English Grammar - The Noun: Explanations & Exercises with Answers
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English Grammar might seem difficult. It gets easier with examples and comparisons. You can master English grammar through conversational exercises. They will help you with everyday life in an English environment. The method was tested for several years on students between eleven and sixty-five years old and the results were astonishing.
T
Roxana Nastase
Roxana Nastase has been teaching English for over seventeen years, ranging in level from kindergarten to college. She specializes in English Grammar and has had several books issued throughout the years. Her books were used with much success in schools in Eastern Europe for teaching English as a second language.
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English Grammar - The Noun - Roxana Nastase
ROXANA NASTASE
––––––––
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
THE NOUN
EXPLANATIONS & EXERCISES
WITH ANSWERS
––––––––
SCARLET LEAF PUBLISHING HOUSE
2016
SCARLET LEAF PUBLISHING HOUSE
TORONTO
ONTARIO
CANADA
COPYRIGHT BY ROXANA NASTASE
ISBN: 978-0-9880895-0-1
All rights reserved. No part of this book can be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
For information address Scarlet Leaf Publishing House
Scarletleafpublishinghouse@gmail.com
Cover Design: Roxana Nastase
UNIT 1: SINGULAR AND PLURAL OF THE NOUNS
RULES TO FORM THE PLURAL OF NOUNS
1. Most of the nouns add –s to singular to form the plural.
Ex: chair chairs
2. Nouns ending in –ch, -sh, -s or –x at singular, add –es for plural.
Ex: watch watches
bush bushes
kiss kisses
box boxes
Note: the nouns POTATO and TOMATO add –es for plural:
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
3. Nouns ending in a consonant +-y at singular turn –y into –i and add –es for plural.
Ex: fly flies
try tries
4. Nouns ending in –f or –fe at singular turn the respective termination into –ves.
Ex: wolf wolves
wife wives
leaf leaves
life lives
Exception: roof roofs
5. Some nouns have irregular plural:
Ex:
man men
child children
woman women
person people
tooth teeth
foot feet
mouse mice
sheep sheep
fish fish
ox oxen
goose geese
die dice
NOTES:
1. Foreign nouns and abbreviations in –o add only –s at the form of the singular to form the plural.
Ex: photo photos
piano pianos
2. Names take –s for plural without modifications
Ex: Mary Marys (The Marys of the world are too many to be counted)
3. Some nouns have the same form for the singular and the plural:
a) Some names of animals and fish
cod,
fish,
mackerel,
salmon,
pike,
plaice,
trout,
sheep,
deer,
swine
b) Measurement units and numerals
Two hundred dollars
One dozen eggs - but two dozens eggs
c) Nouns like: brace (= pair), yoke (= pair of oxen), stone (6.350 kg), couple, head, hundredweight (= 50 or 45 kg) are invariable after numerals and are always followed by of
Exceptions possible for:
pairs of; stone(s); hundredweight(s)
d) The nouns: kind, sort, manner
e) Names of inhabitants of a country or towns that end in –e or –s:
Ex: Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Viennese, Swiss
f) The nouns: series and species
––––––––
4. We always use a verb in plural for:
a) nouns like:
––––––––
cavalry
gentry
infantry
peasantry
foot = infantry
craft = ships, boats
poultry
clergy
nobility
laity
cannon
horse = cavalry
cattle
b) adjectives and participle used as nouns like:
––––––––
the poor
the blind
the accused
the rich
the wounded
the deceased
––––––––
5. If we have an expression like:
five pounds
ten liters
four miles
designating a quantity or a measurement unit, the verb will be used in singular.
Ex: Where’s that two pounds I left on the table?
Ex: Four liters of milk is not enough.
6. The nouns people and police are always used with a verb in plural.
Ex: People are interesting.
Exception: when people represents a nation
––––––––
Ex: The people of our country has made the choice.
Ex: The police are able to find the thief.
7. The following nouns are singular even though they end in –s:
––––––––
Crossroads
News
Series
Means
Mathematics
Physics
Politics
Economics
Athletics
––––––––
Ex: Here’s the news.
Ex: Physics is difficult.
UNIT 2: SINGULAR AND PLURAL OF THE NOUNS - PRACTICE
1. Rephrase the sentences using the nouns in plural instead of singular and make all necessary changes:
a) The table had only three legs.
_____________________________________________
b) The boy played the piano in the sitting-room.
_____________________________________________
c) The cat drank milk and washed itself afterwards.
______________________________________________
d) The chair was broken.
______________________________________________
e) He opened the window because it was too hot.
______________________________________________
f) The door was left open.
______________________________________________
g) The dog was barking while the chariot was passing by.
______________________________________________
h) The ashtray was full of ashes.
______________________________________________
i) The jar was in the pantry.
______________________________________________
j) The pen was lying on the floor.
______________________________________________
2. Fill in the blanks with one noun from the list; use the noun in singular or in plural, according to the meaning of the sentence:
bush, kiss, fly, potato, tooth, deer,
salmon, cavalry, news, Physics
a) She was listening to the _______________ attentively and forgot