Kinematics of the Brain Activities

By Mostafa M. Dini

The brain, as it was popular for years, is not a computer. The brain structure and mechanism are developed by evolutionary roles of nature. Basic physical roles in nature as well as tendencies in plants and instincts in animals are previous ways for integration with nature. The evolution of hard relations between substances to biological soft behaviors of life can be traced along with evolution of integration centers. If gravity center is the integration center for substance interaction to stay in a balance condition, digesting system is the integration center for plant tendency to grow by turning toward light and nerve system is integration center for primary animal instinct to protect its survival, brain has been developed in millions of years for front lobe as human integration center to fulfill his self-identity and effective self-protection. This book is all about a new way to understand human brain.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris US
• Release date: Nov 22, 2010
• ISBN: 9781453588369

Mostafa M. Dini

Mostafa M. Dini graduated in Chemical Engineering. His greatest achievements to date go back to working as a conceptual designer for years. His taste is scientific both experimental and theoretical. He likes nature and has tried to live closely to nature. He believes living close to nature brings back peace and love to humanity.

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Copyright © 2010 by Mostafa M. Dini.

Library of Congress Control Number:       2010914565

ISBN:         Hardcover                               978-1-4535-8835-2

                   Softcover                                 978-1-4535-8834-5

                   Ebook                                      978-1-4535-8836-9

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Contents

Dedication

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1 (General)

Outline of a Mentation

A Summary of How Mentation Works

Chaotic Behavior of Brain Functions

Viscoelasticity and Continuous Functionality

Defining Mentation Flow in Fluid Flow Terms

Energy Types in the Brain

Type of Working Energy and Its Transfer

Type of Energy Transfer Currents

Type of Currents

Overview of Mentation and Its Relation with Momentum Transfer

Growing and Self-Regularity Behavior of the Brain

Chapter 2 (Sub-Substrates)

Stress-strain behavior of brain

Brain tissues stress-strain characteristics and its behavior(I)

Brain Tissue Stress-Strain Characteristics (II)

Fibers Tissue Stress-Strain Characteristics (III)

Saving Memories by Deformation of Substrate Components

Fiber Deformation Shape

Memory as a self-similar affine of a mentation pattern

Memory consolidation and recall mechanism

Chapter 3 (Substrates)

Substrate

What makes the firings synchronized?

Em-field forces and energy packet formation

Forces on Substrates

Relation between Frequency and Energy Particle Size

Normal and Angular Momentum

Attractors

Communicating between Layers’ Substrates

Flow Blockage, Attraction and Resonance

Natural resonance frequency

Condensation

Growing Attractors in Middle Brain (Pseudoenvironment of Substances and Events)

Attractor Complication to Compensate for an Accessible Environment

Attractors’ unification and increase in complexity

Chapter 4 (Location-Continued Pathway)

Pathway

Em-Field Oscillation and the Pathway

Proceeding of Synchronization from Substrate to Substrate along a Pathway

Reynolds Stress Analysis for a Mentation

Porous media for energy flow and rate-limiting configuration

Interaction rate-limiting method

Pathway Selection

Energy Levels, Energy Packets and Pathways

Determining Condition for a Pathway

Under Stress Nerve Fibers, Substrates and Layers

Pathway and Attractors

Middle Brain and Language Zones as Pseudoenvironment for Mentations Products

Converging, Diverging, and Parallel Branching

Energy Packets Flow Viscosity Estimation

Chapter 5 (Time-Continued Pathways)

Mentation Physical Bed

Emotions and Their Types

Mentation Errors

Output Intermediates Circulation

Circulating Pathways in a Mentation

Error Consideration in Thinking

Brain fatigue and regeneration

Sequence of sleep stages

Sleep compared to waking time mentation

Emotional Patterns

Mentations within Bands of Frequency

Chapter 6 (Layers)

Viscoelasticity and Continuous Functionality

Physical Meaning of Mentation and Its Memory

Layers of Brain and the Kind of Memory They Maintain

Three Levels in Brain Layers

Region Specialization Growth

Evolution and develop of brain layers

Middle-Layer Development

Entropy Changes

Entropy production in waking and disposal in sleep

Kinetic Description of Outer Layer Function

Transfer of Mentation Fractal to Memory Location

Nonconscious, Subconscious, and Conscious Thoughts

Mentation products

Creation of concepts

Mentation population growth

Simultaneous mentations

Middle Brain and Language Zones as Pseudoenvironment for Mentations Products

Awareness

Values

Static, Functional, and Event Memories Areas in the Brain

Chapter 7 (Brain-Environment-Body)

Pattern Individualization

Changes of Patterns and Specialty Growth in Substrates

Extroversion vs. introversion of mentation products

Symbols to Convey Patterns in the Brain

Patterns Playing within the Brain

Trained Patterns in the Brain

Conclusion

Dedication

In memory of my parents…

Preface

This volume first aims to introduce a different attitude toward the brain outer layer function, and second, it defines specific study projects according to the model. More complementary and multidisciplinary studies in this field would help to trace both brain behaviors and brain macro-scale structure.

The book falls into two parts. In this volume, which covers part 1, the attempt has been done to conceptually explain the study. In the next volume, an introduction to kinetic approach to brain behaviors is given.

To make a kinematic model, a simplified neuroscience explanation of brain activities is required. The most updated describing models are collected and summarized in part 1. This summary prepares a background to the kinetic models in part 2.

The point that makes this research exceptional is that, up to now, brain functions have been mostly studied by their established neurons connectivity networks; while in this study, further to communicating networks, their imposed momentum on the related substrates and resulting in fine temporary deformation in physical structure have been taken into consideration.

This book suits different people from many different disciplines. Some physics and fluid dynamics background as well as basic neuroscience knowledge would be required to follow the subject easier.

The chapters in volume 1 are organized according to brain structural levels of components of a substrate, substrate, location-continued pathway, time-continued pathways, brain layers, and brain as a whole, guiding the readers to smoothly follow and understand the proposed model on a macro-scale level of structure. Samples of behavior, output product and continuum, which are hosted by any structure unit, are given in other columns as follows.

In chapter 1, general description of model is presented. In chapter 2, substrate components for free energy flow is discussed in more detail. In chapters 3, 4, and 5, substrate of any energy Packet and pathway for any current of energy Packets is detailed. In any mentation, substrates or pathways in different layers can be involved, which will be discussed in chapter 6. Finally, in chapter 7, brain communicating channels and related aspects in the whole brain are described.

In volume 2, all concepts will be developed for further understanding of the model’s dynamic characteristic.

Introduction

The term mentation used in this book conveys the meaning of (1) reflexive signals, (2) feeling, (3) current of automatic thoughts, and (4) thinking as well as (5) dreaming. All of the above-mentioned behaviors are the products of brain functions. Later behaviors are developed evolutionarily by the creation of a new species of mammals which continued to coexist together. Thinking, thoughts, and feelings are oftentimes woven together, yet feelings are more primitive brain behaviors while focused thinking are probably started by neocortex developments.

Thinking is an advanced activity of development in the frontal lobe. But even by the highest focus efforts in thinking, it is not free from previous behaviors like feelings and automatic thoughts.

The evolutionary increases in complexity of brain structure guide us to believe that instincts are made of basic needs, feelings of instincts, thoughts of feelings, and thinking of automatic thoughts.

Mentations in their communication with environment, when they simulate the motor sensory, will not be expressed only by words which are indicative of feeling, thoughts or thinking, but a content of emotion will also be disposed.

Similarly, pictorial images are expressed by shapes and symbols, pictures, maps, and drawings. When mentations are expressed, emotions would be attached to them. Dreams, as one of the mentation types, like artistic works such as painting and composing poems, are known for conveying emotions. If mentations, including feelings, dreaming, and thinking, are internal behaviors of the brain, then taking action, communicating and expressing emotions, would be its external products. Mentation is the moving part of a continuum in the brain which converts to expression or action through motor sensory while its standing part consolidates as memory.

Continuum is a combination of energy levels around the attractors (similar to orbits around nucleus in atoms), and it takes a fractal shape in the complex system of brain, which we commonly refer to as the mind. An attractor is a far substrate which is not located in continuous pathway, but it has the same or multiple frequencies of specific substrates in the pathway which hosts the mentation and influences the pathway configuration by resonance.

Localized continuum is configured as an equilibrium plan and is known by its potential energy level. Travelling continuum is configured as a nonequilibrium layer, and it is known by its kinetic-energy level. By level, a matrix of levels specification is meant and not a scalar. Therefore it can be demonstrated by a topological complex (a curvature). The frequency which can be assigned to that is a structural or natural frequency for the substrate frequency.

The below schema shows the way mentation, daily regeneration, and functionality growth are linked together in the brain.

General brain functions.jpg

General brain functions

Chapter 1

 (General)

Outline of a Mentation

Energy transfer has different states in the brain: stationary fluctuations, laminar, transmittal, or turbulent forwarding flows. Being laminar or rippling are two general states which cover all above-mentioned kinds of energy transfer. Rippling is irregular and chaotic behavior when an initiation making a laminar movement becomes unstable. In such a case, the movement spontaneously oscillates, and oscillation is parallel to moving forward.

Springlike helical movement in fine elements of tissues around the fibers in the outer layer of the brain, along a pathway, is an example for this kind of energy transfer. Rippling amplitude defines the substrate characteristic length of one springlike movement which makes an energy Packet. A substrate is a small area of the brain with the same physical characteristics. Viscosity of a media, consisting of energy Packets, depending on the fiber-tissue structures on the region, is variable. Energy density, depending on the energy layers’ configuration on the substrates, is also a variable.

The average velocity of energy transfer through pathways may be assumed as a constant of a few (3-5) meters per second. The average speed of a mentation in general is a function of activities of consisting substrates. In some references, It is said that the average velocity is in a range of 4-10 meters per second[1] although its random values as speed of nerve transmission pulses is in a range of 1 to 100 meters per second[2]. It is clear that any mentation starts with a rippling storm and settles with a creeping termination. Therefore, any index that indicates flow state (like potential-to-kinetic energy ratio, which Reynolds number is the one used in fluid dynamics) should start with a high number and reduce to almost zero.

It can be concluded that:

• Initially, many energy Packets are produced by inputs which have weak correlations.

• Attractors accelerate interactions between them and direct a pathway.

• When energy Packets with activated sites in substrates change in configuration and energy value, the correlations become stronger toward termination. Distribution of absorbed and transferred energies is according to substrate activities in a pathway.

• Absorbed energies in substrates are initially in shape of confined energy. Confined energies are sources for induced stress forces on the pathway.