Researchers discuss a comparative production trial between mixed-sex and conventional all-male stocks of tilapia farmed in cages in Thailand. This showed that males can perform as well in mixed-sex culture and that smaller females can boost total cage production. Financial analysis demonstrated why this is not current practice, but indicated that if a market premium could be obtained for non-sex-reversed fish, and/or smaller fish sold into markets where these command a higher price, this could become a more attractive strategy with wider social benefits.