Osteochondritis Dissecans, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Osteochondritis Dissecans, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disorder that forms in joints, most often in children and adolescents.
It happens when a small segment of bone starts to separate from its surrounding area due to a lack of blood supply.
As a result, the small piece of bone and the cartilage covering it start to crack and loosen.
The most frequent joints involved by osteochondritis dissecans are the knee, ankle and elbow, while it can also happen in other joints
The disorder normally involves just one joint; some children can form OCD in several joints.
There are 2 main forms:
1. Juvenile form (open epiphyses)
It happens at age 10-15 while the epiphysis is still open
2. Adult form (skeletal maturity)
Knee Location is most common
It happens at the poster lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle (70% of lesions in knee), capitellum of humerus and talus
In many cases of OCD in children, the involved bone and cartilage recover on their own, particularly if a child is still growing.
In grown children and young adults, OCD can have more serious effects.
The OCD lesions have a higher chance of separating from the surrounding bone and cartilage, and can even detach and float around inside the joint.
In these cases, surgery may be required.
Doctors think it probably is caused by repetitive trauma or stresses to the bone over time.
While the cause of osteochondritis dissecans is not fully explained, it is believed to be multi-factorial in nature.
Postulated causes are genetic predisposition, inflammation, spontaneous avascular necrosis, and repetitive micro-trauma.
Originally believed to be related to osseous inflammation (hence the term osteochondritis), multiple studies have failed to prove inflammation as the underlying cause.
Clanton Classification of Osteochondritis
1. Type I Depressed osteochondral fracture
2. Type II Fragment attached by osseous bridge
3. Type III Detached non-displaced fragment
4. Type IV Displaced fragment
Symptoms
Symptoms:
often brought on by sports or physical activity are the most frequent first symptoms of OCD.
Advanced instances of OCD may cause joint catching or locking.
An x-ray of the affected joint is required for an initial OCD diagnosis, and to assess the size and location of the OCD lesion.
Routine radiographs of the affected joint are the first imaging tests obtained.
Radiographs reveal an ovoid lucency affecting the sub-chondral bone with subjacent sclerotic bone.
Sometimes the bony fragment may be visualized within the sub-chondral defect or, if displaced, elsewhere within the joint.
MRI is helpful for characterizing:
1. Size of lesion
2. Status of sub-chondral bone and cartilage
3. Signal intensity surrounding lesion
4. Presence of loose bodies
MRI findings that indicate healing after conservative treatment are:
1. Reduction or resolution in the surrounding bone marrow edema pattern,
2. A reduction in lesion size,
3. Reduction or resolution of the hyper-intense T2 signal rim or cyst like foci, and
4. In-growth of bone within the bed of the OCD lesion with osseous bridging.
Treatment
The patient’s age, time of presentation, severity of symptoms, and stability of the lesion will determine treatment.
In most cases, OCD lesions in children and young teens will heal on their own, especially when the body still has a large number of years of growing to do.
Resting and avoiding vigorous sports until symptoms recover will often alleviate pain and swelling.
The overall purpose of surgery is the cartilage reformation and repair of the articular surface to avoid early-onset osteoarthritis.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Osteochondritis Dissecans
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Ch

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Sep 14, 2019
• ISBN: 9780463548615

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Osteochondritis Dissecans,

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Osteochondritis Dissecans, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Osteochondritis Dissecans)

This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Osteochondritis Dissecans

What is Osteochondritis dissecans?

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disorder that forms in joints, most often in children and adolescents.

It happens when a small segment of bone starts to separate from its surrounding area due to a lack of blood supply.

As a result, the small piece of bone and the cartilage covering it start to crack and become loose.

OCD is a pathologic lesion affecting articular cartilage and sub-chondral bone with differing medical patterns

The most frequent joints involved by osteochondritis dissecans are the knee, ankle and elbow, while it can also happen in other joints.