Historiography: From the Hagiographic Novel to Predictive Science Section I - The Scientific Method Applied to the Human Condition - Book VII

By Giano Rocca

The history that is studied in schools and universities appears only to be a series of events similar to those of fantasy (of the same value as novels, but with a series of dates, which make reading very boring, also in relation to the fact that the dates are placed in relation to the “great” characters and “great” events, and not in relation to the flow of chronological time, in turn, related to the actual historical evolution, and therefore make this dating completely cumbersome, difficult to understand and hardly memorable).
Historiography capable of being a “teacher of life” has always been hoped for, but official historiography can be, at best, a teacher of literature and ... of incensation, or demonization, of those who are considered the “makers of history”, since it is considered the history as a series of events decided by “great characters”, whose willpower is such as to determine the evolution of history, understood as a progressive line, albeit with moments of, inexplicable, stasis, preceded and followed by, equally inexplicable, accelerations.
The analysis of history, which I have exhibited in previous volumes, and which contemplates an evolutionary dynamic, dictated by the essence of society based: on the principle, on institutional reality, and on economic and social relations, which are typical of statehood, finds confirmation in the exposition of the events, and of the profound reality, of the millennia ranging from the fifth millennium BCE to contemporaneity, which I will expose in this volume and in the next. In the first section of this analysis (exhibited in this volume), i analyzed the various historical cycles, which have followed one another from the “Proto-Archaic” Era (according to scans made by the official historiography) to the first part of the “Early Middle Ages” , while in the second section of the discussion, i propose to analyze the dynamics of the historical cycle experienced by the preponderant part of the human species, starting from the second part of the “High Middle Ages” and that persists in the “Contemporary Age”, without neglecting the fact that a not marginal part of humanity lived, in the twentieth century CE, and still lives, in the first decades of the twenty-first century, , a further historical cycle, which, on the basis of the definition of some art historians, i have defined: the historical cycle of “Postmodern Age”. I believe that this conception of historical evolution can be an effective “teacher of life” for the people, the populations, but, also, for the rulers, (the latter would, finally, understand what historical moment we are experiencing and what are the real prospects for evolution, over time short and medium term) and finally, for the real men, who would finally realize how urgent a qualitative leap in the process of universal civilizing is, without being engulfed by a dynamic that has nothing in common with nature human and with its purposes.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Giano Rocca
• Release date: May 15, 2021
• ISBN: 9781005487690

Giano Rocca

Giano Rocca was born in a small village in the Langhe, called Roccaverano, from parents of humble origins. After completing his primary school studies, he moved to Turin, where he attended secondary school and the University, enrolling in the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy. He was a pupil of the political philosopher Norberto Bobbio. He attended school institutions supporting himself with his work, employed by the large local industry, then called "FIAT". His interests can be summarized in the study of "social" and "human" sciences, although he soon realized that knowledge in these sectors had not yet reached the episteme of science. He was primarily determined to carry out an analysis of history capable of compensating for the gaps and contradictions of current conceptions and, in particular, of Marxist analysis, whose alleged "scientific essence" has been falsified by the anti-communist revolutions that have occurred in the Soviet Union and in the countries of realized Socialism, especially in Eastern Europe. The published books aim to provide an overall view of the human condition, with particular attention to the historical reality of societies based on statehood, analyzing them in their structural complexity and their historical dynamics, to identify the possible outcome of human evolution itself. He developed the concept of degrees of civilizing, identifying the fifth level of civilizing in the "closed societies", or feudal ones, while in the "open societies", or mercantile ones, he identified the sixth level of civilizing. The sixth level of civilizing, however, appears neither irreversible, nor automatically a harbinger of further progress, which progress can only come from a metamorphosis, or palingenesis, of the human condition, which undermines the very presuppositions of organic-stratified societies, of to which the societies based on statehood, as a whole, are but the most advanced examples. To accomplish this palingenesis, neither the "class struggle" nor the social and political revolutions are suitable. It is necessary to rethink, in depth, the causes of the formation of the historical structural reality and, once the remedies have been identified, apply them to individuals and their inter-personal relationships, a premise for overcoming the conflict between individuality and sociality, defined by philosophers as the great "social problem". It is necessary to lay the foundations for the planning and creation of a sociality consistent with the most authentic nature of individuals, enhancing, and not sacrificing, their individualization. This is achieved by creating nuclei of a new type of society, which is able to fully satisfy the basic needs of individuals and their need for progress of the level of civilizing. This new type of company can be defined: SOCIETY SOCIALITARIAN.

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Historiography: From the Hagiographic Novel to Predictive Science

Section I

The Scientific Method Applied to the Human Condition

Book VII

GIANO ROCCA

Copyright © 2020 All rights reserved.

INDEX:

PREFACE:

PROLOGUE:

BIOGRAPHY:

PART I: Hypothetical periodization of the pre-existing Structural Universes that which is based on Statehood and the emergence of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood.

Chapter 1: Clues to the periodization of the Structural Universe of the horde and that tribal

Chapter 2: Clues on the periodization of the Stratified Structural Universe.

Chapter 3: Rough chronology of the birth of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood and birth of the first states.

PART II: Cycles of the historical structural evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, at global and regional level.

Chapter 4: Definition of the Historical Cycles of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood.

Chapter 5: News on the evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, which took place in the fifth and fourth millennium BCE. Proto-Archaic Historical Cycle and its evolutionary chronology.

Chapter 6: High Archaic Historical Cycle and Its Evolutionary Chronology, between the 4th and the 3rd Millennium BCE.

Chapter 7: Middle Archaic Historical Cycle and its evolutionary chronology, between the II part of the third and the I part of the second millennium BCE.

Chapter 8: Low Archaic Historical Cycle, between the second part of the second millennium and the first part of the first millennium BCE.

Chapter 9: Historical cycles: First Proto-Ancient and Second Proto-Ancient, lived by Greece.

PART II: The Ancient Age and of the first part of the Early Middle Ages Historical Cycle, and its evolutionary chronology.

Chapter 10: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, during the Eighth century BCE.

Chapter 11: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, during the Seventh century BCE.

Chapter 12: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, during the Sixth century BCE.

Chapter 13: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, during the Fifth century BCE.

Chapter 14: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, during the Fourth century BCE.

Chapter 15: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, During the Third Century BCE.

Chapter 16: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, During the Second Century BCE.

Chapter 17: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, during the first century BCE.

Chapter 18: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the first century CE.

Chapter 19: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the second century CE.

Chapter 20: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the third century CE.

Chapter 21: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the 4th century CE.

Chapter 22: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the fifth century CE.

Chapter 23: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the sixth century CE.

Chapter 24: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the seventh century CE.

Chapter 25: Evolution of the Structural Universe Based on Statehood, in the first half of the eighth century CE.

EPILOGUE:

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

PREFACE:

The concept of causality does not imply the need to presuppose the existence of a transcendence, with respect to cosmic nature, since nature has in itself both the causes and the consequences of its own evolution (including the revolutionary evolution of the so-called Big Bang, which brought the state of the cosmos from a pre-existing condition to matter to the condition of matter). The same is true of human nature, distinct from cosmic nature, but analogous to the nature of all living beings, although humans have a potential for the evolution of the expression of their individuality and their sociality which, currently, does not seem to have equal in others. known living species. The coexistence of chance, and causality, gives reason for the difficulty (or, in certain areas: of the impossibility) of predicting the evolution of all cosmic elements, since in the cosmos there is the coexistence of elements of order and of the chaos.

The evolution of the human condition, that has taken place up to now, on the contrary, is based on the occurrence of causalities beyond the will, and the conscience, of human beings, but which are by no means extraneous to the mechanisms of evolution of the social structures, that humans have accepted (unconsciously and without a precise planning), over time, to apply to their community life, or collective, and which contain in themselves many elements of chaos (perceived as iniquity) and few elements of order, or rationality.

Human nature, and the historical elements that determine its condition of existence, do not belong to the same ontological essence. The unhappiness and the sense of incompleteness, and inadequacy, which almost all the human beings feel, depend on this ontological gap. From this comes the concept of transcendence, exploited by religions, to better subject human beings (on a psychological level) to the historical reality in place. Hence the need for what has been defined as the human progress, and which should be connected with progress in the universal process of civilizing (which involves, on different levels, all living species) and not, how it is erroneously understood, as progress, or growth of knowledge, in the technical-scientific field, although structural evolution can make use, albeit indirectly, of this cognitive progress. The finality, generally felt, of authentic human progress, with respect to the condition in place, does not imply, but does not exclude, the presence of a universal cosmic finality, which, if it exists, would be inherent in the cosmic nature itself and, therefore (in every chance) would exclude any concept of transcendence.

Turin, 09/29/20

GIANO ROCCA

PROLOGUE:

It may seem completely out of place to speak of historiography as of hagiography, almost a century after the appearance of the New History, which arose around the magazine Annales, the which New history refers to La Scienza Nuova by Giambattista Vico, published about two centuries earlier. In fact, the New History of the twentieth century, continuing in the wake of the teachings of Voltaire (who lived two centuries earlier), according to which history should not only be the narration of events, but the history of the structures, attempted to give historiographical research a new scientific quality. If the attempt by Voltaire and the Enlightenment took place in the 18th century, Guizot and Chateaubriand, in the 19th century, tried to found a New History, also known as modern history. All these attempts, precursors of the historiographical research, which arose around the magazine Annales, born in 1929, have helped to remove the character of hagiography (or, on the contrary, of damnatio memoriae, if so befits the winners, contemporaries of historiographers) of the great characters, and of the great events, that is, of the life and deeds of the winners (or of the, supposedly, losers) of the historical narrative. However, the historians, theorists of the New History, have not been able to realize a truly satisfactory interpretation of historical evolution, regarding the analysis of the actual causes of this evolution, but they have lost themselves in meticulous research, as, often, completely useless, on the daily life of ordinary individuals, with the, unlikely and foolish, dream of create a holistic history of humanity. This line of historiography, however, has not managed to defeat historiography, as a hagiographic construction, which continues to be the main line of the profession of historians.

The analysis of historical reality, in its essence of multiple universes (in their respective, and reciprocal, autonomy), of social organization, and in the evolution (of which we have analyzed, in the volumes published previously, the multiplicity of causes) of each of these historical structures , highlights a model, which we believe to be entirely new: of the analysis of historical evolution and historical time, which differs strongly from the flow of chronological time, since it's can occur, at the same time, different structural universes, each with a different evolutionary mechanism and each characterized by one (or more than one) specific level of a universal civilizing process.

In this volume (which substantiates the first section of this analysis) we analyze the moment of historical evolution, of every part of the planet, in each chronological moment, on the basis of the historical knowledge we have available, which are a fraction (which we recognize to be of minimal entity) of the historical knowledge made available by the historiographical research realized to now, in turn, a minimum fraction of the historical knowledge that the modern means of research would allow. For this reason, we will try to place in the span of millennia the structural universes that have little, or no, literary production (and which are, therefore, defined as pre-literal). We will then place, in the context of the centuries, the first historical cycles of the structural universe based on the statehood, of which we have little, if any, literary documentation, to dwell more on the evolutionary moments of the historical cycles of which a greater literary production is available, to the point of analyzing the evolution that occurs from one decade to the next and, where possible, also that which occurs within an infra-annual period.

In the second section of this research, which we will collect in an eighth volume, we will analyze the evolution of the historical cycle in which the West lives, at the same time analyzing the historical cycle (or the structural universe of a different type) in which other peoples or regions of the globe find themselves living at the same chronological moment.

Our analysis is based on the scientific method, which we would define Galilean - Popperian, of trial and error (or, better said: of the corroboration or falsification), which contrasts with the method normally used by the human and social sciences: the absence of self - contradiction of a given theory (which we could define as the Lisenkoist method), which can allow any absurdity to be considered scientific, provided that it is not self-contradictory and, above all, that it is supported, or approved, by those who hold power, authority or authoritativeness, deemed necessary to give the stamp of scientificity to certain statements. The method we use, applied to the analysis of historical reality, if sufficiently developed, will allow us to see, with clarity, the trends of the evolution of the structural universe based on the statehood, in the short - medium term, and to predict the prospects of this evolution, over the medium - long term.

Turin, 12/20/2020

GIANO ROCCA

BIOGRAPHY:

Giano Rocca was born in an small village in the Langhe, called Roccaverano. He moved to Turin at the age of 18, he attended the Upper Secondary School and the University, a pupil of Norberto Bobbio, of whom he appreciated, above all, the ability to totally renounce his own convictions, when they had proved fallacious, which is after all, the basic principle of the scientific method, and this principle he pursued, leading he to the acceptance of the Socratic principle: I know of not to know.

Giano Rocca reflected on this fact throughout his life: if philosophy proves to be able to recognize its own failure, in the absence of the systematic adoption of the scientific method, it is evident that, in the absence of a philosophy of history, based on solid scientific foundations, the study of history, and of the so-called social sciences, is completely vain and misleading, as it is, only, studies based on ideological criteria, or a form of knowledge without the fundamental basis of the provability or, alternatively, of the falsifiability.

His research aims to lay the foundations of an authentic science of society, as it lays the foundations of its hypotheses and theories, on entirely, and easily, verifiable elements, and can therefore constitute an element of progress in knowledge, where the above hypotheses, and theories, are corroborated by the comparison with reality, that is, by the socio-economic events.

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Other works published:

Il Grande Segreto ed i suoi Custodi, 2013, 1st Edition.

Fine del Mondo, Fine della Storia o Fine dell’Inferno sulla Terra? Una Risposta Scientifica agli Eterni Quesiti: da Dove Veniamo? Chi Siamo? (Dove Siamo?) Dove Andiamo?, 2014, 2nd Edition, ISBN: 9781311740090

L’essere Umano e la Realtà Strutturale Storica: I Sette Livelli della Civilizzazione, 2015, 3rd Edition, ISBN: 9781310751226

La Fine del Conflitto tra Dio e l’Io: Le Ricerche del Graal e le Teorie Gnostiche Svelate. I Fondamenti della Scienza dell’Uomo e della Sua Socialità, 2015, 1st Edition, ISBN: 9781311330628

Simbiosi tra Amore e Razionalità: Come Realizzare il Settimo Livello della Civilizzazione, 2016, 2nd Edition, ISBN: 9781310488269

Il Destino dell’Umanità: Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana – Vol. I, 2016, 1st Edition, ISBN: 9781310704383

Il Senso Ultimo della Condizione Umana: Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana – Vol. I, 2016, 1st Edition, ISBN: 9780463284407

The Ultimate Meaning of Human Existence: The Scientific Method Applied to the Human Condition – Book I, 2016, First English Edition, ISBN: 9781370873893

Dei e Demoni: Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana – Vol. II, 2016, 1st Italian Edition, ISBN: 9781370528790

Gods and Monsters: The Scientific Method Applied to the Human Condition - Book II, 2017, Ebook, Second English Edition, ISBN: 9781370580774, Paperbak, ISBN 10: 1520968566, ISBN 13: 9781520968568

Scimmia Nuda od Essere Felice e Realizzato: Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana – Volume III, 2017, Ebook, 1st Edition, ISBN: 9781370424191

The Origin of Unhappiness: The Scientific Method Applied to the Human Condition - Book III, 2017, Second English Edition, ISBN: 9781370618651

L’Origine dell’Infelicità: Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana – Vol. III, 2017, Ebook, 3rd Edition, ISBN: 9781370772209

La Conquista della Felicità: Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana – Vol. IV, Vol. IV", 2018, Ebook, 1st Edition, ISBN: 97813703824491

The Conquest of Happiness: The Scientific Method Applied to Human Condition - Book IV, 2018, Ebook, 1st Edition, ISBN: 9780463915608

I Volti di Belial: Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana – Vol. V, 1st Edition, 2020, Ebook, ISBN: 9780463453254

The Faces of Belial: The Scientific Method Applied to Human Condition – Book V First English Edition, 2020, ISBN: 9780463687314

La Relatività nella Storia: la Curvatura del tempo Storico – Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione Umana - Vol.: VI 1st Edition, 2020, Ebook, ISBN: 9780463009680

Relativity in History: the Precession of Historical Time - The Scientific Method Applied to Human Condition - Book VI 2nd Edition, 2020, Ebook, ISBN: 9781005678401

La Storiografia: dall’Agiografia (oppure dalla Damnatio Memoriae) alla Prognostica - Sezione I - Il Metodo Scientifico Applicato alla Condizione umana - Vol. VII, I Edizione, 2020, Ebook, ISBN: 9781005580094

PART I:

Hypothetical periodization of the pre-existing structural universes to those based on statehood and the emergence of the structural universe based on statehood

Chapter 1:

Clues to the periodization of the structural universe of the horde and that tribal

According to anthropologists, the rise of the Paleolithic culture occurred in East Africa, namely in the region of Tanganyika, approximately 1,860,000 years ago. This technique allowed hominids to become carnivores, facilitating their survival (1). The structural universe of the horde certainly pre-existed the emergence of the mineral processing technique, known as the lower paleolithic. The structural universe of the horde preceded the emergence of the first species of hominids (since it is found among animal species very different from primates) and lasted until the period defined as the Middle Paleolithic or, perhaps, until the one defined: Superior.

In the Maghreb, the lower Paleolithic appeared earlier than in Europe, then lasted over time, so much so that it was preserved beyond the period in which the upper Paleolithic had already appeared in Central and Northern Europe (2). The cause of the aforementioned event is to be found in the more favorable climate of the Maghreb, compared to Northern Europe, where, at the time, there was the ice age and, therefore, this climate would not have favored cultural progress. The traditional scanning of the pre-literal ages indicates, at most, a variation of an artistic model. The hominid that created the most advanced lower Palaeolithic, called Acheulean, in the Maghreb, was much more archaic, on the bio-anthropological level, than the hominid that created the Acheulean in Europe (3). Very archaic hominids have realized out the techniques of the Middle Mousterian Palaeolithic, demonstrating how some hominids much inferior (in cranial capacity) in relation to man (homo sapiens), have been able to achieve the same techniques which seem characteristics of the human beingand, therefore, have been able to achieve the tribal structural universe (4) how was it possible for the members the human species. There are cases of humans (homo sapiens) who have remained anchored to techniques considered characteristic of the lower Paleolithic (5). In fact, the lower Palaeolithic spread throughout Africa, while the middle and upper Palaeolithic was somewhat regionalised, and delimited to specific areas.

The tribal structural universe, evidenced by the presence of burials and, therefore, by a certain form of religion, appeared in Western Europe in the period in which the historians and the palethnologists speak of Middle Paleolithic, namely around 70,000 BCE (6). It seems that even the Neanderthals, hominids collateral to man, as a collateral branch coming, like homo sapiens, from a common original stock (7), have reached the tribal structural universe. The tribal structural universe seems to have continued, at least in some regions, up to the period that historians refer to as the Neolithic age (8), that is, up to, approximately, 4,000 BCE. From the claims of the anthropologists it can deduce that before 70,000 BCE there was, only, the structural universe of the hordes.

The productive activity of the Paleolithic, especially of the ancient Paleolithic (9), developed above all in Central - Western Europe (10). In Central-Western Europe a real Paleolithic industry developed, although traces of homo pre-sapiens (homo neanderthalensis) and homo sapiens, have been found, in contemporary times, in various other regions of the world (11). Anthropologists believe that, even where objects, i.e. products of similar technology, are found in regions of the world even very far from each other, the production center was unique and the diffusion of the products took place through exchanges, not necessarily of a mercantile type, but consonant with pre-existing structural universes to those based on statehood. According to some historians, the Amerindians would have arrived in South America through Central America, or the Strait of Panama, or through the Pacific Ocean, having certainly existed cultural contacts, albeit sparse and sporadic, with Oceania (12). The emigration, from the North, probably occurred between 14,000 and 8,000 BCE. At the time the structural universe of a tribal type was in place (13).

Around 1900 BCE, a tribe of Jewish nomads (a term which seems to mean: nomads) arrived in Palestine, or Canaanite, driven out by the Babylonians, who, having arrived in Palestine, destroyed, or helped to destroy, the structural society, local, based on statehood, which seems to have, also, been devastated by cataclysmic earthquake events: Sodom and Gomorrah, which sank following a natural cataclysm. The Jews lived on a society pre-existing to that of the type based on statehood (probably a tribal structure consisting of a confederation of 12 tribes).

Morgan stated that, at the time of the discovery of America, the Indians of North America, for the most part, had not yet constituted the aggregation of tribes, that is, what was called by Morgan himself: Confederation, that is, not there were traces, in those regions, of the stratified structural universe. Morgan claimed that all the Indians of North America, except the Eskimos, had a single type of family, which he defined as Ganowanian, and which had spread across the continent, due to various waves of migration, which happened, starting from an original nucleus: diffusion that was occurred to demographic causes. This theory, was derived from detailed analyzes of linguistic variations within by the, aforementioned, population (14). The type of family proves to be a completely secondary element, in relation to the evolution of the overall structural reality of society. In present-day Northwest Mexico, in the South Texas, the Great Basin, the Rocky Mountain Plateau (15), the Northwest Coast, the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Zone (16), the natives remained in the tribal structural universe, up to the time of contact with Europeans (17).

Morgan, analyzing in detail all the Indian tribes of North America, found in the Sioux people, a regression from the tribal structure to the structure of the horde, that is, of the bands, due to the invasion of settlers from Europe and due to the upheaval caused by this fact in their existence. The structure of the horde, to which they returned, however, retained some characteristics of the tribal structure, such as the function of the sachem and its right to inherit the function and status. This fact, confirms the possibility of a structural regression, following invasion, or social upheaval, similarly to the possibility of structural progress, due to the influence of a colonization of a certain type.

Morgan claimed to find, in the 18th century CE, examples of tribal organizations in Europe, and precisely in some places in Ireland and Scotland. In the 21st century there appear to be fewer examples of this phenomenon. Of course, these are the survivals of structures of a type that preceded the society based on statehood, which can be found in structures based on statehood itself, but also attempts to return to pre-existing structures, by peoples who were lived in structures based on statehood, for millennia. These phenomena of exceptional, or sporadic, returns to structural universes pre-existing the statehood, if proven, are to be ascribed to the general conservatism of those who love traditions and the rejection of civilizations represented by structures based on statehood (or, better to say, the levels of civilization allowed by societies based on the concept of state), considered less civilized, and more inhuman, than the same structures that existed before the state (18); after all, every people tends to adhere to the level of civilization that is most appropriate to it, that is, more appropriate to the manifestation of the being it expresses, at a given time. In any case, the structures based on statehood, while allowing progress in the expression of sociality and individualization, are more inhuman than the structures that preceded statehood. This contradiction confirms the possibility and necessity of overcoming structures based on statehood.

Chapter 2:

Clues on the periodization of the Stratified Structural Universe.

The discovery of communication routes, through which large-scale commercial exchanges took place, in the so-called Upper Paleolithic period (which according to some dates back to about 400,000 years ago, while according to others it starts from 40,000 BCE) shows how it could have existed, in some regions of the world, the stratified structural universe, although at the time there was not yet the species of homo sapiens (this demonstrates how the progress between the different levels of the civilizing process is a fact not exclusive to the human species, but is of universal value). From the statements of some historians, it can be inferred that there was, in China, the structural universe stratified between 25,000 and 10,000 BCE, when, according to some historians and palethnologists, there was still the so-called Upper Paleolithic (1). The essence of that society as a stratified structural universe, is deduced from the intensity of the exchange of goods.

Although there is no two-way connection, a certain connection between the passage from hunting-gathering nomadism to agriculture and the metamorphosis from the tribal to