French for Success: Progressive French Grammar. Book 3 (Intermediate 2)
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About this ebook
Although there are over four thousand verbs in category 1A, it takes only a few minutes to master their conjugations. This is because conjugation is merely a substitution of radicals. Corresponding verb endings do not change. Even some irregular verbs share this concept of common-radical conjugation. They include those ones that have two stems or radicals. The conjugation shortcuts exposed in these manuals will help minimize spelling errors.
But the curious might wonder why we prefer categories to groups. The reason is simple. Currently, there are three main groupsfirst, second, and third groups. However, within each group, there are multiple subgroups, which do not necessarily share the same patterns of conjugation at all. In the first group alone, there are seventeen subgroups. We reduce those seventeen groups to eight; group B comprises verbs ending in ir, such as finir and agir. But there are countless other verbs in ir that do not share the same conjugations as finir and agir. Partir, sortir, and mentir share a pattern of conjugation that is different from finir and agir. Courir and its compound verbs have a totally different pattern of conjugation. So do many other groups of verbs ending in ir.
In the same vein, group 3 contains, among other groups of verbs, attendre, prendre, coudre, moudre, etc., with each group having a conjugation pattern entirely different from the others, although they all end in re. Therefore, our definition of category is a group of verbs that have mutually substitutable radicals and mutually interchangeable endings in a given tense. Aim-, parl-, cout-, and donn- can replace one another, but they cannot replace cd-, accd-, etc., although these verbs are said to belong the premier group and end in er.
Themes are selected to facilitate visual identification. Thus, adjectives of the same form are grouped together both according to the gender and number. It becomes easier to distinguish masculine from feminine or the singular form from the plural.
The manuals are divided into four books for the progressive acquisition of the rules of French grammar. Comparative forms are continued in book 3. Also treated in this volume are present and past perfect tenses, direct and indirect objects, negation, and interrogative mood. Students learn to form nouns from verbs, and the contexts in which those nouns are used.
Finally, indirect speech, synonyms, antonyms, suffixes, and prefixes are examined.
Philip Ejikeme
Th e author has a degree in Modern Languages (French and German) from University of Nigeria, Nsukka, a certifi cate in French Language and History as well as a from University of Geneva. He taught French in secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria, worked as a translator with the Embassy of Nigeria, Bern, Switzerland, in addition to working with various Swiss administrations in charge of asylum matters including the Swiss Federal Offi ce for Migrations. He also created and managed an online portal, fasterfrench.com for self-learning of French.
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French for Success - Philip Ejikeme
Unit 1. Other comparatives : autant de….. que ; plus de…..que ; moins de ……que
Autant de …+ noun + que
means "as many …… as,
as much ….as"
Consider these sentences:
Musa a 25 vaches. Abdullahi a 25 vaches. Abdullahi a autant de vaches que Musa.
Musa has 25 cows. Abdullahi has 25 cows. Abdullahi has as many cows as Musa.
Abdel a 20 vaches et 20 moutons. Abdel a autant de vaches que de moutons
Abdel has as many cows as sheep.
We use autant de… que to express identical values/equal quantities.
Un lion mange environ 5 kg de viande par jour. Un tigre mange environ 5 kg de viande par
jour. Un lion mange autant de viande qu’un tigre. A lion eats as much meat as a tiger.
Lucie gagne $10’000. Michelle gagne $10’000. – Lucie gagne autant d’argent que Michelle.
Lucie earns as much money as Michelle.
Moins de … que … less… than J’ai moins d’argent que Paul. I have less money than Paul.
Kemi a moins d’amies que Bisi. – Kemi has less friends than Bisi-
We use moins de …… que to express quantities of lesser values.
Tu as 10 frères. J’ai 5 frères. – Tu as plus de frères que moi. J’ai moins de frères que toi.
You have more brothers than I. / I have less brothers than you.
Plus de ……. que is used to express quantities of greater value than..
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with plus de ……que ; autant de ……..que ;
moins de …… que.
a. Un train transporte jusqu’à 800 passagers. Un avion transporte jusqu’à 400 passagers.
Un train transporte__________passagers qu’un avion. Un avion transporte __________de passagers qu’un train.
b. La commune de Njaba a 10 hôpitaux. La commune d’Orlu a 20 hôpitaux.
La commune de Njaba a. ______________ d’hôpitaux ____________ la commune d’Orlu.
c. Dans notre classe, il y a 20 garçons et 25 filles.
Dans notre classe, il y a_____de garçons que de filles; il y a_____ de filles que de garçons.
d. J’ai 4 sœurs et 6 frères. – J’ai_______de frères que de sœurs. J’ai_______de sœurs que de frères.
e. Ma voiture consomme 6 litres d’essence aux 100 km. Ta voiture en consomme 10 litres
– Ta voiture consomme__________d’essence que la mienne
Ma voiture consomme__________d’essence que la tienne.
f. La Chine remporte 16 médailles d’or. Les Etats-Unis remportent 16 médailles d’or. –
Les Etats-Unis remportent__________de médailles d’or que la Chine.
g. Ma voiture consomme 10 litres d’essence aux 100 km. Ta voiture en consomme 10 aussi.
– Ma voiture consomme__________d’essence que ta voiture.
Vocabulary :
La commune - the local government
Remporter - to win (in a competition)
La voiture – car
Ma voiture consomme beaucoup d’essence. – My car consumes a lot of fuel
Ta voiture consomme moins d’essence. – Your car consumes less fuel
La vache – cow ; le mouton – sheep
______________________________________________________________________
C’est la fête des Mères – It’s Mothers’ Day
Maman, tu es la meilleure maman du monde – Mum, you are the best mother in the world-
Joyeuse fête, maman – Happy celebration, mum.
Nous avons une surprise pour notre maman. We have a surprise for our mum.
Nous allons préparer un gateau pour elle. – We are going to make a cake for her.
Bonne fête à toutes les mamans ! Happy celebration to all mums !
Tu es la plus merveilleuse des mères. – You are the most marvelous mother.
Maman est simplement unique. Mum is just unique.
Tu es la plus douce et la plus gentille. – You are the sweetest and the kindest.
Birthdays
Joyeux anniversaire à Edet et Ukeme – Happy birthday to Edet and Ukeme
Bon anniversaire à mon amour! Que serait la vie sans toi ? Happy birthday to my love ! What would life be without you?
Je te souhaite un bon et heureux anniversaire. I wish you a joyful and happy birthday
Nous vous souhaitons un bon anniversaire. We wish you happy birthday.
______________________________________________________________________
Marriage announcements
Nous nous marions le 4 septembre. We are getting married on 4th September.
Ibe et Chioma se marient, et ont le plaisir de vous inviter à leur mariage.
Ibe and Chioma are getting married, and are pleased to invite you to their wedding.
Félicitations pour votre mariage. – Congratulations on your wedding.
Vive les mariés Long live the newly weds
Unit 2. Present tense of Category 4A Verbs: -éger
Verbs in this group end in –éger, and include abréger, piéger, siéger
The verbs in this group include:
Abréger, agréger, assiéger, désagréger, piéger, siéger
Note the change of verbs in this category, we use one radical or stem for personal pronouns 1, 2, 3, 6. E.g. abrèg- Similarly, we use a slightly different radical – abrég - which applies to both personal pronouns 4 and 5. So add the endings to the corresponding stems, and the conjugation is done.
J’abrège le chapitre en quelques lignes. – I summarize the chapter in a few lines
Nous abrégeons les échanges. We shorten the rally (as in tennis).
Exercise 2. 1 Construct a similar table, and place these verbs: abréger, piéger, siéger
Exercise 2.2 Put the correct form of the verbs
a. L’homme_______ses victimes sur Internet (piéger)
b. Est-ce que tu_______au comité exécutif de cette association ? (siéger)
c. Vous______________au conseil d’administration depuis 5 ans (siéger)
d. Plusieurs Etats leurs programmes scolaires pour des raisons budgétaires.(alléger)
e. Nous______________la longue histoire. On_______ ses vacances pour des raisons
diverses. (abréger)
f. Environ 400 sénateurs_______au sénat nigérian. (siéger)
Abréger – to shorten, cut short, abridge, abbreviate
Agréger – to aggregate, to put together in a group, incorporate into a group
Alléger – to reduce, lighten, ease, make lighter
Assiéger – to besiege, lay siege to, mob
Désagréger – to crumble, disintegrate, break up, split up
Piéger – to trap, set a trap
Siéger – to sit in/be a member of (board of administration, a committee), have its headquarters in; to be in session (e.g. a court, a parliament)
____________________
Partir en vacances – to go on holiday/vacation
Prendre ses vacances – to take one’s holiday
Nous passons nos vacances à Accra, au Ghana. – We are spending our holidays in Ghana.
J’ai deux semaines de vacances. – I have two weeks’ vacation
Où est-ce que tu vas passer tes vacances? – Where are you going to spend your holidays ?
Je vais passer mes vacances à Enugu, à Londres, à Dubaï, à Obudu.
I am going to spend my holiday at Enugu, at London, at Dubai, at Obudu.
Mes amis ont passé leurs vacances à Abidjan en Côte d’Ivoire
My friends spent their vacation at Abidjan in Ivory Coast.
Musa part en vacances en Arabie saoudite – Musa is going on vacation to Saudi Arabia.
Monica a passé 1 mois de vacances à Cotonou, au Bénin. – Monica spent a month’s holiday at Cotonou in Benin.
Le congé de maternité – maternity leave.
Bola vient d’avoir un bébé. – Bola has just had a baby
Elle a pris 5 semaines de congé de maternité. – She has taken 5-week maternity leave.
Catherine va bientôt commencer son congé de maternité. – Catherine will soon start her maternity leave.
Unit 3. Category 5A Verbs include céder, accéder, procéder, libérer, posséder, etc.
These verbs have two radicals: one "accèd-" for je
tu
il/elle
ils/elles
the other "accéd-" for "nous" and "vous"
accéder, accélérer, adhérer, céder, célébrer, coopérer, compléter, cogérer, déléguer,
délibérer, considérer, posséder, déposséder, exonérer, générer, intégrer, hypothéquer,
libérer, pénétrer, persévérer, péter, pécher
J’accède tu accèdes il/elle accède nous accédons vous accédez ils/elles accèdent
Je cède tu cèdes il/elle cède nous cédons vous cédez ils/elles cèdent
Je possède tu possèdes il/elle possède nous possédons vous possédez ils/elles possèdent
Je délègue tu délègues il/elle délègue nous déléguons vous déléguez ils/elles délèguent
Exercise 3.1
Create verb endings and radicals 1 and 2 for each of the following verbs and show the personal pronouns corresponding to the endings:
accéder, accélérer, adhérer, céder, célébrer, coopérer, compléter, cogérer, déléguer,
délibérer, considérer, posséder, déposséder, exonérer, générer, gérer, intégrer, hypothéquer, libérer, pénétrer, persévérer, péter, pécher
Exercise 3. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in present tense.
a. Aujourd’hui, on____ à l’aéroport par bus, par taxi ou en train. Nous___________au stade final de cette compétition. (accéder).
b. Elles_______toujours leurs places à des personnes âgées ou handicapées. Est-ce que vous________votre place à quelqu’un qui en a besoin ? (céder)
c. Nous_______cette année le 40ème anniversaire de mariage. Notre petite-fille, Ezinne,________son 10ème anniversaire (célébrer).
d. Comme je voyage souvent, je_________des tâches à mon adjoint. (déléguer).
e. Comme nous voyageons souvent, nous_________des tâches au comptable. (déléguer).
f. Madame Dabo______________l’entreprise familiale avec son mari. (cogérer).
g. Ou nous______________(persévérer), ou nous_________notre avenir.
(hypothéquer).
h. Les nouveaux élèves n’_______les classes normales qu’après le passage dans des classes d’accueil. (intégrer).
i. Cette situation nous____________beaucoup. (inquiéter)
j. Ils______________la moitié de leurs biens aux organisations caritatives. (léguer)
k. Cette défaite est amère. Nous la______________mal. (digérer)
l. Comment______________-vous le stress face à cette situation? (gérer)
m. C’est toi qui choisis les rôles que tu______________ ? (interpréter)
n. J’________________les difficultés que nous rencontrons tous les jours. (énumérer).
o. On ne________________pas ce genre de problèmes du jour au lendemain. (régler)
p. Tu m’____________avec cette remarque. (inquiéter)
q. Nous’____________que ce choix vous plaira. (espérer)
Accéder à – to reach, attain, have