IoT Enabled Multi-Energy Systems: From Isolated Energy Grids to Modern Interconnected Networks

By Mohammadreza Daneshvar, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo and Kazem Zare

IoT-Enabled Multi-Energy Systems: From Isolated Energy Grids to Modern Interconnected Networks proposes practical solutions for the management and control of energy interactions throughout the interconnected energy infrastructures of the future multi-energy grid. The book discusses a panorama of modeling, planning and optimization considerations for IoT technologies, their applications across grid modernization, and the coordinated operation of multi-vector energy grids. The work is suitable for energy, power, mechanical, chemical, process and environmental engineers, and highly relevant for researchers and postgraduate students who work on energy systems.

Sections address core theoretical underpinnings, significant challenges and opportunities, how to support IoT-based developed expert systems, and how AI can empower IoT technologies to sustainably develop fully renewable modern multi-carrier energy networks. Contributors address artificial intelligence technology and its applications in developing IoT-based technologies, cloud-based intelligent energy management schemes, data science and multi-energy big data analysis, machine learning and deep learning techniques in multi-energy systems, and much more.

• Reviews core applications of IoT technologies in grid modernization of multi-energy networks
• Develops practical solutions for optimal integration of renewable energy resources in modern multi-vector energy networks
• Analyzes the reliable integration, sustainable operation and accurate planning of multi-carrier energy grids in highly penetrated stochastic energy resources

• Language: English
• Publisher: Academic Press
• Release date: Feb 20, 2023
• ISBN: 9780323957809

Book preview

Preface

Mohammadreza Daneshvar, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Kazem Zare and Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam

Nowadays, the energy grid in its diverse carriers is undergoing tremendous evolution due to rapidly appearing hybrid energy systems as well as stochastic devices in the core of the energy network infrastructure. Indeed, rapid developments in information technologies, different clean energy production systems, energy conversion units, and communication paradigms have driven the energy landscape to experience great changes. In such a hybrid energy structure, some crucial challenges threaten the reliable and sustainable operation of integrated energy networks due to the lack of cloud-based intelligent energy management and control systems, high level of stochastic fluctuations in the energy generation sector, and coordinated operation of different energy networks. In this respect, coordinated operation and energy management of multicarrier energy networks are essential for unbroken serving multi-energy demand, which needs cloud-based intelligent energy systems to realize secure connections among smart devices. In this regard, the Internet of Things (IoT) is recognized as a dominant solution for creating a cloud-based intelligent energy management scheme that enables hybrid energy networks for optimal cooperation. This book aims to evaluate the IoT-based solutions for facilitating the modernization process of multicarrier energy networks with a high/full share of renewables. It is targeted to cover the modeling, optimization, and assessing the necessity of IoT technologies and their applications for grid modernization, and coordinated operation of multivector energy grids, for an audience of energy, power, mechanical, chemical, process, and environmental engineers as well as the researchers and postgraduate students who work in the field of various types of energy systems. Indeed, this book scrutinizes the IoT-based solutions for optimally integrating multicarrier energy networks with a high/full contribution of renewable energy resources.

The current book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 wants to provide an overview of the key role of IoT in the energy management of future modern energy networks with a high/full share of renewable energy sources. Moreover, this chapter discusses the capability of IoT technology in improving synergies among the different smart energy management devices. Chapter 2 provides an overview of multi-energy interconnected systems in different energy grids. It also elucidates the role of interconnected multi-energy systems (MESs) in a smart city as a transactive energy structure and investigates the challenges and opportunities of interconnected MESs, as well as contests of IoT-based systems components and different control approaches. Chapter 3 aims to provide an overview of the application of IoT technology in the power failure positioning service in the power system operation. It also discusses the presence of IoT in the monitoring section of cyber-physical power systems by having a look at its definition, structure, advantages, challenges, and future development opportunities. Chapter 4 describes the architecture and applications of IoT in smart grids. It also assesses the consequences of IoT in distribution networks, smart cities, microgrids, and smart buildings at the distribution level. Chapter 5 explains the features of the energy internet as the IoT in energy grid output that are appropriate for grid performance evaluation. It also discusses IoT challenges in the smart grid along with the future research and development potentials aiming to provide a suitable overview for future trends. Chapter 6 describes data science leverage and big data’s role in IoT energy systems. It also discusses the related tools and analytics with attention to data-driven decision-making in smart energy systems. Chapter 7 presents the battery cloud that collects measured battery data from electric vehicles and energy storage systems. It also explains the applications of advanced algorithms for improving battery performance. Chapter 8 describes federated learning and its applications in security and privacy together with a demonstration case involving the implementation of a simulated model of federated learning for enhancing the security of systems. Chapter 9 aims to evaluate, develop, and test a lightweight string-matching technique suitable for a smart IoT-based virtual wireless sensor network.

As any research achievement may not be free of gaps, the editors kindly welcome any suggestions and comments from the respectful readers for improving the quality of this work. The interested readers can share their valuable comments with the editors via [e-mail].

1

Overview of Internet of Things-based multi-energy management of cleaner multi-energy mix

Mohammadreza Daneshvar and Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo,    Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Today’s energy ecosystem is engaged with numerous intelligent objects that are connected to the Internet leading to the network of smart connected things. This network is expanding day by day in response to the need for affordable, compact, and advanced energy infrastructure pursuing the key goal of improving energy services in societies. The great cumulation of Internet-connected objects paves the way for the emergence of the community of smart objects that is called the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT eases virtually controlling energy processes in almost every domain of society. Hence, this technology is intended as one of the main tools for the realization of grid modernization schemes. As future energy grids are going toward fully renewable energy networks, the capable technologies are the essential requirements of the modern grid in providing sufficient flexibility for keeping its sustainability. When it comes to how to implement such technologies in practice, the immense potential of the IoT technology has made it as a strong contender for the feasibility of programs with advanced technologies. On the other hand, the integrated operation of energy networks due to the emergence of hybrid energy devices adds more complexities to the grid’s developments. Herein, IoT technology brings a widespread network of smart systems with a variety of capabilities, particularly in terms of networking, storage, and computing. This chapter wants to provide an overview of the key role of IoT in the energy management of future modern energy networks with a high/full share of renewable energy sources. Moreover, this chapter discusses the capability of IoT technology in improving synergies among different smart energy management devices.

Keywords

Internet of Things; cleaner multienergy mix; energy management; renewable energy sources; grid modernization; intelligent devices; modern multienergy networks

Chapter Outline

Outline

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Applications of Internet of Things 2

1.3 Characteristics of Internet of Things 2

1.4 Opportunities of Internet of Things 4

1.5 Challenges of Internet of Things 5

1.6 Summary 7

References 7

1.1 Introduction

Recent progress in information and communication technologies forces the energy structure to be upgraded in accordance with the new changes in different sectors of the energy network. The energy generation sector has experienced evolutionary changes by promoting decentralized energy generation units, especially intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) [1]. How the system deals with unexpected variations in energy production is a challenge that needs innovative technologies to address [2]. From another perspective, multi-energy devices create reliance among various energy networks and drive energy grids to be operated interdependently [3]. Now, such challenges make the energy management of the cleaner multi-energy mix structure difficult. Due to this, addressing the aforementioned challenge became the prominent goal of similar researches in recent works. In most of these studies, the Internet of Things (IoT) was the main tool that is used as an effective remedy for acquiring suitable outcomes. In Ref. [4], an IoT enabled novel method is presented for enhancing the network reliability as well as optimizing the operation costs considering the uncertainty effects in the energy management of the integrated energy system with multicarrier energy hubs, RESs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and combined heat and power. In another work [5], the authors applied an advanced IoT technology for the energy management of an intelligent commercial building system. The proposed smart energy management framework is used for determining the most economic conditions for commercial buildings. An IoT-based framework is suggested in Ref. [6] for monitoring and measuring the distribution sector data with very low latency and higher controllability and accuracy aiming to investigate the economic and social aspects of the distribution system with various types of RESs. In Ref. [7], the multiobjective distributed dispatching algorithm is used for introducing an IoT-based energy management system to facilitate the incorporation of green energy resources in the smart electrical grid. The IoT framework is used in Ref. [8] for proposing the energy management system with the aim of optimally controlling distribution system resources based on continuous data monitoring. In Ref. [9], a new IoT framework is proposed to benefit the effective potential of IoT in developing an energy-efficient intelligent lighting system with significant energy savings. Moreover, the development and design of the IoT-based domain model are assessed in Ref. [10] to provide a basic understanding of flexible energy management strategies for the effective energy exchange in the presence of RESs. According to the recent studies in the context of IoT, the idea of merging IoT-based technologies with intelligent energy systems together indicates immense growth potential and attracts the attention of the research community in grid modernization plans [11]. At the pinnacle of the grid modernization expansion stage, IoT-based technologies offer a promising way of implementing energy programs with high-quality energy services. The IoT-based technologies can reduce congestion and enhance energy efficiency for improving the reliability of energy supply and making the realization of 100% RESs possible for future modern energy networks. Given the key role of IoT-based technologies in successfully implementing grid modernization schemes, this chapter is targeted to provide an overview of their application in the multi-energy management of a cleaner multi-energy mix. To this end, this chapter discusses the real-world applications of IoT, its characteristics, opportunities, and challenges in the modern energy grid area.

1.2 Applications of Internet of Things

In the IoT paradigm, several smart objects can interact with each other and these interactions can be formed based on exchanging different types of information such as multimedia data and sensor data. In recent years, IoT penetration is highly increased in various sectors of the economy to improve the quality of life [12]. Its services can intelligently shape people’s lives in different layers from agriculture to health care. Some of the real-world applications of IoT are depicted in Fig. 1.1 [13,14].

Figure 1.1 Real-world applications of IoT [13,14]. IoT, Internet of Things.

1.3 Characteristics of Internet of Things

With the ceaseless development of different technologies, there is an urgent growth in the need for multicarrier energy in the life cycles. This enormous requirement for a multi-energy supply demonstrates the necessity for new coordinated technologies to make the energy supply match its demand. Such revolutions in modernization can be realized with end-to-end IoT solutions. In today’s world, manifold definitions are presented for IoT due to its rapidly growing applicability in multifarious research domains. Beyond giving specialized services for diverse goals, IoT platforms have enough potential for flexibility in allowing third parties to use the application program interface for developing complex applications [15]. In this respect, the technology synthesis is essential for binding the work of automatics, artificial intelligence technology, advanced network technology, and perceptive technology together into a system possible aiming to establish the interconnection of objects and people [16]. The IoT-based technologies can facilitate the coordinated development of lifestyle and its culture, society, work, habitat, and material production environment according to the theory for the social–economic–natural complex ecosystem that is in line with the IoT purpose [17,18]. A large number of existing intelligent devices force the system to require interoperability throughout the different layers of the integrated system. This issue is immensely intensified by working under the IoT architecture with numerous technologies and smart devices. Fig. 1.2 exhibits the general characteristics of IoT in smart systems.

Figure 1.2 General characteristics of IoT in smart systems. IoT, Internet of