A Simple Guide To Anal Disorders, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Anal Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

The anus is that lowest part of the intestinal tract that passes through the muscular canal of the pelvis and anal sphincters.

It is the final opening (orifice) through which stool passes out of the body.

In adults, the length of the anus is 4 to 5 centimeters long.

The lower half of the anal canal has very sensitive nerve ends.

There are blood vessels under the lining, and in its middle section there are numerous tiny, anal glands.

Disorders of the anus are frequent.

They are hemorrhoids, abscesses, fistulas (tracts), fissures (cracks), and cancer.

The most frequent causes of Anal Disorders are:
1. Constipation
2. Chronic diarrhea
3. Hereditary factors
4. Excessive sweating in the area around the anus
5. Aging

Risk Factors for Anal Disorders

These factors may raise the likelihood of Anal Disorders:
1. High daily salt intake
2. History of diabetes
3. Hyperlipidemia (high lipids in blood)
4. Suffering from dermatitis
5. History of anorectal surgery
6. History of smoking and alcohol intake
7. Sedentary lifestyle
8. Excessive intake of spicy food
9. Prolonged sitting on the toilet for defecation

Symptoms of Anal Disorders are indicative of Anal Disorders:

1. Pain in the perianal area
2. Constipation
3. Drainage from the rectum
4. Fever
5. Chills
6. Palpable mass near the anus
7. Itchiness
8. Burning sensation
9. Pus discharge
10. Blood
11. Diarrhea
12. Swelling in around the rectum and anus

While all anal disorders produce some type of anal discomfort or pain, other symptoms differ, depending on the specific anal disorder.

For anal fissure, symptoms may be:
1. Pain in the anal area, often described as sharp, searing or burning, and normally activated by a bowel movement
2. Mild rectal bleeding, typically a small amount of bright red blood with a bowel movement or on the toilet paper.

For anal abscess, symptoms are:
1. A firm, tender mass or swelling in or around the anal area
2. Occasionally fever, chills and a generally sick feeling.

For an anal fistula, symptoms may be:
1. Mild pain around the anus, centered in a region where an old anal abscess has either drained spontaneously, or has been opened surgically by a doctor
2. Persistent drainage of blood, pus or foul-smelling mucus from the anal area.
3. Symptoms of a recurrent anal abscess which may develop if the external opening of the fistula becomes clogged and the old abscess reactivates

For thrombosis of an external hemorrhoid, the symptoms are:
1. A firm and normally quite painful swelling at the anal orifice
2. Occasionally bloody discharge, if the surface of the hemorrhoid breaks down.

Procedures for Treatment of Anal Disorders are:
1. Surgical excision: To control pain
2. Rubber band ligation: To decrease the amount of redundant tissue
3. Sclerotherapy: To increase fixation of the hemorrhoid tissue to the wall of the rectum
4. Infrared coagulation: To decrease vascularity
5. Hemorrhoidopexy: To fix the anal cushions in place and resect the tissue
6. Hemorrhoidectomy: To remove hemorrhoids
7. Sphincterotomy: To treat anal fissure
8. Incision and drainage: To prevent spread, recurrence, and subsequent fistulization
9. Sacral nerve stimulation: Improves squeeze pressures of the anal sphincter and rectal sensation

While it is not always possible to prevent other types of anal disorders, the patient may be able to decrease the risk by:
1. Using gentle techniques to clean the anal area
2. Keeping the anal area dry by changing underwear often and using powder to absorb moisture
3. Always using a condom if the patient practices anal intercourse

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Anal

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Mar 16, 2021
• ISBN: 9781005604738

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

A

Simple

Guide

To

Anal Disorders,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2021 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Anal Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Anal Disorders)

This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Anal Disorders

What are Anal Disorders?

The anus is that lowest part of the intestinal tract that passes through the muscular canal of the pelvis and anal sphincters.

It is the final opening (orifice) through which stool passes out of the body.

In adults, the length of the anus is 4 to 5 centimeters long.

The lower half of the anal canal has very sensitive nerve ends.

There are blood vessels under the lining, and in its middle section there are numerous tiny, anal glands.

Disorders of the anus are frequent.

They are hemorrhoids, abscesses, fistulas (tracts), fissures (cracks), and cancer.

There are 4 disorders that produce anal pain and irritation:

Anal fissure

An anal fissure, also termed an anorectal fissure, is a linear split or tear in the lining (anoderm) of the lower anal canal.

Most anal fissures happen when a large, hard stool overstretches the anal opening and slits the delicate anoderm.

Less often, anal fissures happen due to prolonged diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease or sexually transmitted diseases affecting the anorectal area.

Acute (short-term) anal fissures are normally superficial and shallow, but chronic (long-term) anal fissures may spread deeper through the anoderm to expose the surface of underlying muscle.

Anal abscess

An anal abscess is a swollen, painful compilation of pus near the anus.

Most anal abscesses are not linked to other health disorders and happen spontaneously, for reasons that are not clear.

They start in a tiny anal gland, which swells to produce a site of infection under the skin.

In the USA, more than half of all anal abscesses happen in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40, and men are affected more often than women.

Most anal abscesses are sited near the opening of the anus but seldom can happen deeper or higher in the anal canal, closer to the lower colon or pelvic organs.

Anal fistula

An anal fistula is an abnormal narrow tunnel-like passageway, which are the remains of an old anal abscess after it has drained.

It joins the mid portion of the anal canal (at the anal gland) to the surface of the skin.

After an anal abscess has drained (either spontaneously or when lanced by a doctor), an anal fistula will happen at least half of the time

Occasionally the opening of the fistula at the skin surface continually discharges pus or bloody fluid.

In other instances, the opening of the fistula closes temporarily, making the old anal abscess to flare up again as a painful pocket of pus.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids do not ordinarily cause pain.

Occasionally the blood vessels in a small hemorrhoid at the edge of the anal orifice can form clots.

This may be activated by a period of constipation of diarrhea.

When thrombosis happens, the external hemorrhoid becomes swollen, hard, and painful, occasionally with bloody discharge.

What are the causes of Anal Disorders?

Causes

The most frequent causes of Anal Disorders are:

1. Constipation

2. Chronic diarrhea

3. Hereditary factors

4. Excessive sweating in the area around the anus

5. Aging

Risk Factors for Anal Disorders

These factors may raise the likelihood of Anal Disorders:

1. High daily salt intake

2. History of diabetes

3. Hyperlipidemia (high lipids in blood)

4. Suffering from dermatitis

5. History of anorectal surgery

6. History of smoking and alcohol intake

7. Sedentary lifestyle

8. Excessive intake of spicy food

9. Prolonged sitting on the toilet for defecation

Incidence of Anal Disorders

1. Number of Cases

The number of Anal Disorders cases seen each year worldwide is not frequent between 50K - 500K cases

2. Frequent Age Group

Anal Disorders can happen at any age.

3. Frequent Gender

Anal Disorders can happen in any gender.

What are the symptoms of Anal Disorders?

Symptoms

Symptoms of Anal Disorders are indicative of Anal Disorders:

1. Pain in the perianal area

2. Constipation

3. Drainage from the rectum

4. Fever

5. Chills

6. Palpable mass near the anus

7. Itchiness

8. Burning sensation

9. Pus discharge

10. Blood

11. Diarrhea

12. Swelling in around the rectum and anus

While all anal disorders produce some type of anal discomfort or pain, other symptoms differ,