Survival and Punishment of the Slave Traffic from Gabon Until the Congo in 1840–1880 (Volume One)

By Isaac Mampuya Samba

We studied the survival and the suppression of big businesses in populations ranging odds Ogoou until the coast of the Congo. The captured slaves during the wars or raids were dragged on long sunny slopes and stored on board the slave ships. One should know that the Negro was therefore a commodity before becoming slave. This Negro commodity should be explained in two contexts: that of trafficking, who grabbed himself in Africa before it was sold in America and the slave system which required it to stress forced labor in colonial regime. The slave-money management, with its organized markets and regulations that was detrimental to the freedom of normal financial affairs and atrocities that had succeeded for centuries, moved him to public opinion. Abolitionists of trafficking and fierce supporters of the emancipation of slaves began a fierce struggle against all people interested in maintaining the forced exploitation of blacks by whites. In 1845 it was concluded by the Franco-British agreement to end trafficking on the African coast. But the Atlantic slave economics, which lasted more than three and a half centuries, began to decline only in 1860 and almost completely ceased in 1880. At the same time, the great offensive was growing slavers from Zanzibar and Khartoum. The ruins of the ancient states of Loango Kakongo, Ngoio, and those kingdoms of Kongo, Teke, or Kimbundu are clear. The effects are still numerous.

In fact, in this great doctoral thesis of Paris-Sorbonne, with 589 pages divided into two volumes, Samba Mampuya, or rather Isaac Mampuya Samba, under the direction of the late Professor Jean Ganiage (1924January 2012) and was supported in 1989, had precisely focused primarily on the following:

international relationships
colonization in Africa (from the nineteenth to the twentieth century)
Gabon
Congo
slave investment
slavery
repression cruises
slave banking in Congo (Democratic Republic)
universal history (nineteenth century)
slave accounts in Gabon history (nineteenth century)

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse UK
• Release date: Feb 7, 2018
• ISBN: 9781524635848

Isaac Mampuya Samba

Isaac MAMPUYA Samba (IsMaSa) est né en juillet 1952 à Kinshasa (au Congo - Kinshasa [alors : Congo belge et Kinshasa, la Capitale, anciennement Léopoldville]). Après ses Études Primaires dans la Commune de Ndjili, Quartier 2 [École Officielle Ndjili - XII, dans la même Capitale], Isaac MAMPUYA Samba avait soutenu plus tard, sa Thèse Doctorale à Paris - IV - Sorbonne, en 1989. Une Thèse PHÉNOMÉNALE qui fait Références dans Plusieurs Dizaines de Bibliothèques en France actuellement. Cfr. : Mampuya, Samba [WorldCat Identities] https://www.worldcat.org › identities › lccn-n92054012 Décembre 2019. Isaac MAMPUYA Samba rêvait déjà, déjà et déjà, depuis sa très tendre enfance, qu'il allait n'importe comment, devenir beaucoup, beaucoup plus tard dans sa carrière : un Écrivain . Qui plus est : un Écrivain Populaire . Et là, son rêve "de très tendre - enfance" devient : Plus que la Réalité. Plus que la Réalité ; car à l'Heure actuelle, Plusieurs Shops en Ligne répartis sur les Quatre Coins du Monde, consacrent ses bouquins : Plus Populaires . Sensationnelle Consécration.

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SURVIVAL AND PUNISHMENT

Of THE SLAVE TRAFFIC From

GABON Until The CONGO In

1840–1880

(VOLUME ONE)

Isaac Mampuya Samba

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Published by AuthorHouse 02/06/2018

ISBN: 978-1-5246-3585-5 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-5246-3584-8 (e)

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Table of Contents

Summary

Keywords

Note

Foreword

Main Acronyms

Delimitation Of The Subject

Introduction

* Genesis of the Atlantic slave trade

CHAPTER I PRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF STATES

BETWEEN THE COASTAL AND GABON CONGO TRAFFICKING IN

WHICH WAS ACTIVE

A.- THE GABONESES SIDES

I. - Location and description of Gabon.

II. -Habits and Customs of the Gabonese’s.

III.- Gabonese People toward 1850.

IV.- The centers of trading.

1.- The estuary of the Ogoué.

2.- The nearby coast of the estuary of the Ogoué.

3.- The coast of lagoons.

B. - THE RATINGS OF LOANGO

I.- Location, soil, water and forests

II.-The societies.

1. Characters of the people of Loango, their vices and their virtues.

2 Opinion on the soul in Loango (91).

3 Marriage, children’s education and recovery from illness

III.- Slave Settlements of the coast of Loango.

1.- The lagoons of Sette Camma.

2. St. Catherine and Rio Camma.

4. Point – Banda.

5. Kilongo.

6.- Loango

C.- THE COASTS OF CONGO.

I. Begetting of the slave trafficking.

II.- Life and customs of the Bakongo.

III.-Mains cities of Congo’s coasts.

1.- Kabinda.

2.- Ambriz.

IV.- The language, the religion and its ministers

V.- Description of trading centers in the borders of Congo

1. Black Point

2. Molembo

3. Kabinda

4. Shark – Point

5.Point – Padron

6. Mangal – Pequenna and Mangal – Grande

7. Bay of Funta

8. Ambrizetta

9. Pointe Seid – Rebambo

10. Ambriz

D. - PURCHASE AND IMPRISONMENT OF THE SLAVES IN THE

TRAFFICKING ESTABLISHMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC SITUATION

OF THE YEARS 1840

I. Routes to win the reservoirs of workforce

II.- Best opportunities to procure captives

III.- Incarceration of slaves in the barracoons

IV.- The economy of the years 1840

CHAPTER II ASPECTS AND IMPACT OF MILKING TRAFFIC IN

GABON, CONGO AND LOANGO

A.- ASPECTS OF GABONESE NEGROE TRAFFICKING

I. Causes of occupation of Gabon and the creation of a counter-

fortified

II.- Trafficking underworld

1. Situation of the early years of the 1845 agreement

2. Repressive measures transmitted to the Kings and Chiefs of

Gabon and persistence of illicit operations

TABLE OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

Map of coast between the mouth of the Ogoué and ribs of Congo

Toko, One Brocker And Significant Of Glass.

Known Gabon’s Villages In 1847

People And Places Of The Slave Trader To 1850 Along Side Of

Gabon

Plan Ratings Of Loango

The Kingdom Of Congo And Its Neighbours In1856

Major trading centers in the borders of Congo, in 1848

Drawing Thérond, after a water color of Vallon, do frigate captain.

–1861

The King Denis Rapontchombo And One’s Of His Wives

VOLUME No: 1

Isaac MAMPUYA Samba,

In:

SURVIVAL AND PUNISHMENT

OF THE SLAVE TRAFFIC FROM

GABON UNTIL THE CONGO IN

1840-1880 (VOLUME ONE).

Editions IsMaSa, London – Paris – Los Angeles

ILLUSTRATED IN COLOURS. TRANSLATED FROM THE

FRENCH TO AMERICAN BY HIMSELF THE AUTHOR ISAAC

MAMPUYA SAMBA Doctor of Es Letters (Paris – Sorbonne)

The French Law of 11 March 1957 authorizing under paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41, on one hand, copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use and not intended for use collective and, secondly, analyzes and short quotations for the purposes of example and illustration, any reproduction or reproduction, or part, without the consent of the author or his beneficiaries – right or assigns, is illegal (paragraph 1 of Article 40).

This representation or reproduction, by any means whatsoever, constitute an infringement punishable under Articles 425 and following of the Penal Code.

© Editions Publishing IsMaSa, London – Paris – Los Angeles

Summary

As the football players for example dribble with the ball; and it turns out that, the Author Isaac MAMPUYA Samba as for him with his Scripture, he simply dribbles with: 26 Letters of Phoenician Alphabet; 10 Numbers of Arabic Numeral and a Pencil or a Computer; with above all to crown the whole, the ZEST: Effective Innate Personal Talent. And so, always and always generating for Isaac MAMPUYA Samba, an Unique Scripture; or rather: And so, always and always generating for IsMaSa, an Unique Scripture to the Superlative; or, in order to be able to express it, one could not do better: And so, always and always generating for Isaac MAMPUYA Samba, an Unique Scripture in the Superlative of the Superlatives. And as a result, the Tour is automatically played: The Notoriety; a Planetary Notoriety that happens or rather: which is confirmed.

Demonstration:

Signed: IsMaSa

W e studied the survival and the suppression of big business in populations ranging odds Ogooué, until the coast of the Congo. The capture of the slaves during the wars or raids, dragged on long sunny slopes, and stored on board the slave ships. One should know that the Negro was therefore a commodity before becoming slave. This negro commodity, it should be explained in two contexts: -that of trafficking, who grabbed at himself in Africa, before it was sold in America; -that and the slave system which required it stresses of forced labor in colonial regime. The slave money management with its organized markets and regulations was detrimental to the freedom of normal financial affairs ; and atrocities that had succeeded for centuries, moved him to public opinion. Abolitionists of trafficking and fierce supporters of the emancipation of slaves began a fierce struggle against all people interested in maintaining the forced exploitation of blacks by whites. In 1845 was concluded the Franco-British agreement to end trafficking on the African coast. But the Atlantic slave economics , which lasted more than three and a half centuries, began to decline only in 1860, and almost completely ceased in 1880. At the same time, the great offensive was growing slavers from Zanzibar and Khartoum. The ruins of the ancient states of Loango Kakongo, Ngoio, and those kingdoms of: Kongo; Teke or Kimbundu is clear: the effects are still numerous.

In fact, in this Great Doctoral Thesis of Paris IV - Sorbonne, of 589 pages, divided into two volumes, Samba MAMPUYA; or rather: Isaac MAMPUYA Samba, under the direction of the late Professor Jean Ganiage (1924 - January 2012) and supported in 1989, Isaac MAMPUYA Samba precisely, had focused primarily on:

Keywords

• International relationships.

• Colonization in Africa (19 – 20th Centuries).

• Gabon.

• Congo.

• Slave investment.

• Slavery.

• Repression Cruises.

• Slave banking – Congo (Democratic Republic).

• – Universal History – 19th Century.

• Slave accounts Gabon – – – History 19th Century.

Note

This exceptional study (Taking into account of course the content of the researches made carried out in there). (; that is to say: Isaac MAMPUYA Samba and AuthorHouse) thus relaunching Publications – here, in American before and French later.

Demonstration:

Foreword

T his book is in four volumes is a thesis realized for obtaining THE UNIVERSITY DEGREE STUDIES DOCTORAL (UDSD) 3 rd cycle, University of Paris Sorbonne Paris - IV, and supported in February 1989. These long-term research and great sacrifices (to achieve realization of this thesis), were made by us, under the direction of Professors Jean Ganiage and Jean Martin.

Professor Jean. MARTIN had for us, not only given us the necessary advice regarding the research literature, but also, it is he who suggested the theme of our research. Initially, he had proposed two topics:

1) << Religious mutations in Central Africa: Kimbanguiste phenomenon >>.

2) << Survival and Repression of the slave economic affairs to Bata, until the mouths of Congo, in the Nineteenth Century >>.

Given the advantage of the documentation that we have in Europe, on the second point, we did not hesitate a moment to choose it.

As for Professor Jean Ganiage, he had not only given us useful advice during his seminars of History of International Relations and Demography, but also (let us remember we are also very though) ‘Thanks to his outstanding contest, during a discussion at Clignancourt, we managed to limit our subject in space and time; which became the subject: << Survival and Repression of the Slave Traffic from Gabon to Congo from 1840 to 1880 >>.

It is also thanks to the helpful observations of gentlemen Professors Jean MARTIN and Jean Ganiage. They have never ceased to lavish us: thanks to their indispensable corrections on all points (style, syntax, historical nomenclature etc …), which have earned us improve our doctoral thesis. That these two eminent professors will please the both of them find here the expression of our deep and affectionate gratitude. We so thank them very deeply.

We also feel gratitude to Professor François Crouzet, who not only was the Jury President of our defense, but [consequently] had accepted the thankless task of reading our thesis. Despite, its many concerns, Mr. F. Crouzet had spared neither his time nor his trouble to give us advice which we serve in our future research; so we are indebted to its essential points.

Main Acronyms

A.R. = Apostolic Annals. [A.A.].

A.N.S.O.M. = National Archives Overseas Section. [N.A.O.S.].

C.A.F. = Newsletter French Africa Committee. [N.F.A.C.].

C.E.R. = Papers of African Studies. [P.O.A.S.].

E.I.C. = Independent State of Congo. [I.S.C.].

J.A.H. = Journal of African History. [J.O.A.H.].

L. C. = The Correspondent. [T.C.].

M.I.E.C. = Memoirs Of The Institute Of Central African Studies. [M.O.T.I.O.C.A.S.].

N.A.M.C. = New Annals Of The Navy And The Colonies. [N.A.O.T.N.A.T.C.].

N.A.V. = New Annals Of Travel. [N.A.O.T.].

PRO. = Public Record Office. [PRO].

R. C. = Colonial Review. [C.R.].

C.M.R. = Maritime Colonial Review. [M.C.R.].

S.D.N. = League Of The Nations. [L.O.N.].

Delimitation Of The Subject

Why survival of Trafficking? -It’s because on several occasions and at various times, Transposition or Transposing of Negroes was removed, but she continued to survive and lament the African continent.

Why did we choose the geographical area ranging from Gabon to Congo? -An Apart is that we know the history, customs and traditions of the inhabitants of the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Else hand, for convenience, we cannot study in a single job All regions of Africa, which is why we did this limitation in space.

In the 1840s (and even before), British and French cruisers, descended to southern Guinea, to combat the transfer. It was necessary for France to have safe harbors and create a coaling station and other food for the buildings of the French Navy, hence, the creation of the post of Gabon in 1843. France had treaties with the kings and chiefs Mpongwe; these treaties recognize her sovereignty over the territories of the Ogoué, and prohibited the same time these kings and local chiefs, the practice of trafficking.

In 1845 was concluded the Franco-British agreement to end trafficking on the African coast. This agreement was signed in London on 29 May 1845 by the Comte of Saint-Aulaire, peer of France, and ambassador near His Britannic Majesty, the Duke of Broglie, president of the Chamber of Peers; and the Count of Aberdeen, peer of the United Kingdom, the Secretary of the Foreign Office, and Stephen Lushington, Queen’s Counsel, and judge in its high Admiralty court.

The Convention of 29 May 1845 had been concluded for ten years; it stipulated that during that period the previous conventions, that is to say, those of 4 March 1831 and 22 May 1833, should be suspended. Also, towards the end of the fifth year, the Contracting Parties should decide according to circumstances, either to reinstate or in part, the said agreements or to amend or repeal all or part of the convention of 1845.

Finally, at the end of the 10th year – if prior agreements were not reinstated, they should be considered like abrogated, the 1845 agreement naturally ceasing to have effect at the same time.

This was the situation since May 29 of the year 1845. The cruisers of the French naval division of the west coast of Africa and those of the British naval station on the same coast that could not make the necessary efforts to exercise conversely, on the flags of the two nations, to supervision to prevent that, these pavilions were not usurped by the slavers. So it was so, that the slave ships were pursued by British and French patrols and international. The Atlantic slave tit for tat, which lasted more than three and a half centuries, began to decline only in 1860, and almost completely ceased in 1880. But at the same time amplified the great offensive slavers from Zanzibar and Khartoum.

Introduction

R egarding the situation of swap (1) { Reciprocation herein, means the export of slaves purchased, to other countries, other continents.} to the south coast of Guinea and Congo, or even the whole of Africa, we believe essential to recall briefly what part had taken the old and the new world to abolish switch ; this odious scourge which had long of supplantment of Europe (2) {Interrelation that this time was the subject of a nearly general reprobation in Europe had not always been considered as adversely as we could believe.} , which afflicted humanity and desolated Africa. But first, let briefly its genesis.

* Genesis of the Atlantic slave trade

The slave supplanting went hand in hand with the great Portuguese discoveries of the XV th century –. It does not seem, however, it would have been from the beginning a profit of shipments, but its practice was part of the customs of the time and one addicted to it quite naturally. Moreover, the gradual expansion of reciprocity was the result of the transformation of the economic motivations of the Lusitanian expansion.

Those of the first sailors who circumvented Africa were mainly of two kinds: -Go sources of gold production in Sudan, which until then succeeded in Europe through North Africa; -discover a sea route to reach India and markets of silks and spices. By passing the African continent, the first marine-knights were also looking for the kingdom of Priest John, that is to say Abyssinia (3) {That is to say, the current Ethiopian territory.} which ‘is hoped to be an ally against the infidels.

From 1483, the travels of the explorer Câo Diego, opened the doors of the Portuguese Central Africa, through the Kingdom of Kongo. Thus were born Kongo deals households, alongside the colonization of Sao Thome, where, the culture the cane rapidly grew. The first settlers of the island of Sao Thome were deported and converted Jewish children (4). These new Christians were married to imported slaves the coast of Guinea