Callum Brownstein, PhD, is a lecturer in exercise physiology at Newcastle University. Callum has conducted extensive research in fatigability, and the mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue in (among others) endurance exercise. In this interview, we dive deep into the mechanisms and applications of neuromuscular fatigue in an endurance sports context.  IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -What is fatigue?  -Differentiating between impairments in contractile function ("peripheral fatigue") and voluntary activation ("central fatigue") -How can fatigue and its underlying mechanisms be measured?  -Different fatigue mechanisms in cycling vs. running -Differences in magnitude of fatigue and fatigue mechanisms between the different intensity domains -The impact of exercise duration on fatigue -Practical applications for triathletes and endurance athletes SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts355/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: ROKA - Exceptional quality triathlon wetsuits, trisuits, swimskins, goggles, performance sunglasses as well as prescription eyeglasses and sunglasses.  Online vision test for prescription updates and home try-on options available for eyeglasses. Ships from the US, UK and EU. Trusted by world-leading athletes such as  Lucy Charles-Barclay, Javier Gómez Noya, Flora Duffy, Morgan Pearson, Summer Rappaport and others in triathlon, cycling, speed skating, and many more. Visit roka.com/tts for 20% off your order. ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a one of a kind swim bench for time-crunched triathletes looking to improve their swim technique, power and propulsion, and consistency of swim training. It is very affordable, about the price of a pair of running shoes, and Zen8 offer free shipping in the US and the UK. Best of all, you can try it risk-free. If you don't love it after two weeks, send it back and get a full refund. Get 20% off your order at zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Callum's Twitter and Research Gate Disparate Mechanisms of Fatigability in Response to Prolonged Running versus Cycling of Matched Intensity and Duration - Brownstein et al. 2022 Power Output Manipulation from Below to Above the Gas Exchange Threshold Results in Exacerbated Performance Fatigability - Brownstein et al. 2022 Neuromuscular responses to fatiguing locomotor exercise - Brownstein et al. 2022 Durability in endurance sports with Ed Maunder, PhD and Stephen Seiler, Phd | EP#295 Carbohydrates - science and practice with Tim Podlogar, PhD | EP#354 VLaMax, Polarised training, Fatigue and Complexity with Mark Burnley, PhD | EP#331 Muscle and Exercise Physiology - book by Jerzy Zoladz RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.