Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are medical sport disorders most often a result of low-velocity, non-contact, slowing down injuries and direct force injuries with a rotational component.
Contact sports also may produce injury to the ACL secondary to rotational, values stress, or excessive extension all directly related to contact or collision.
One of the most frequent knee damages is an anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear.
Athletes who take part in high demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball tend to injure their anterior cruciate ligaments.
If the patient has damaged the anterior cruciate ligament, the patient may need surgery to regain full function of the knee.
The anterior cruciate ligament goes diagonally in the middle of the knee.
It stops the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, as well as gives rotational stability to the knee.
Types of Sprains
About 50% of all injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament happen along with damage to other structures in the knee, such as meniscus, particular cartilage, or other ligaments.
Grade 1 Sprains. The ligament is mildly injured in a Grade 1 Sprain.
It is slightly stretched, but is still able to help maintain the knee joint stability.
Grade 2 Sprains. A Grade 2 Sprain stretches the ligament to the point where it becomes loosen.
This is frequently described as a partial tear of the ligament.
Grade 3 Sprains. This type of sprain is most frequently described as a complete tear of the ligament.
1. When the patient damages the anterior cruciate ligament, the patient might hear a "popping" noise and the patient may feel the knee give out from under him or her.
2. Pain with swelling.
3. Loss of full range of motion
4. Tenderness along the joint line
5. Discomfort while walking
Most ligament injuries diagnoses are made:
1. Examination of the knee
2. MRI knee
Treatment is by:
1. Physiotherapy
2. Braces
3. Surgery Rebuild of torn ligament
4. Rehabilitation
Recurrent instability and graft failure is seen in about 8% of patients.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Knee ligament Injury Treatments
Chapter 8 Knee ligament Injury
Epilogue

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Nov 12, 2016
• ISBN: 9781370143238

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Anterior Cruciate

Ligament Injuries,

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2015 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions or in vernacular terms

(What You need to treat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury)

This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://ken-med.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 650 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical conditions.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are medical sport disorders most often a result of low-velocity, non-contact, slowing down injuries and direct force injuries with a rotational component.

Contact sports also may produce injury to the ACL secondary to rotational, values stress, or excessive extension all directly related to contact or collision.

One of the most frequent knee damages is an anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear.

Athletes who take part in high demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball tend to injure their anterior cruciate ligaments.

If the patient has damaged the anterior cruciate ligament, the patient may need surgery to regain full function of the knee.

This will be dependent on various factors, such as the seriousness of the injury and the activity level.

Three bones meet to form the knee joint: the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and patella (kneecap).

The kneecap is located in front of the joint to provide some protection.

Bones are attached to other bones by ligaments.

There are 4 primary ligaments in the knee.

They work like strong ropes to hold the bones together and maintain the knee stability.

Collateral Ligaments

These are present on the sides of the knee.

The lateral collateral ligament is on the outside of the knee and the medial collateral ligament is on the inside.

They regulate the sideways motion of the knee and protect it against unusual movement.

Cruciate Ligaments

These are present inside the knee joint.

They cross each other to produce an X with the posterior cruciate ligament in the back and the anterior cruciate ligament in front.

The cruciate ligaments regulate the back and forth motion of the knee.

The anterior cruciate ligament goes diagonally in the middle of the knee.

It stops the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, as well as gives rotational stability to the knee.

Types of Sprains

About 50% of all injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament happen along with damage to other structures in the knee, such as meniscus, particular cartilage, or other ligaments.

Injured ligaments are regarded sprains and are graded on a severity scale.

Grade 1 Sprains. The ligament is mildly injured in a Grade 1 Sprain.

It is slightly stretched, but is still able to help maintain the knee joint stability.

Grade 2 Sprains. A Grade 2 Sprain stretches the ligament to the point where it becomes loosen.

This is frequently described as a partial tear of the ligament.

Grade 3 Sprains. This type of sprain is most frequently described as a complete tear of the ligament.

The ligament has been torn into two parts, and the knee joint is not stable.

Partial injuries of the anterior