Benjamin Bikman earned his PhD in Bioenergetics and was a postdoctoral fellow with the Duke-National University of Singapore studying metabolic disorders. Currently, his professional focus as a scientist and professor (Brigham Young University) is to better understand the origins and consequences of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, with a particular emphasis on the role of insulin. He frequently publishes his research in peer-reviewed journals and presents at international science and public meetings.   Time Stamps   0:11:14 Podcast Begins 0:11:54 Ben's Background 0:17:53 The root of chronic disease 0:25:38 All about insulin 0:31:14 Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism by insulin in humans: role of lipolysis and reesterification https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Regulation-of-free-fatty-acid-metabolism-by-insulin-Campbell-Carlson/9be324b8af9ced5a8b7e1902257e3fb9308b4db1 0:31:51 Insulin stops lipolisis 0:34:35 Insulin's affect on the liver 0:40:10 Insulin and muscle cells 0:43:20 Why you want to increase protein as you age 0:48:47 Low Protein Intake is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988204/#:~:text=Low%20Protein%20Intake%20is%20Associated,Younger%20but%20Not%20Older%20Population&text=Cell%20Metab.,Author%20manuscript. 0:51:00 Animal-based diets optimize muscle protein sythesis 0:55:12 Industrial Seed oils have a fantastic publicist 0:58:05 Do carbs drive metabolic dysfunction? 1:07:07 Effect of sustained physiologic hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in man https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00400466 1:07:42 How linoleic acid drives metabolic dysfunction 1:09:32 How linoleic acid drives metabolic dysfunction.  1:11:47 Low serum insulin in traditional Pacific Islanders--the Kitava Study https://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495(99)90258-5/pdf 1:14:29 Carbs are not to blame 1:19:05 Thriving is dependent on micronutrients 1:22:19 The secret to overcoming plateaus on low carb diets 1:25:28 Epidemiological studies in a total highland population, Tukisenta, New Guinea: Cardiovascular disease and relevant clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological and biochemical findings https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0021968173900313 1:25:58 Classification of Obesity with Respect to Morbidity https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-200-43417?journalCode=ebma 1:27:46 Does fructose make us fat? 1:28:32 What makes honey different? 1:30:45 Effect of honey in preventing gingivitis and dental caries in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4095052/#:~:text=Within%20the%20limitations%20of%20the,in%20patients%20undergoing%20orthodontic%20treatment. 1:31:11 Substituting Honey for Refined Carbohydrates Protects Rats from Hypertriglyceridemic and Prooxidative Effects of Fructose https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/132/11/3379/4687329 1:32:15 Effect of fructose on body weight in controlled feeding trials https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK84702/ 1:33:21 Oral health in transition: the Hadza foragers of Tanzania https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0172197 1:34:53 Hyperplastic vs hypertrophic fat cell growth 1:40:01 FADH2, NADH, and mitochondrial magic 1:43:27 Diet fat composition alters membrane phospholipid composition, insulin binding, and glucose metabolism in adipocytes from control and diabetic animals https://www.jbc.org/content/265/19/11143 1:43:27 Unwanted insulin sensitivity 1:50:01 Dietary Stearic Acid Leads to a Reduction of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Athymic Nude Mice https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265650090_Dietary_Stearic_Acid_Leads_to_a_Reduction_of_Visceral_Adipose_Tissue_in_Athymic_Nude_Mice 1:52:16 dietary stearic acid regulates mitochondria in vivo in humans https://www.nature.com