ECG/EKG Interpretation: An Easy Approach to Read a 12-Lead ECG and How to Diagnose and Treat Arrhythmias

By Nathan Orwell

Are you curious about ECG and want to learn to read it for academic purpose?

Would you like to hold up that next ECG and confidently interpret what you see?

If so, then keep reading!

 

ECG Interpretation is often the initial component of diagnostic testing available in the evaluation of a patient. A proper understanding of the ECG Interpretation allows early detection of important pathological and physiological issues. This book will completely transform your aspects at ECG interpretation, and we guarantee you that by the time you complete this guide with us, you'll feel like a professional.
 

Whether you are learning to interpret Electrocardiograms, or if you simply want to better recognize your own diagnosis and results, this book will be able to help.
 

This book provides a comprehensive information about ECG findings of inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies. Each topic covers a specific condition and highlights typical or critically important ECG findings. Knowing the fundamentals parts of an ECG tracing will lay a good foundation for everything else that is to come. The different waves, complexes and intervals need to be ingrained in your brain.

 

Most importantly, you will learn about the different conditions that an ECG can help to diagnose, and how to diagnose them. This book is designed to drill into you the fundamentals required to build your confidence in ECG interpretation and to diagnose and treat Arrhythmias.

 

That's who this book is aimed at:

 

✅ Medical and nursing students who need to review before an exam without having to take long, complicated academic books back into their hands

✅ Professionals in the field who find it useful to keep a practical and fast manual with them for every eventuality

✅ Enthusiasts who would like to discover something new about a fundamental instrument of medicine

✅ Those who want something simple and straightforward to use at any time, without having to get lost in the kind of complicated and long-winded language contained in the myriad pages of academic books

✅ High school students who want to learn more, even without having the knowledge of a university student

✅ Those who need a "dusting off" but don't want to spend too much time or energy reviewing the material

 

If you fall then in at least one of these categories of people, this book will be very useful.

What are you waiting for? Add this book to your cart to get started!

 

 

• Language: English
• Publisher: Nathan Orwell
• Release date: Apr 19, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201553463

Book preview

ECG/EKG INTERPRETATION

AN EASY APPROACH TO READ A 12-LEAD ECG AND HOW TO DIAGNOSE AND TREAT ARRHYTHMIAS

By

NATHAN ORWELL

© Copyright 2020 by NATHAN ORWELL

All rights reserved.

This document is geared towards providing exact and reliable information with regards to the topic and issue covered. The publication is sold with the idea that the publisher is not required to render accounting, officially permitted, or otherwise, qualified services. If advice is necessary, legal or professional, a practiced individual in the profession should be ordered.

From a Declaration of Principles which was accepted and approved equally by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations.

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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)

Electrocardiogram waveform

Electrocardiogram intervals

Electrocardiograph: Technical Principles

Intervals and segments

STEP BY STEP APPROACH TO THE ECG

THE TYPES OF EKG

GENERAL NOTES ON THE TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE ECG

CHATER 2: ECG/EKG TRACING

ALGORITHM PRECISION

CONTRAINDICATIONS AND RISKS  OF ECG/EKG

LIMITATIONS OF ECG/EKG

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

CHAPTER 3: THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF HEART RHYTHM

Electrolytes and Concentration Schedules

DEPOLARIZATION AND REPOLARIZATION

CHAPTER 4:  SINUATRIAL NODE

INTERNODAL CONDUCTION PATH

Interatrial Conduction Pathway

CHAPTER 5:  ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE (AV)

THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) BUNDLE

RIGHT AND LEFT BUNDLE BRANCHES

PURKINJE FIBERS

CHAPTER 6:  PHYSIOLOGY OF SA AND AV NODES

SINUATRIAL NODE

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

IMPULSE GENERATION AND CONDUCTION

CHAPTER 7: RHYTHM AND HEART RATE

UNDERSTANDING YOUR HEART RATE BY THE NUMBERS

CHAPTER 8: ARRHYTHMIA

RISK FACTORS FOR ARRHYTHMIA

SYMPTOMS OF ARRHYTHMIA

HOW IS AN ARRHYTHMIA TREATED?

COMPLICATIONS OF AN ARRHYTHMIA

CHAPTER 9:  ARRHYTHMIAS OF THE SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

SYMPTOMS ARRHYTHMIAS OF THE SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

CAUSES ARRHYTHMIAS OF THE SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

RISK FACTORS ARRHYTHMIAS OF THE SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

COMPLICATIONS ARRHYTHMIAS OF THE SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

ARRHYTHMIA OF THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) NODE

BRADYARRHYTHMIA: ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE DISORDERS

POSSIBLE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF BRADICARDIA

SYMPTOMS OF BRADYARRHYTHMIA

TYPES OF BRADYARHYTHMIAS

CHAPTER 10: ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIA

TYPES OF ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS

CAUSES OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

CHAPTER 11: VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA

SYMPTOMS OF BOTH TYPES OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS.

CAUSES OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS.

TYPES OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA

INDICATIVE TESTS FOR V A VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS

CHAPTER 12: JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM/ARRHYTHMIA

TREATMENT / MANAGEMENT OF JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM

CHAPTER 13: COMMON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS/ATHEROSCLEROSIS

HEART VALVE DISEASE

CARDIOMYOPATHY

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

The electrocardiogram (EKG) is one of the foremost useful diagnostic tests in medicine. It's an easy and cheap test often utilized in the evaluation of patients with pain. The ECG is the cornerstone of the diagnosis of cardiac ischemia and is employed to form decisions about suitability for therapy. It's an image of the heart's electrical conductivity. By examining changes from normal on the EKG, doctors can identify many heart condition processes.

I hope that you will enjoy this book, and above all that it will be useful to improve your knowledge of the subject.

CHAPTER 1:

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)

An electrocardiogram abbreviated as EKG or EKG may be a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart rhythm. An electrocardiogram is a Medical test that ascertains how well your heart is functioning by measuring the heart's electrical activity. With every heartbeat, an electrical impulse (or wave) passes through your heart. This wave causes the muscles to contract and pump blood from the heart.

The electrocardiograph (EKG or EKG for short) is a device that detects electrical activity coming from the heart in the body. Within the clinic, the EKG is one of the foremost commonly used diagnostic devices. The recording produced by the electrocardiograph is named an electrocardiogram.

Electrocardiogram waveform

An electrical impulse, also called a wave, passes through the heart. This wave causes the muscle to contract and pump blood from the heart. A standard heart rate on the ECG shows the timing of the upper and lower chambers of the heart.

The right and left upper chambers (atria) produce the first wave, called the P wave, which goes through a flat line when the electrical impulse travels to the lower chambers. The right and left lower chambers or ventricles produce the next wave, the QRS complex. The final wave or T wave represents the electrical recovery or return to a resting state of the ventricles. An EKG may be suggested if you are experiencing arrhythmia or any form of heart or chest problems.

The following image shows a normal ECG. Three distinctive characteristic features of the waveform are easily recognized: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave. The P wave is linked with activation and functioning of the atria, the QRS complex is linked with activation of the ventricles, and the T wave is linked with the Repolarization of the ventricles.

Electrocardiogram intervals

The interval between p-r is the time from the start of the P wave to the beginning of the Q-R-S complex.

The Q-R-S interval (width) is the time from the beginning to the end of the Q-R-S complex.

The Q-T interval (width) is the time frame between the Q-R-S complex and the T wave.

The R- R interval is the time frame from the peak of one R wave and the next R wave.

Electrocardiograph: Technical Principles

The electrocardiograph is an ineluctable electronic device that amplifies the microscopic potentials on the surface of the body so that it can be displayed on a video screen or recorded on a sheet of paper. The readings are picked up by electrodes put in well-defined anatomical positions on the surface of the body.

The main part of the ECG is an electronically amplified two vital input terminals, a non-inverting (+) input terminal and an inverting (-) input terminal. The output voltage Vo is merely proportional to the difference between the V+ and V- voltages appearing on the two input terminals:

Note; G = the gain of the amplifier.

Hence, the amplifier is called a differential amplifier as it evaluates the difference between two voltages.

You will remember from your introductory physics courses that voltage or electrical potential a relative quantity in the sense that the potential itself cannot be measured. Only differ in potential. Therefore, V+ and V- are each measured with respect to a

Reviews for ECG/EKG Interpretation

[Hector · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

Comprehensive and comprehensive guide to reading the ECG. Well-written, fluent and immediately understandable. Interesting first chapters on anatomy, physiology and electrical conduction. Particularly useful for ecg reading is the chapter on pathological conditions and hypertensive patient. Very useful.

[Rebecca · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

The book is smooth and easy to understand, suitable for anyone who wants to deepen the reading. The book is fluent and easy to understand, suitable for anyone who wants to deepen the reading of the electrocardiogram but does not want to engage in complex and endless academic tomes.Useful as a starting point and great to keep on hand for a quick review!