In his second talk he reviews makeup of the plant cell wall and how hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin can be broken down for use in aviation biofuel production. He describes the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) approach to maximize carbon efficiency at every step in the production of biofuels, from developing and feedstocks, deconstructing biomass, and use of microbes and enzymes to generate target intermediates for fuels. A major part of optimizing this process is the development of a one-pot process, in which conversion of biomass to fuel can be achieved in a single chamber.