A client has chronic low-back pain, headaches, migraines, and a history of some serious surgeries. We take a close look at one of them: spinal fusion at L4-L5. What is this massage therapist doing now? What might he do in the future? It turns out there are a lot of options!   Case study of a client with a spinal fusion:   Keller, G. (2012). “The Effects of Massage Therapy after Decompression and Fusion Surgery of the Lumbar Spine: A Case Study.” International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 5, no. 4, 3–8.    Information on spinal fusion procedures:   General information https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/spinal-fusion/ https://www.spine-health.com/treatment/spinal-fusion/lumbar-spinal-fusion-surgery   Video spine-health.com/video/spine-fusion-surgery-video   Selected research on massage therapy and scar tissue:   Ault, P., Plaza, A., and Paratz, J. (2018). “Scar Massage for Hypertrophic Burns Scarring—A Systematic Review.” Burns: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 44, no. 1), 24–38.  Shin, T. M., and Bordeaux, J. S. (2012). “The Role of Massage in Scar Management: A Literature Review.” Dermatologic Surgery: Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 38, no. 3, 414–23.    Continuing education on massage therapy and scar tissue:   Scar Tissue Management (3-part series):    Scar Management: Principles, Practice, and Protocol (The Beginning):    This podcast sponsored by:   Books of Discovery   Anatomy Trains   Host:   Ruth Werner