Homeopathic Medicine For Everyone, Dr. Kuhns System

By Bradley Kuhns

This book is a study course for anyone interested in Homeopathic Medicine. It is an excellent aid for the student and a good reference guide for the homeopathic practitioner. Doctor Kuhns put lifetime of his experience into three sections. He covers areas as: anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis and disease and treatment. He also provides a quick reference guide and a quick reference repertory. The repertory contains over 465 medical conditions.
As with most of Dr. Kuhns study books, he presents the material in very easy to understand, and very easy to read format.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Bradley Kuhns
• Release date: Jul 6, 2021
• ISBN: 9781005693428

Bradley Kuhns

Brad graduated through three colorful careers during his life. From the entertainment world, to the law enforcement profession, and eventually working as a professional in the alternative medicine field. Brad has authored numerous books and manuals sharing his knowledge, skills, and expertise with others worldwide.Brad had an incredible career in the entertainment world and quickly shot to fame. Between performances, he was rubbing shoulders and becoming friends with the likes of America's biggest stars: Elvis, Frank Sinatra and the Rat Pack,Nat King Cole and daughter Natalie, Frankie Laine, Lucille Ball, Dinah Shore, and many other celebrities. Brad's music group, the "Encores," their electrifying stage presence, and his talents as a studio musician made him a Las Vegas staple.His second career in law enforcement allowed him to work alongside the elite ranks of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), Scientific Investigation Division. He utilized his acquired skills of investigation, interrogation, polygraph (lie detection), and forensic hypnosis, clinical hypnosis to assist not only the LAPD, but other federal agencies as well, to solve some of the most heinous crimes perpetrated in America. He eventually turned whistleblower to clean up areas within the LAPD.By Brad's third career change, he had earned two professional doctorate degrees, one in clinical psychology and the second as a licensed doctor of Oriental Medicine. He maintained a private marriage family therapy practice while continuing to use his unique skills as a consultant in assisting federal agencies in resolving crimes nationwide.Dr. Kuhns is an internationally recognized forensic hypnotherapist, psychotherapist and motivational builder who has used and shared his unique approaches and techniques both in private practice and as an adviser and consultant to many professionals, stars, entertainers and well-known personalities throughout the world.

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HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE

FOR

EVERYONE

Dr. Kuhns System

By

Bradley W. Kuhns, Ph.D., O.M.D.

ISBN: 978-0-9832380-5-8

Copyright© 2010

By Dr. Bradley W. Kuhns, All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including but not limited to, photocopy, recording, e-mail or any informational retrieval system, and/or the internet, without express permission of the author, Dr. Bradley W. Kuhns

Digital book(s) (epub and mobi) produced by: Kimberly A. Hitchens, [e-mail]

HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE

FOR

EVERYONE

(Dr Kuhns System)

SECTION 1

Dr. Kuhns

Essentials of Homeopathy

Made Easy

AUTHOR’S NOTE

___________

The author is not dispensing specific or general information to be taken as medical advice. For sound medical advice and opinions the individual should consult a licensed practitioner in the specific field of choice.

Acknowledgements

This information is dedicated to a much happier and healthier life for every person on this planet. In addition, I would like to acknowledge indebtedness to some of my instructors and mentors over the years, who were kind enough to share and impart their expert knowledge with me during my training in psychotherapy and oriental medicine.

I express my thanks to William J. Bryan, Jr., M.D., who beginning in 1964, and over a number of years, shared his expertise in the art and science of acupuncture, oriental medicine and hypnotherapy. His expertise and guidance provided me an opportunity to approach life utilizing an alternative means for better health care.

Finally, it would not be complete without mentioning the excellent instruction I received from Dr. Nguyen Van Nghi, Dr. Chong Yu-Ming, and Dr. Kok-Yuen Leung. During the years between 1978 and 1980, I had the opportunity to gain experience in advanced oriental medicine techniques which were taught by these three experts in the field. Many of the theories, concepts, and principals which I use today, in everyday practice, is founded and grounded in their very unique approach to oriental medicine. Thus, it is hoped that I can now pass on some of my gained knowledge to others interested in this growing and fascinating field of study. - - Bradley Kuhns, Ph.D., O.M.D.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Author's Favorite Motto

Message From The Author

Essentials of Homeopathy

I.Introduction to Homeopathy

1.1Homeopathy

1.2Vital Force

II.A Word on Etiology - Pathology - Diagnosis

2.1Etiology

2.2Pathology

2.3Diagnosis

2.4Lets take a history

2.5Some Important Abbreviations

2.5.1Some Important Abbrevaitions

2.5.2Abbreviations

2.5.3Important Weights

III.The General Physical Examination

3.1The Patient’s Physical Signs

3.2It’s Time To Take The Temperature

3.3Don’t Forget To Check The Pulse

3.4What About Respiration

3.5The Tongue

IV.Food and Diet

4.1Tea and Coffee

4.2Rules ƒor Combining Foods

4.3Some Helpful Hints To Remember

V.Vitamins Can Be a Big Help

5.1Is Fasting A Way To Go?

5.2Weight

5.3Urine

5.3.1Color Oƒ Urine

5.3.2Quantity Of Urine

5.3.3Specific Gravity Of Urine

5.3.4Reaction Of Urine

5.3.5Urea

5.3.6Acetone

5.3.7Diacetic Acid

5.3.8Uric Acid

5.3.9Casts

5.3.10Calcium Oxalate

5.4Blood Pressure And How Determined

VI.Important Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

6.1Cells of the Body

6.2Differentiation and Specialization of Cells

6.3Human Body Development and Its Formation

6.4Osteology

6.4.1The Skull

6.5The Thorax

6.6The Upper Extremities

6.7The Lower Extremities

6.8The Spinal Column

6.9The Muscular System

6.9.1Muscles Of The Head And Face

6.9.2Muscles Of The Neck

6.9.3Muscles Qf The Thorax

6.9.4Muscles Of The Chest

6.9.5Muscles Of The Abdomen

6.9.6Muscles Of The Back

6.9.7The Muscles Oƒ The Upper Extremitíes

6.9.8The Muscles Of The Lower Extremities

6.9.9Muscles Of The Perineum

6.10The Circulatory System

6.10.1The Heart

6.10.2Arteries

6.10.3Veins

6.10.4The Capillaries

6.10.5The Blood

6.11The Respiratory System.

6.12The Digestive System

6.12.1The Stomach

6.12.2The Small Intestine

6.12.3The Large Intestine

6.12.4The Teeth

6.13The Excretory System

6.13.1Kidneys

6.13.2The Skin

6.14The Nervous System

6.15The Cerebro-Spinal System

6.15.1The Brain

6.15.2The Spinal Cord

6.16The Nerves

6.17The Glandular System

6.18The Endocrine System

6.19Membranes Of The Body

6.20Adipose Tissue

6.21The Organs Of Special Sense

6.22The Reproductive System

VII.Body Manipulation

7.1First, A Word on Lesions

7.2Inspection of the Spine

7.3Examination oƒ the Spine

7.4The Spinal Nerves and Organs and Areas which they Supply

7.5Lets Locate Different Vertebrae

7.6Mechanotherapy

7.6.1Neck

7.6.2Shoulder

7.6.3Elbow

7.6.4Chest

7.6.5Spine

7.6.6Abdomen

7.6.7Hips

7.6.8Knee

7.6.9Ankle

7.7Tui-na and Massage Techniques

7.7.1Effleurage (Stroking)

7.7.2Friction (Rubbing)

7.7.3Petrissage (Kneading)

7.7.4Tapotement (Percussion)

7.7.5Vibration (Shaking and Trembling)

7.7.6Working the Joints

7.7.7Working the Muscles

7.7.8Working the Nerves

7.7.9Working the Abdomen

7.7.10Working the Large Intestine

7.7.11Working the Chest

7.7.12Working the Back

7.7.13Working of the Legs

7.7.14Working the Arms and Fingers

7.7.15Working the Throat

VIII.Additional Therapy Techniques

8.1Electrotherapy

8.1.1Galvanic

8.1.2Static

8.1.3High Frequency

8.1.4Diathermy

8.1.5Sinusodial Current

8.2Spinal Concussion

8.3Artificial Light

8.4Therapeutic Exercises

IX.Disease and Suggested Treatment

9.1Acute Diseases

9.2Anemia

9.3Appendicitis

9.4Arteriosclerosis

9.5Asthma

9.6Auto-Intoxication

9.7Bright’s Disease

9.8Catarrh

9.9Constipation

9.10Diabetes

9.11Emaciation

9.12Gallstones

9.13Goiter

9.14Heart Diseases

9.15Hemorrhoids (Piles)

9.16High Blood Pressure

9.17Liver Diseases

9.18Nervousness & Stress

9.19Neurasthenia

9.20Neuritis

9.21Obesity

9.22Rheumatism

9.23Sciatica

9.24Skin Diseases

9.25Stomach Diseases

9.26Tuberculosis

ESSENTIALS OF HOMEOPATHY

Made Easy

By Dr. Bradley W. Kuhns

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Bradley Kuhns completed advanced studies in Oriental and Herbal Medicine and is a licensed acupuncturist physician and psychotherapist. He earned his degree as Doctor of Oriental Medicine from Samra University of Oriental Medicine, which is the oldest Oriental Medical University in the United States. Dr. Kuhns has also shared in the pioneering of specialized hypnotic techniques and is recognized as an authority in the fields of therapeutic and forensic hypnosis. He is recognized as a respected psychotherapist, bio-feedback therapist and an accomplished oriental medicine practitioner.

Dr. Kuhns has used and shared his approach and techniques of Homeopathic, Naturopathic, Oriental Medicine and Psychotherapy both in private practice and as an advisor and consultant to many professionals, stars, entertainers and well known personalities throughout the world. He is also author of several books relating to the health care field in such topics as Psychotherapy, Hypnosis, Homeopathic, Naturopathic and Oriental Medicine.

Dr. Kuhns has an extensive background in the human behavioral and health related fields. He has testified in court and/or acted as a consultant over the years in matters pertaining to his various fields of expertise. He has also had the privilege of studying under and contributing both materials and ideas with such notables as William J. Bryan, Jr., M.D. in Los Angeles, California and Milton Erickson, M.D., in Phoenix, Arizona and Dr. Nguyen Van Nghi. Dr. Chong Yu-Ming, Dr. Kok-Yuen Leung, Steven Chen, Ph.D., E.G. Williamson, D.C., and Hsiao-Pao Li, M.D., D.O.M.

The desire of the author is that this work may furnish knowledge to the reader which will create sufficient exercise to cultivate each branch selected under its adopted name. You may take away everything from a man, but give him opportunity.

ONE OF THE AUTHORS FAVORITE MOTTOS

Ease and simplicity is advantageous to everyone.

The natural universe and nature is a persons leader,

Truth should be everyone’s philosophy.

Fresh air, sun and natures bounty is one‘s greatest physician,

Inner harmony and peacefulness is an every day prescription,

Everything in moderation is one’s best dietician,

Even temper and happiness is my latest game,

Let me show you how to play.

Dr. Bradley W. Kuhns

A MESSAGE FROM DR. KUHNS

To begin-the word practitioner that is used herein is interchangable with such word(s) as: person(s), individual’s, private practitioners, professional health care providers, clinics, etc.-

The practitioner is meant to be you, the person who is actually using this exciting, interesting and innovative method of health care.

The general arrangement of the subject matter, as indicated by the order of chapters, is in conformity with what seems to be more convenient for the readers to enable them to understand why I think certain things are essential for man’s health, happiness and success.

I have endeavored to describe the behavior of a man and his mental and physical phenomena as energy transformation, and as it applies to dynamic equilibrium need for the process of life.

In this endeavor, I maintain that mind, body and society should go hand in hand; and with such a belief, it seems that knowledge of psychology, biology, physiology, anatomy, sociology, and practically all ologies are essential to a comprehensive understanding of man’s mental, physical and social aspect of life.

These chapters are not recommended as a substitute for the large work which each subject requires for study in detail, but merely as a means of supplying a foundation to which further knowledge can be added, by reference to more extensive and comprehensive text-books.

It is difficult to bring detailed explanation, yet keep the size of a book within reasonable limits. As you read each chapter, you will acquire information which gives you knowledge of how to create other things which are not in the chapter. I have tried to bring to the readers the best that science can give. In doing this, I have been required to learn about the experimental work of many scientists. Through their original work and the explanation by other authors of the same work, I gladly acknowledge my obligation to most of these men and women. For nearly every aspect of the experimental subjects, bibliographies already exist; therefore the list of references has been omitted.

It has been said that information based on experiences is worth more than opinions founded on theory. All knowledge is relative. Therefore, advice should be subject to the acid test of application before it can be valued. For instance, physiology should be regarded as the guiding light which can help man to find better and easier ways to understand the functions of the body. If he will apply the knowledge thus gained correctly, it will enable him to solve many requirements of his body’s needs. Therefore, health will be the result.

Let us illustrate this meaning. Suppose we use the knowledge that physiology gives us, as a road map which points the best and easiest road to a certain place. We know very well that the map will not get us there, but will show the best roads, provided we know how to read it.

Many of our modern laboratory technicians are using the map which they cannot read. There are many things that cannot be tested nor seen through the microscope. Man must lift himself up to the level where all things created have their place, and there, by his knowledge, he will be able to segregate that which is necessary for his daily existence. This can be accomplished by only the individual that is developing the thinking faculty, which enables him to appreciate the profound aspect of learning and to realize his own potential divinity. This makes man comprehend his unity with the omnipotent, which will harmonize himself with his needs and satisfaction of these will inspire him to greater achievement. Thus far scientists have been unable to create thought by rearranging the atoms; thought must harmonize with the body and society.

Let us see how others think of what harmony and inspiration are. Harmony-the just adaptation of parts to each other in any system or combination of systems or in things intended to form a connected whole. To produce unity of effect; to agree in action, adaptation, or effect of the mind, to adjust in fit proportion.

Inspiration-Supernatural influence which qualifies men to receive and communicate divine Truth. Act or power of exercising and elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect or emotion. (Webster.)

All great books of merit, which are for the betterment of mankind, have encouragement of inspiration and harmony. Since harmony itself is very inspiring, likewise inspiration must be harmonious in its nature. Therefore, I have incorporated in this one volume many subjects which are fundamental for physical existence as well as for inspiration and personal harmony-how to supply the physical needs; how to harmonize with one’s self, with his fellowman, and with other things which he contacts daily.

To accomplish these things, it is necessary to call your attention to various bodily functions in their normal and abnormal states and the fields of man’s activities in his own sphere, and the sphere of society through which he develops his powers to their greatest capacity. This is essential for one who desires to be healthy, happy and successful and to know how to harmonize and to be inspired by the finer forces of nature and art. Therefore, the primal importance of this book is to help everyone who so desires, to awaken the latent powers that lie within himself.

The understanding of relationship between mind and body, and their unity with the universe in general, are no longer embryonic. Man today is running to and fro in his search for knowledge more than ever before. There is joy in understanding. Therefore, I ask the readers to follow the requirements outlined in this book for best results. The body will be stronger and healthier with greater endurance. The power of will will be strengthened. The thinking mechanism will be set in the right direction. However, the reader must remember that this book in no way possesses thinking ability. It cannot think for him, nor can it eat food or do the exercises. Each individual mind must do its own thinking, and perform its own body motions, etc.

The mental power we use daily is merely a fraction of the whole mind. So, do not think that you may use up all of its resources. Man’s mind is equipped with many faculties, and his education has developed some of them to a greater degree than others. Also his occupation has developed his body uniquely. In many cases, much is required of reason and judgment. When it comes to social requirement, one should be wide awake when rendering a decision, A person with a delicate taste often feels strongly, and care must be taken not to over- or under-estimate a thing. My desire is to have this book be a teacher in self-culture, a practical and scientific work, to arouse interest in the subjects contained herein, and to stimulate inquiry of the right procedure for housewives, mothers, fathers, school children and grownups, as well as retired business men.

Technical terms and needless details I have tried to avoid whenever opportunity allowed. Reading is an art. Learn to read, to acquire knowledge, not merely to pass time. Think as you read. Rapid reading does not allow the mind to concentrate upon the subject. Without concentration, the mind cannot extract the philosophy the subject contains. There is a difference between a student and merely a reader. A student concentrates, but the rapid reader merely muddles through. Those things that require practical exercise and right chemical combinations should be done systematically and accurately.

The knowledge outlined herein explains how to use the mind in the most effective manner; and when applied with confidence and intelligence, can solve many personal problems which will enable one to seize his best opportunities for health, happiness and success.

My method of helping humanity is not new, but it is true that I have a method of presenting it in a scientific and constructive way which has never been used before. Truth is, that EVERYTHING WAS AND ALWAYS WILL BE; therefore no method can make it new-it’s new only in the combination and presentation. You should learn to utilize this to the best of your ability. Most men are like microbes-they insist upon fighting, and practically everything they do results in destruction, either of themselves or of some other creatures about them. Let us realize that we are not the only things God created on the earth.

Touching on a bit of oriental philosophy I would like to say after you utilize the knowledge herein, you will understand much, just as the little chick does when it breaks through the self-centered isolation of its shell. The hard shell which covered the embryo was not really a part of its life; the surrounding shell is dead material and has no growth value; it affords no glimpse whatever of the vast beyond which lies on the outside. However, perfect it may be, the chick must reach maturity and then strike the shell a blow, bursting through to freedom, where light and air and the complete purpose of life is achieved.

I wish to call to your attention the fact that sixty minutes make one hour, and twenty-four hours complete a day and night. Completeness of everything is merely a beginning of another thing to be completed also. Between man’s birth and death is completeness of his physical existence here. Therefore, he should live while he is here. That is, he should have health and happiness; he should be a friend to man, which will keep his conscience clear enough to sleep without a gun under his pillow. S/he should earn by doing unto others as s/he would have them do unto him/her, S/he should forget the mistakes of the past by learning to benefit in the future by them. S/he should keep themselves young enough to play and laugh with children, yet to have wisdom and sympathy enough to be considerate of old age. In cultivating such qualities, I hope this information will offer a helping hand to those that use it.

Learn the principles which are outlined, and think of the philosophy herein suggested. Use your knowledge wisely, and you will be glad about the day this information fell into your hands.

-Dr. Kuhns

ESSENTIALS OF HOMEOPATHY

MADE EASY

(For Clinical Practice)

Authors Notice: Information, techniques and procedures described herein are for informational purposes only. This information is designed in, around and for educational and research purposes for those persons who may use and/or are interested in the exciting alternative health care fields which may include but is not limited to the fields of Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Oriental Medicine, and Hypnotherapy.

This information can be construed as a teaching aid to a better understanding of alternative medicine. No specific or general therapeutic claims are made with regards to alternative medicine and how it reacts to any specific person since it is understood that each and every individuals personal makeup is entirely different from every other persons constitution on this planet.

Any alternative medicine techniques or advice is in no way to be considered a substitute for sound professional advice or assistance from a licensed professional in any particular field of interest.

INTRODUCTION TO HOMEOPATHY

By Dr. Bradley W. Kuhns

I.   INTRODUCTION TO HOMEOPATHY

To the Progressive Oriental Medicine

Practitioner/Acupuncturist

Naturopath, Homeopath and Other Interested Alternative

Health Care Person

There are two principal methods of treating disease. One is the combative and the other preventive. The trend of modern medical research and practice in our great Universities and endowed Research Institutions is almost entirely along combative lines, while the individual, progressive practitioner learns to work more and more along preventive lines. A slogan of modern medical science appears to be Kill the germ and cure the disease. The usual procedure is to wait until acute or chronic diseases have fully developed, and then, if possible, to subdue them by means of drugs, surgical operations, and by means of the morbid products of disease in the form of serums, antitoxins, vaccines, etc. The combative method fights disease with disease, poison with poisons, and germs with germs and germ products.

The preventive method does not wait until diseases have fully developed and gained the ascendancy in the body, but concentrates its best endeavors on preventing, by hygienic living and by natural methods of treatment, the development of diseases. By these it endeavors to put the human body In such a normal healthy condition that it is practically proof against infection or contagion by diseases, taints and ailments, and against the inroads of germs bacteria and parasites.

The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular? Which will stand the test of "The survival of the fittest? in the great struggle for existence?

The medical profession has good reason to be alarmed by the inroads made in its work by so-called irregular unorthodox systems, schools and alternatives of treating human ailments; but instead of raging at the audacious presumption of these interlopers, wouldn’t it be better to inquire if there is not some reason for the astonishing spread and popularity of these therapeutic innovations.

Their success undoubtedly is based on the fact that they concentrate their best efforts on prevention instead of combative methods of treating disease. People are beginning to realize that it is cheaper and more advantageous, to prevent disease than to cure it. To create and maintain continued, buoyant good health means greater efficiency for mental and physical work, greater capacity for the true enjoyment of life, and the best insurance against failure and poverty. Therefore, s/he who builds health is of greater value to humanity than s/he who allows people to drift into disease through ignorance of Nature’s laws, and then attempt to cure them by doubtful and uncertain combative methods.

It has been said that at one time in China the physician is hired and paid by the year: that he receives a certain stipend as long as the members of the family are in good health, but that the salary is suspended as long as one of his charges is ill. If some similar method of engaging the payment for medical services were in style in this country the trend of medical research and practice would soon undergo a radical change.

Naturopaths, Homeopaths and oriental medical practitioners/acupuncturists pay a great deal of attention to the pathological conditions or to the symptoms of disease. They also regulate the diet and habits of living on a natural basis, promote elimination, teach correct breathing and wholesome exercises, correct mechanical lesions of the spine and other bony structures, establish the right mental and emotional attitude, and in so far as they succeed in doing this, they build health and diminish the possibility of disease. This writer believes that the successful physician of the future will have to fall in line with the procession and do more teaching than prescribing.

I realize that many of the statements and claims made in this book will seem radical and irrational to those who have made a study with the regular school of medicine. They may say that my teachings, theories, principles, and ideas are contrary to the firmly established theories of medical science. All I ask of them is not to judge to hastily; to observe, to think, and to test, and I am certain that they will find verified in actual fact many of the teachings of the holistic and oriental philosophy. Medical science has had to abandon innumerable theories and practices which at one time were as firmly established as some of the pet theories of today.

By none of the statements in this book do I mean to deny the necessity of combative methods under certain circumstances. What I wish to emphasize is that the regular school of medicine is spending too much of its effort along combative lines and not enough along preventive. It would be foolish to deny the necessity of surgery in traumatism and in abnormal conditions which require medical means of adjustment or treatment.

Such necessity, for instance, would exist with regard to the treatment of germ diseases. As long as people persist in violating the laws of their being and thereby making their bodies prolific breeding grounds for disease, taints, germs and parasites which are bound to provoke inflammatory feverish processes (Nature’s cleansing and healing efforts), combative methods will have to be resorted to by the physician, and precautionary measures against infection will have to be observed, but these should be in harmony with nature’s endeavors, not contrary and suppressive; they should tend to conserve and not to destroy.

Natural Dietetics, Fasting, Hydropathy, Osteopathy, Tui~na/Massage, Mental Therapeutics, etc., are combative as well as preventive, but if properly applied they do not in any way injure the organism or interfere with Nature’s surgical and medical treatment of the old school of medicine. I criticise and condemn only those methods which are suppressive and destructive instead of curative.

In many instances already the warning and teaching of Naturopathy, Homeopathy, Oriental Medicine and Acupuncture philosophy have been verified and had to be acknowledged and accepted by medical science.

Note: For the sake of brevity and simplicity I will use the word Practitioner interchangeably throughout this book. This specific reference will apply to the following: The many alternative health Professionals, Naturopaths, Homeopaths, Acupuncturists and Oriental Medicine Practitioners.

Fundamentally, success depends on the ability to see and seize opportunities. Every disease is a separate and wonderful opportunity. Medicine has cured few diseases. Naturopathic, homeopathic and oriental methods of treatment has resolved many. Many are still to be counted as chronic. Every case is an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to heal some particular disease. Secondly, your success and your practice depend on your having a definite specific, clearly defined method of treating each case at the time you get it.

I would estimate that ninety per cent of the practitioners do not fully realize this truth and therefore fall short of the success they would otherwise achieve. They do not realize the full potential of Naturopathy, homeopathy and (TCM) Traditional Chinese Medicine. They do not realize its possibilities. They do not seize their opportunities. Therefore, your success depends on a full realization of the possibilities of naturopathy, homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine therapy.

I have attempted to revise and condense these lessons from my past experience and current training to their present and concrete form. They represent years of hard work and study and hopefully will afford you unlimited benefit. In addition, you will find these informative lessons presented in a plain every day english format so that you, the reader, will be able to absorb the information as quickly and efficiently as possible. Getting results will do at least three things for you:

1. Increase your personal power to heal.

2. Inspire patient and public confidence in your power to heal,

3. Generate greater energy and self-confidence within you.

HOMEOPATHY? WHY?

1.1   Homeopathy

HOMEOPATHY is one of the most scientific methods of giving medicine in cases of illness that the world has seen thus far! The method was first discovered by Doctor Samuel Hahnemann of Leipzig, Germany, in the year 1791:

Dr. Hahnemann was an orthodox medical doctor, and was a physician at the Leipzig hospital. He was also one of the outstanding scholars of his day; being able to speak nine languages which were; German, English, Arabic, Greek, Latin, French, Italian, Hebrew and Spanish. He also translated many medical books from his native German into those other languages; in fact it was when he was translating a medical book that he discovered the LAW of SIMILIA SIMILIBUS CURENTUR which means LIKE CURES LIKE SYMPTOMS.

People often ask Why is Homeopathy not better known?; but for an answer, you have only to understand the attitude of orthodox medicine to new things. In the past many medical men the world over were antagonistic to anything new; but that is breaking down today, and among doctors the present generation, they appear to be more favorably disposed towards new ideas.

HAHNEMANN WAS ONE OF THE FIRST MEN TO SUSPECT LIVING ORGANISMS AS A CAUSE OF

DISEASE. He was the first to condemn mixing a large variety of drugs in a single prescription. He was also the first doctor to demonstrate the error of opposing medicines to the symptoms of the patient, as though the symptoms were the disease, instead of being the products of disease and he tested many drugs upon himself, and his family. It was Hahnemann who made the first specific recognition that medicines are pathogenic (disease producing) and not beneficient in themselves, therefore if cure is to come from medicine, it can only come through curative vital reactions of the body. ONLY A SPIRITUALIZED MEDICINE can reach and be of assistance to the indwelling Spirit of a living body.

Hahnemann pointed out that there were three ways of using drugs … Homeopathic, Allopathic, and Antipathic; the Homeopathic is the pathy of likes, a medicine is given to a sick person because it has been found to produce a similar state in a healthy person; for instance, you can rapidly treat a case of dysentery by giving small doses of that violent poison, MERCURY CORROSIVE (MERC. COR.) for short; which produces symptoms like dysentery when taken in heavy doses by a healthy person. Here you are curing by the law of Likes. The Allopathic way of using medicines has no Law; It is based on tradition. Here a medicine is often prescribed which has no actual relation to the condition that calls for treatment. Allopathy often attacks a part of the body which is free from disease, as when an emetic is given to relieve a cold in the chest. That is an instance of Allopathic prescribing.

The Antipathic method does relate to the condition, but in exactly the opposite manner to the homeopathic. Here drugs are given that have an exactly opposite effect to the symptoms that the disease is producing. This seems like common sense, but it is universally found that such treatment is only palliative, and its effects temporary. In disease characterized by much pain, you may render the patient insensible to pain with morphine, but when the effect wears off, the pain is still there, often worse. You may dull a headache again and again with aspirin, but it returns again and again. But when you give Belladona for throbbing pains in the head, or Spigelia for piercing pains, you are giving a remedy that has produced such pains, AND YOU ARE treating the patient HOMEOPATHICALLY. And the stronger the likeness between the drug-headache and the natural headache, in regard to position, character, intensity, the more certain you are to get a good result from your prescription.

Homeopathy is not new. Hippocrates about 400 B.C. first suggested this pathy of likes, and propounded the law, Similia Similibus Curentur, (let likes be treated by likes). Hahnemann was not only a great scientist, but also a great man of learning. He taught many of his colleagues that medicines by their power of producing symptoms would cure analogous conditions. Long before his day, the purging power of rhubarb was recognized as a reason for its power to allay diarrhea. If you want a very simple example of Homeopathy, think of the pain of superficial burns cured by approach to fire, or of frozen limbs where the circulation is restored by rubbing with snow.

But Like Cures Like was never a rule of practice for any school of medicine until Hahnemann realized, after experiment, the truth of the Law. He spent many years in its investigation. He demonstrated and proved that what a remedy can cause, it can cure, and that if you desire to know what a remedy can cure, you had only to discover what it can cause. Homeopathy maintains that there is a constant relationship between the effects of homeopathics on the healthy and the curative reactions they call up in the sick. Those of you who have experienced or seen a case of ptomaine poisoning can compare what you suffered with the so-called provings of Arsenic. Arsenic in poisonous doses produces the same restlessness, anxiety, deadly nausea, frightful suffering and collapse. I remember a hospital administrator who collapsed with ptomaine poisoning one night in a theatre, but instead of going to a local hospital as the ambulance driver wished, she demanded to be brought to my home. On arrival, she was put to bed, and given two doses at half (1/2) hourly intervals of Ars. 30 and soon she was sound asleep, being free of all pain. That was a demonstration of the quick effect of the correct Homeopathic remedy. In an acute condition it works very well.

Clearly you must test substances on healthy people, otherwise how are you to compare their disease- symptoms with those of sick people? This is what Hahnemann was doing all through his long life. As a side note I should mention that many oriental physicians proved the effectiveness of their herbal formulas in this same manner. Homeopathy, by testing homeopathic remedies on healthy human beings elicits the fact that every drug produces its own peculiar symptom-complex, which differs from that of every other homeopathic remedy. It teaches us to choose for every case of sickness the remedy whose symptoms most closely resemble those of the disease we wish to treat. When that remedy has been given in a small dose (this is essential) you will have practiced Homeopathy.

Many patients will ask you, Why the small dose? Why not a large dose"? Let me illustrate with an example; for instance, take an organism like the Yeast-cell which multiplies with great rapidity under favorable conditions. A small drug stimulus will arouse that yeast into great activity, as is shown by its rapid growth and by the way it can break up sugar, giving off a gas, and carbonic-acid. But, increase the drug stimulus by giving a larger dose than is required to stimulate, and you begin at once to impede its life-activity, which comes to a stand still. Give yet a little more, and you will kill the Yeast-cells.

A cell is actually stimulated in its life-activities by very small doses of a POISON that in larger quantities kills it. This is how Professor Schultz, a German Scientist, found out about Homeopathy. He said, I am confronted with a case of disease, and the symptoms tell me that certain cell-groups in the body are suffering more severely from the disease than others. (For instance, if you have a pain in the Liver, that means that the liver cells are calling out for relief), Schultz said, Here are definite diseased cells, how can I find a substance to act upon them? I find that if by giving a substance to a healthy person, I can produce a group of symptoms similar to those of the patient. I can use that remedy to cure him, provided that it is given in the small dose that only stimulates and does not either paralyze or destroy.

One of my personal theories is that if it is the Liver you want to help, it is useless to give a homeopathic remedy whose action is on the heart or some other organ. If the bell in room number 7 is rung, it is no good if the attendant goes to number 8 or number 9. The same applies to various parts of the body; liver, heart, stomach, or wherever it may be. In sickness the organs of the body are struggling with the disease and fighting it, and the symptoms that are experienced mean that the body is resisting disease, and endeavoring to clear it out. If the liver is suffering, you want something to help the liver, and not the big toe. And we discover which affects which by giving various homeopathic remedies to healthy people, and finding that one which has special power to stimulate the liver-cells, or blood-cells, or spleen-cells, and more over affects them in a special way. You give that remedy, and it acts in a gentle quiet way, and does the work.

Now note, very carefully, homeopathy is not a special system of medicine at all. All that goes to make medical practice, either Allopathic, holistic, naturopathic, oriental or some other health alternative is usually common to all schools. We merely specialize in substance-action (Homeopathy) as taught and proven over the centuries, and are able to treat with greater fore-knowledge and precision.

Hahnemann was born in 1755 and died at age eighty-eight in 1843. In his time, medicine was crude, cruel, futile and harmful. It meant bleeding, and blistering, and giving enormous doses of absurd mixtures. He was so disgusted with its uncertainties and tragedies that at one time he gave it up, because his conscience would not permit him to earn his living by what he knew was wrong doing.

Hahnemann did an enormous amount of translating medical books, and his many criticisms and remarks, as footnotes, are of extra-ordinary value. One day while translating a medical book by and English doctor named Cullen, he disagreed with Cullen’s dictum that the curative effect of (Cinchona- Officinalis) Peruvian Bark was due to its action on the stomach. In order to test the matter, he took the medicine himself in large doses, only to discover with amazement that it was producing in him symptoms similar to those of Ague, now called Malaria. Quinine cured Malaria, and here was quinine producing malarian symptoms. It instantly dawned on him, that this drug, at least, cured what it could produce, and produced what it cured. So, he started off to discover whether quinine alone acted in this way, or whether, there was a Law in medicine that he sought, and whether it held good for all homeopathics remedies. Thus, he commenced the diligent testing or proving of substance after substance, not only on himself, but on other people.

It is amazing to realize the thoroughness and extreme care with which things were done by this scientist, the way symptoms were examined, sifted, recorded, or thrown aside. He experimented first on himself, then on his family, then later, also on other doctors, who entered into his enthusiasm for exact knowledge, and for prescribing according to Law. His subjects were all volunteer subjects, eager to have the medicines tested on themselves. As a rule the medicines of the medical schools come by experiment on sick individuals or animals. But in neither case can sufficient exact results be obtained in order to determine the symptoms attributable to the remedy alone. Homeopathy tests its remedies only on healthy human beings. Various animals react very differently to drugs. Let me show you some of the futility of taking findings from animals. For instance, rabbits eat Belladona with impunity, and people have actually been poisoned by Belladona from eating the flesh of rabbits that have been feeding on that plant. Horses can take big doses of Arsenic, given them to improve their coats and wind. Morphine makes dogs drowsy but excites cats. Hedgehogs feed on Cantharides, that is a deadly poison for human beings, and etc., etc.

One of Hahnemann’s early experiments was with Belladonna. A child he was treating with Belladonna failed to take scarlet fever when all the other children in the house went down with that disease. But he knew that persons poisoned with Belladonna become quickly and alarmingly i11 with fever, dry, burning skin, sore throat, headache, big pupils, which makes a perfect picture of scarlet- fever. If there be any truth in Homeopathy it should cure scarlet-fever, which it does. More than that, it protects against it, as Hahnemann discovered. For over one hundred years Homeopaths have found this remedy curative in scarlet-fever, and found moreover that kidney troubles and other sequals of scarlet- fever rarely develop when the disease is so treated.

How can you tell with precision the effects of a substance on man by testing it on animals?, you cannot. Besides, if drugs and/or remedies are not tested on human beings you will not get the sophiscated, refined, or the mental symptoms which are so important for successful prescribing. Aurum (Gold) is one of our great remedies for mental depression to the verge of suicide.

During a big business slump a man with large responsibilities suffered from depression and his state of mind brought him to the thought of suicide. He was given Aurum-Metalicum in potency, and in two weeks, said I am not any busier, but others are as badly off as I am. Two weeks later he reported that he was going to make a fight for it and that man did not go under. Again, you may know the irritability and tolerance of Chamonilla, but when you cannot get a frantic, teething baby to sleep, give it a small dose of Chamonilla, which has provoked just that condition in healthy persons, and it will usually go to sleep at once.

I believe that the physicians highest and only calling is to restore health to the sick; that the highest aim of healing is the quick, speedy, gentle and permanent restoration of health; or the alleviation and obliteration of disease in the shortest, safest and most reliable manner, according to clearly and intelligible reasons.

Homeopathy is no religion, no sect, no fad. Nor is witchcraft or black magic. Some people think it is a sort of religion, … Something that you believe in. There is nothing of sect about it. Most everyone can practice homeopathy. It is no fad, and it is certainly not witchcraft or black magic. It is simply the one scientific way of discovering exactly what specific substances are capable of doing, and then using them, each in its own place to do its own job. Like the ancient Chinese Practitioners and the German Doctor Hahnemann I have always appealed to experiment. Try it for yourself, and see that it works. Remember, … the proof is in the pudding.

1.2   Vital Force

To understand Homeopathy and (a) The Law of Similars; (b) The Law of Proving; (c) The Law of Potentization you have to understand a concept which is called the Vital Force. I will be referring to this on occasion throughout the book.

In simple terms Vital Force is an energy. This energy in essence drives the human body while at the same time tends to integrate the mind, body and soul of man/woman.

In comparison, similar concepts or principles using (a) energy, (b) force (c) power are referred to as Prana in Yoga Philosphy and Chi by the Chinese culture. Homeopathic remedies act very well on this energy level. Let me illustrate the energy concept by an analogy drawn between the human being and a modern space shuttle capsule. The space shuttle capsule is basically an empty shell unless specifically activated by an energy source. The ‘Vital Force" I speak of is like the special fuel in the shuttle that is supposed to carry it to all of the new frontiers in outer space, energizing the human being mentally and physically, just as the fuel in turn activates the space shuttle components.

When and if a malfunction occurs, disease takes hold, corrective measures must be made on different levels. While many medicines used in Allopathic medicine act to replace the parts on a temporary basis, Homeopathic remedies focus in and rebalance the Vital Force itself, which results in bringing about the delicate, corrective measure required within the man, woman or child.

Vital force and the necessity to keep it self-supported by a healthy mode of living AND A HEALTHY MODE OF THINKING is very important, thus as soon as any form of illness is contracted it should at ONCE be correctly treated and in doing this the vitality will not then be overtaxed and strained to an uncontrollable point.

Vital force in its ultimate is HEALTH, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND ADVANCEMENT. If illness intrudes, it is impaired to a greater or lesser degree according to the severity of the attack, … BUT the stronger the vitality the more it is able to resist and dispel and/or throw off the bad invading condition- thus the great necessity to assist it by medicating correctly.

Always bear in mind, it is not the quantity of medicine required but the right one and the correct potency … these are very salient points.

The following Homeopathic laws expoused by Hahnemann are worth a special note:

Similia Similibus Curentur (Like things are cured by likes). He went on to state that cure takes place from above and downwards-from within outwards, from the more important to the less important organ, and in the reverse order of the start of the symptoms-the most recent conditions returning until they work right back to the original symptoms.

I would like to offer the following for consideration: Of action-action and reaction are equal and opposite. Of quantity-the quantity of medicine necessary to effect any change in Nature is the least possible, infinitesimal,… hence the homeopathic potencies.

As in Chinese Medicine, naturopathic, chiropratic, etc., the homeopathic practitioner views the body as always attempting to keep itself in a healthy condition and in a condition of homeostasis (a balance). If the body is threatened by external or internal harmful forces, the bodies VITAL FORCE comes into play. It begins to produce symptoms … (i.e., pain, cough, fever, nasal and/or oral mucus). These symptoms are uncomfortable and bothersome to the person but they do have a definite purpose. They are attempting to rebalance the body to its homeostasis condition. Usually pain warns of something wrong in the system; the fever may be rebalancing a virus that has invaded the body; the mucus (yellow or white, thick or watery) may be formed to collect and carry irritating material from the body; the cough might act to dispel the mucus which may or may not be interfering with the persons breathing. In simple terms a homeopathic practitioner sees the symptoms of an individual as a natural reaction to the body defense structure which acts to dispel the unwanted invading forces. However, it appears the Western health system sees the symptoms as a great part of the disease and believes that as such these symptoms should be suppressed.

As dedicated practitioner’s we treat a patient according to the symptoms and not in accord with the disease. The practitioner has no need to name the disease or to take it on by name, though for general use s/he may call it by one, but the totality of symptoms (mental and bodily), which have been inherited plus the symptoms presently asserting themselves give the whole key to the situation.

However, at this point, before we press forward at full speed into the interesting world of the everyday homeopathic remedies, I think it would be appropriate for the practitioner to rekindle their knowledge of the basics that will allow an accurate treatment and eventually resolve the patient’s problem. The practitioner will realize they can integrate and apply the material in this book to their choice of practice whether or not it leans toward holistic, naturopathic, homeopathic or oriental medicine.

With this thought in mind I will present the reader with such basics as: Anatomy, Physiology, Dietetics, Manipulation, Massage, Electrotherapy, and many other pertinent areas that are of value in the treatment of the person as a whole (mind, body, spirit).

Thus, for the practicing professional this information may act as an interesting review. For the student, this information will serve as a unique learning experience.

A WORD ON

ETIOLOGY - PATHOLOGY - DIAGNOSIS

By Dr. Bradley W. Kuhns

II.   A WORD ON ETIOLOGY-PATHOLOGY-DIAGNOSIS

I would like to suggest that case hlstory, symptomatology, pathology and etiology are by nature, associated like the sides of a pyramid. The two sides you can see more clearly are case history and symptomatology; the side that is away from you is Pathology, the base is Etiology.

A given cause produces a variety of Pathological changes and a greater variety of symptoms and case histories. A given Pathological condition may arise from a variety of causes and be manifested in a variety of symptoms. A given symptom may be due to a variety of Pathological conditions resulting from a variety of causative factors. The case history brings in the time element and includes adaptive and compensatory changes as well as Pathological changes.

Success in diagnosing a given case accurately, therefore, requires exhaustive study and a clear mental picture of the etiology, pathology, symptomatology and case history, based on accurate, thorough observation and reasoning and in many cases intuition, and requiring accurate and definite knowledge of the normal and abnormal anatomy, histology, and physiology of the parts involved.

2.1 Etiology

The science relating to the causes or development of diseases is known as etiology. The causes of disease may be direct active or exciting, indirect or predisposing, or the cause may be obscure or unknown.

The direct causes are the ones which immediately produce the disease. In infectious diseases, the direct cause is due to a specific organism. In other disorders a careful examination will usually determine the active or exciting causes.

The predisposing causes of diseases have a great deal to do with infection. An exposure to an infective agent may not result in disease, unless certain conditions are favorable. Therefore, anything which lowers the resistance of the body-such as fatigue, improper diet, lack of exercise, exposure to cold, insufficient amount of fresh air and various excesses-is a predisposing cause.

The obscure or unknown causes include everything not definitely known or positively proven.

Lack of exercise is an important factor in lowering the body resistance. No one can enjoy the best of health unless a certain amount of exercise is taken. Outdoor exercise is preferable to that taken indoors.

Lack of sunshine is another cause of lowered vitality. The sun has a beneficial effect on the tissues and blood of the whole system.

Insufficient fresh air has a tendency to lower the body resistance. The blood must be thoroughly oxygenated if one is to enjoy a high degree of health.

Improper diet is an important factor pertaining to good health. The body cannot be properly nourished unless suitable foods are used to supply the body with the elements necessary to good health.

Fatigue is a menace to good health. This may be due to insufficient sleep or rest, or to long hours of work, or to certain occupations.

Clothing may be the cause of lowered resistance if too much or too little is used.

Temperature of an excessive nature contributes to lowered resistance. Temperature of a room should not be very much above 70 degrees. Persons living in warm or hot climates usually lack the vigor and energy of those residing in the colder climates. Long exposure to cold, however, reduces body resistance.

Occupation of certain kinds affects the health of individuals. Long hours of constant sitting or standing do not permit sufficient exercise for all of the muscles of the body.

Sleep is essential to good health. About eight hours of refreshing sleep are necessary for the average person. The room should be well ventilated and the mind free from worries or business cares. Persons who sleep during the day do not secure the rest that is obtained by sleeping at night.

Bathing is conducive to good health. A cleansing bath at least once a week is necessary. Cool or cold bath each morning is beneficial if reaction is complete.

Poisons have their effect on the health. Falls, blows, strains, alcohol, drugs, tobacco, poisons and certain chemicals are contributing factors in producing diseases. Painters and those working in certain chemical occupations often absorb poisonous materials through the skin.

Reflex causes may bring about disordered conditions of certain parts of the body through the reflex action of the spinal cord or sympathetic nervous system.

Spinal causes subluxation of the vertebrae, contracted ligaments, or infiltration of the muscles have certain effect upon the health by interfering with the nerves and blood supply to the tissues and vital organs.

Mental causes. Undue emotion, worry, temper, grief, and other excessive emotional disturbances have a detrimental effect upon the functions of the nervous system. Many symptoms of certain disorders can be removed when the mental causes are corrected.

Excesses of various kinds interfere with good health. Sexual excesses and other intemperate indulgencies lower the vitality and resistance of the body, and for this reason are indirect causes of disease.

2.2 Pathology

The science pertaining to the chemical functional and structural changes that occur in diseases is called pathology.

In disease there are always certain changes that take place, varying in degree with the severity and duration of the disorder.

In acute diseases there is a loss of body weight, and the blood is reduced in red corpuscles and hemoglobin. The surface of the tongue is changed in appearance, and other pathological changes take place. In chronic diseases there is usually a sclerosis or fibrous tissue overgrowth. In practically all diseases there is some change in the quality or quantity of the blood.

For the information of the new student I am giving the description and the medical terms given to some of the principal pathological changes which take place in the process of disease.

Inflammation is a morbid condition consisting in the congestion of blood vessels. The blood vessels become enlarged, circulation is retarded, and the plasma, with or without white cells and at times red corpuscles, pass out into the surrounding tissue without the walls of the blood vessels being broken or torn. This is called exudation. When the inflammation is of long standing, it is known as chronic inflammation and usually long standing cases bring about an increase of connective tissue in the affected part. The process of acute inflammation produces heat, redness, pain and swelling and renders the part unable to do its usual work. Chronic inflammation seldom has heat, but possesses the other properties in varying degrees.

There are a number of types of inflammation as follows: Catarrhal inflammation is an inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane. Fibrinous is a term used to express such a condition of the fibrous tissue. Interstitial refers to connective tissue. Purulent is known as suppuration, and the creamy product is called pus. This indicates a high degree of inflammation, white cells coming from the blood vessels and from changed skin tissue.

Toxemia is the name given to an auto-intoxicated or poisonous condition of the cells and tissues of the body by morbid matter circulating in the blood stream. These harmful materials may occur within the body from such sources as malignant tumors, perverted glandular activity, retained carbon-dioxide and bile, and from poisons which are generated from the decomposition of unexpelled fecal matter. Often outside sources such as mercury lead, strychnine, arsenic, opium, acids in drugs, bacteria, animal poisons, decomposed food, etc., produce a poisoning of the body.

Anemia presents a condition in which there is a deficient number of red corpuscles, too little coloring matter (hemoglobin) and a reduction of the quantity of blood.

Leukemia is a form of anemia in which there is a disordered condition of the blood-making organs, and an increased number of white corpuscles.

Leukecytosis is a condition in which there is an over-supply of white corpuscles. During pregnancy, for a time after meals and exercise, the increase in the white cells is normal.

Thrombosis is a clot of blood in the blood vessel at the place where it is formed. When the clot of blood or part of it is moved or carried by the blood from the place of formation to some other part of the body, the obstruction is called embolism.

Hemorrhage is an escape of blood from the blood vessels.

Hypermia denotes a congested condition and means an increase of blood in the blood vessels.

Ischemia is a term given to an abnormal decrease in the amount of blood in an organ or part of the body.

Edema signifies a swelling produced by the effusion of lymph of water fluid from the blood vessels into the intercellular spaces of connective tissue.

Atrophy signifies a diminished size of certain tissues as a result of a decrease in the quantity and size of its cells.

Infiltration is a name given to the condition where deposits of fat, connective tissue, or calcium salts take place in or around other tissues.

Fatty degeneration is the change of normal cells into fat.

Granular degeneration denotes a condition in which the cells become swollen, cloudy and filled with granular substances. A disintegration of the cells take place. Defective digestion, nutrition or elimination are usually the cause of this condition.

Hyaline, mucoid. amyloid or colloid degeneration signifies a change of normal cells into colorless albuminous material.

Ulceration is a condition which takes place when a few cells die at a time and are discharged by the underlying ones.

Necrosis is a term given to the death of large masses of tissue. It usually refers to the death of a bone.

Suppuration denotes a decomposition of luecocytes, tissue cells and bacteria. This brings about a formation of matter known as pus.

Abscess is a term given to a collection of pus enclosed in a newly formed cavity.

Fistulae or sinuses are ulcerated or suppurated conditions of certain canals which connect cavities with one another, or with other surfaces.

Gangrene is the death and decomposition of the soft tissues of the body due to interference with local nutrition. There are two forms known as dry gangrene or mummification, and moist gangrene. Dry gangrene usually occurs in superficial parts of the body and is caused by a defect in the arterial supply. The part is dry, hard and of a dark grey or blackish color. Moist gangrene generally occurs in deeper seated tissues where evaporation cannot take place and is caused by a defect in both the arterial and venous circulation. The part is soft, swollen and putrid.

Fever is a condition in which the temperature of the body is above normal temperature of 98.6. It may be caused by toxemia or some nervous disturbances of the heat regulating mechanism. Severe or long continued fever often brings about granular degeneration of the muscles, kidneys, heart, spleen and liver.

Hypertrophy indicates that an increase in the size of tissue cells has taken place. This is usually due to an increased blood supply, thus enabling the