In this episode we discuss the evolution of intrapartum fetal monitoring from the Pinard Horn to modern doppler techniques. We also discuss the benefits and harms of these approaches and their role in modern obstetrics.    feedback@obgyn.fm     A controlled trial of the differential effects of intrapartum fetal monitoring - ScienceDirect Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: A meta-analysis - ScienceDirect Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring — A Disappointing Story — NEJM A prospective comparison of selective and universal electronic fetal monitoring in 34,995 pregnancies. - PubMed - NCBI Instrumentation of Fetal Electrocardiography | Science ‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(58)90707-5/pdf The Beginnings of Perinatal Medicine - Google Books https://www.mnhospitals.org/Portals/0/Documents/patientsafety/Perinatal/3a_ACOG%20Bulletin%20106.pdf ‎www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(11)00480-7/pdf ‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90052-3/pdf ‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90639-8/pdf The fetal heart rate patterns preceding death in utero - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology A randomized trial of intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation. - PubMed - NCBI Reasons for the rising cesarean delivery rates: 1978-1984. - PubMed - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/122861