and ommisions that it may contain. I have attempted with utmost care to be factual and correct. There are several things that it could or should contain, but time waits for no man- and this book had to come to an end in order to be published.

Last but not least, I wish to express my deep gratitude to my family members, for their patience and understanding during many months of strenuous work. Both my Grand kids have given their blessing and written their small inscription for me. Sure you will enjoy their love for their Grandfather.

My grandfather is my role model, my inspiration and (might I say) a very handsome gentleman. He has taught me the ways of the world and how to approach any situation with serenity and tranquillity. He has always believed in me and supported me through through thick and thin. The reason I am where I am today is because of my grandfather; his wise words and his astute decisions have shaped me and my future. My successes have only been achievements because of his constant support behind me - even when he is thousands of miles away. Not to mention how my grandfather is always up to date with the latest social platforms and the new trends as he gallivants around the Globe bringing me back souvenirs each time. Perhaps my favourite moments are when we go out to lunch and talk endlessly, the conversation never ceasing to end and I think to myself, I must certainly be the luckiest girl to have a grandfather like mine!

Arya Soni, aged 14

My beloved Grandfather who I call Dadaji has been teaching me so many valuable lessons since I can remember; whether it be about our shared love of the game of Golf or how to be the perfect gentleman. He has always been the one to help and be there for me. I have been away on multiple occasions with my Dadaji on golf holidays and I wholeheartedly credit him for making my game the standard it is today. As soon as I was born he nicknamed me ‘Tiger’ after the great Tiger Woods because he has always believed I can be as good. My Dadaji has always shown resilience and patience when teaching me, even on those occasions where I have not been able to grasp the skill the first time. Moreover, he has taught me so much to make me a perfect gentleman and I am constantly complemented on my manners. I am so proud of how talented and successful he is, yet how modest and humble he always still acts. I love you Dadaji.

Ansh Soni, aged 11

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

& ENDORSEMENT

As both a lawyer and avid reader, I can say with total honesty my father has surpassed all expectations in this third book he has published. It provides an absolutely fascinating insight into how prevalent and deeply entrenched corruption remains throughout the world and the potential solutions available to try and control this worldwide issue. It will certainly open any reader’s eyes to the unpublicised reality of the unseen side of the global economy which affects most humans. I have witnessed first-hand what a labour of love writing this book has been for my father as he had to repeatedly discard months of painstaking research and drafting due to geo-political influences and changes rendering his original drafts redundant. I will never cease to admire my father’s determined work ethic and motivation behind all the challenges he sets himself. My father and his achievements are becoming no less impressive; especially his fundraising activities on behalf of Cancer Research UK. It is his selfless actions which continue to inspire us and strive to emulate him whenever possible. My father has always set the bar very high and as a family, we are all extremely proud of him for all his hard work and research which the world will now benefit from. As I write, the world is currently in the grips of the Coronavirus and I hope the dark forces of corruption will not detract from a vaccine being developed. Thank you for your interest in reading about this subject matter, which I cannot recommend highly enough. ( AKASH )

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 :   INTRODUCTION

1.1.    Direct And Indirect Factors Promoting Corruption

1.1. Direct Factors

1.1.2.    Taxation

1.1.3.    Spending Decisions

1.1.4.    Financing Parties

1.2.    Indirect Factors

1.2.2.    Level Of Public Sector Wages

1.2.3.    Penalty Symbols

1.2.4.    Transparency Of Rules, Laws, And Processes

1.3.    The State Of Corruption Around The World In 2019

1.3.1.    The State’s Role In The Fight Against Corruption

CHAPTER 2 :   CORRUPTION IN AFRICA

2.1.    Statistics Of Corruption In Africa

2.1.1.    Some Interesting Stats About African Corruption

2.2.    Corruption On The Rise In Africa

2.2.1.    Most African Governments Have Failed In Their Fight Against Corruption

2.2.2.    Police And Private Sector Seen As Most Corrupt Sector In Africa

2.2.3.    Corruption In Africa Affects More Than One In Every Five Africans And Hurts The Poor Most

2.2.4.    The Highest Rate Of Bribery Is Found In The Police And Courts

2.2.5.    Most Africans Feel Unable To Fight Corruption

2.2.6.    The Anti-Corruption Fight Is Indeed Possible

2.2.7.    Rate Of Corruption-Related Crime

2.3.    Corruption In The Economy Sector

2.4.    The Church’s Role In Combating Corruption In Africa

2.5.    Education Sector Stagnant Because Of Corruption

2.6.    Corruption In Law Enforcement Agencies

2.7.    Political Corruption In Africa

2.8.    Afflictions Of Corruption In The Agricultural Sector

2.9.    Who Is Affected The Most

2.10.    Is There Anything That Can Be Done To Stop It?

2.11.    Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 :   CORRUPTION IN EUROPE

3.1.    Statistics Of Corruption In Europe

3.2.    What Is At Stake?

3.3.    Corruption In The Private Sector

3.4.    Afflictions In The Political Sphere

3.5.    Trade And Economy

3.6.    Private Sector Under Corruption

3.7.    Business Integrity

3.8.    Financial Integrity

3.9.    Research And Reporting

3.10.    Policies Stipulated By Legal Frameworks Against Corruption

3.11.    Brexit

3.12.    Uk’s Exit From The European Union

3.13.    Why Is The Brexit Deal Delayed?

3.14.    The Irish Border And The Brexit Deal

3.14.1.    Equity Market As A Good Measure Of The Impact Of Brexit

3.15.    Conclusion

CHAPTER 4 :   CORRUPTION IN ASIA

4.1.    Effects Of Corruption On The Economy Of Asia

4.2.    Politics In Asia

4.3.    Education Sector Deteriorates Under Corruption

4.4.    Poverty Gap On The Rise Caused By Corruption

4.5.    Agriculture And Corruption

4.6.    Corruption In The Private Sector

4.7.    Crime Caused By Corruption

4.8.    Defence System Under Bribery Scheme

4.9.    Horse-Trading

4.10.    Corruption In Election In India

4.11.    Corruption In Politics In Japan

4.12.    Corruption In Politics In South Korea

4.13.    Good Anti-Bribery Practice

4.14.    Integrate Anti-Corruption War With Sustainable Development Goals

4.15.    Manifestation Of Political Corruption In Asia

4.16.    Institutional Corruption Among Asian Nations

4.17.    Corruption Among Government Officials And Leaders In Asia

4.18.    State Of Corruption Among Nations In Asia

4.19.    Discourse Reforms On Corruption In Asian Countries

4.20.    Impact Of Law In Corruption Among Asian Countries

4.21.    The Public Attitude Towards Corruption In Asia

4.23.    Effects Of Corruption In Asia

4.24.    Recommendations On Ways To Curb Corruption In Asia

4.25.    Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 :   CORRUPTION IN NORTH AMERICA

5.1.    Statistics Of Corruption Cases In Mexico

5.1.1.    Reason For The Increase In Corruption In Mexico

5.2.    Statistics Of Corruption Cases In The United States Of America

5.2.1.    Summary Of The Report Of Corruption In The United States Of America

5.2.2.    Activities Of Foreign Lobbyists Giving Money To Influence Election And Legislation In The Us

5.3.    Statistics Of Corruption Cases In Canada

5.3.1.    Summary Of The Report Of Corruption In Canada

5.4.    Political Corruption In North America

5.4.1.    Cia And Fbi Bribing People To Get To The Information Overseas

5.4.2.    Corruption Robs Citizens Of Resources

5.4.3.    Hollow Schemes

5.4.4.    Corruption Threatens Safety

5.4.5.    Corruption Fosters Impunity

5.4.6.    Corruption Breaks Down The Rule Of Law

5.4.7.    Corruption Promotes Political Apathy

5.7.    Economy And Trade Afflicted By Corruption

5.8.    Corruption Creates Artificially High Prices For Low-Quality Products And Services

5.8.1.    Resources Are Inefficiently Allocated

5.8.2.    Economies Experience Uneven Distribution Of Wealth

5.8.3.    Existence Of A Shadow Economy (Shadow Market)

5.8.4.    Low Attractiveness For International Trade And Foreign Investors

5.8.5.    Education And Healthcare Are Low Quality

5.9.    Corruption-Related Criminal Activities

5.9.1.    Bribery

5.9.2.    Trading In Influence

5.9.3.    Patronage

5.9.4.    Nepotism And Cronyism

5.9.5.    Electoral Fraud

5.9.6.    Embezzlement

5.9.7.    Kickbacks

5.9.8.    Human Trafficking, Weapon Trafficking, And Drug Trafficking

5.9.9.    Drug Abuse And Trafficking In North America

5.10.    Leadership And Private Sectors Under Corruption

5.11.    Corruption In The Agricultural Sector

5.12.    Measures Taken To Curb The Vice

5.12.1.    Curb Corruption By Ending Impunity

5.12.2.    Reforming Finance Management And Public Administration

5.12.3.    Promoting Transparency And Access To Information

5.12.4.    Empowering Citizens

5.12.5.    Closing International Loopholes

5.12.6.    Increasing Judicial Independence

5.12.7.    Bringing Transparency To Public Contracting

5.12.8.    Getting Dirty Money Out Of Politics

CHAPTER 6 :   CORRUPTION IN SOUTH AMERICA

6.1.    Corruption In Ecuador

6.2.    Corruption In Suriname

6.3.    Corruption In Guyana

6.4.    Corruption In Venezuela

6.5.    Downsides Of Business Under Corruption

6.6.    Corruption In The Private Sector

6.7.    Education Badly Affected By Corruption

6.7.1.    List Of Education Areas Badly Affected By Corruption

6.8.    Crime In Latin America Due To Corruption

6.9.    Poverty Line Rises Majored By Corruption Cases

6.10.    Battles To End Corruption In Latin America

6.11.    Curb Corruption By Ending Impunity

6.11.1.    Reforming Finance Management And Public Administration

6.11.2.    Promoting Transparency And Access To Information

6.11.3.    Empowering Citizens

6.11.4.    Closing International Loopholes

6.11.5.    Increasing Judicial Independence

CHAPTER 7 :   CORRUPTION IN AUSTRALIA

7.1.    Private And Public Sector Involved In Corruption

7.1.1.    Legal System

7.1.2.    Police

7.1.3.    Open Services

7.1.4.    Land Administration

7.1.5.    Expense Administration

7.1.6.    Customs Administration

7.1.7.    Open Procurement

7.1.8.    Normal Resources

7.1.9.    Common Society

7.2.    Corruption And Leadership—Trust In The Government Falls In Australia

7.3.    Economy Sector Afflicted By Corruption In Australia

7.3.1.    High Prices For Low Quality

7.3.2.    Inefficiently Allocated Resources

7.3.3.    Uneven Distribution Of Wealth

7.3.4.    Low Stimulus For Technology

7.3.5.    A Shadow Economy Exists

7.3.6.    Low Foreign Investment And Trade

7.3.7.    Poor Education And Healthcare

7.3.8.    Foundation

7.3.9.    Government Methodology

7.3.10.    Administrative Methodology

7.3.11.    Open Market Methodology

7.4.    Education Sector Nabbed By The Vice In Australia

7.4.1.    Spending Cuts

7.4.2.    High Staff Turnover

7.4.3.    Market Saturation

7.5.    The Rise Of Continuous Learning

7.5.1.    An Evolving Job Market

7.6.    Corruption In The Agricultural Sector In Australia

7.6.1.    Absence Of Viable Commission Helps Corruption Commonness In Australia

7.7.    Measures By The Anti-Corruption Organisation In Australia

7.7.1.    Protected Shields

CHAPTER 8 :   TECHNOLOGIES TO FIGHT

AGAINST CORRUPTION

8.1.    New Technological Innovations To Fight Corruption

8.1.2.    Big Data

8.1.3.    Artificial Intelligence

8.1.4.    Mobile Application Technology

8.1.5.    Whistle-Blowing Tools Technology

8.1.6.    Data-Mining Technology To Fight Against Corruption

8.2.    Transparency Portals

8.3.    Crowdsourcing Platforms

8.4.    Conclusion

CHAPTER 9 :   CONCLUSION

9.1.    Africa Fighting Corruption

9.2.    Asia’s War On Corruption

9.3.    Europe’s Fight Against Corruption

9.4.    North And South America’s War On Corruption

9.5 Australia Fighting The Vice Of Corruption

CHAPTER 10 :   REFERENCES

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Corruption has been there since the beginning of time, and it has been accelerating dangerously over the past few years. It’s impossible to measure corruption, but some institutions have been able to come up with perception indices. Most people see the dark side of corruption, but some economists say that corruption is very important and is of the essence to the functioning of the economy. What is corruption anyway? There is no known definition of corruption since there is always a missing aspect in any definition ever given. You can define it, however, as a non-compliance intention with a close relationship aimed at getting some undeserved benefit for oneself or people we deem more important than others. Indeed, it’s a mouthful of words! However, we can just go with the World Bank’s definition, ‘abuse of public power for public benefit’. Let me give you