A Simple Guide to Acalculous Cholecystopathy, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Acalculous Cholecystopathy (also called Biliary Dyskinesia), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

Acalculous cholecystopathy is a disorder of the gallbladder that causes pain in the upper right abdomen.

Acalculous cholecystopathy is also as known as Biliary Dyskinesia.

The gallbladder stores a digestive enzyme called bile.

The prefix “dys” means abnormal or not working properly, and “kinesia” refers to movement.

Therefore, the word, biliary dyskinesia means the abnormal movement of the gallbladder, most often because the muscles that squeeze bile out of the gallbladder are not contracting properly.

The gallbladder stores bile made by the liver.

Bile is used to help break down fat in the food the patient eats.

The gallbladder has a valve called a sphincter that prevents bile from flowing out of the gallbladder until it is needed.

The bile moves through a duct and into the small intestine.

If the sphincter is damaged or has spasms, bile cannot travel out of the gallbladder.

The bile then flows back into the gallbladder and causes pain.

In some hospitals, acalculous cholecystopathy is the number one reason for gallbladder removal procedures.

The numbers are rising.

Pathophysiology

Acalculous cholecystopathy is a medical disorder that happens when the normal peristaltic mechanism of the gallbladder, the biliary tree and the sphincter of Oddi slows down.

In essence, it is simply a motility disorder where no underlying cause of the syndrome can be immediately elicited.

The biliary system which involves the liver, the bile duct, pancreas and gallbladder is accountable for secretion of bile salts responsible for helping in the digestion and absorption of fats.

In order for the biliary system to work in concert, there must be a coordinated signaling of hormones and stimuli that enable the secretion of much needed enzymes.

The liver continuously secretes bile salts which seep from the liver down to the sphincter of Oddi which then opens into the second part of the duodenum of the small intestines.

Since the sphincter is normally closed when there is no meal the bile back flows into the gallbladder for storage and later release.

When cholecystokinin is released, the gallbladder contracts and the sphincter opens and the force of gravity push the bile salts down to help in digesting fats.

In some cases where there is an acute obstruction of the lumen or anywhere down the biliary tree and a fatty meal is consumed, whether a stricture, a gallbladder stone, an infectious process or an Ascaris worm that makes it into the biliary tree, the gallbladder contracts against a blocked lumen, building up pressure and causing the distinctive right upper quadrant pain in acute cholecystitis.

If this continues, the bile will back flow into the gallbladder and finding its way back into the systemic circulation causing a yellowish discoloration of the body.

In acalculous cholecystopathy there is no actual obstruction and it is more of an impairment of the usual motility of the biliary tree in response to a fatty meal.

One possible reason for the reduction of peristaltic movements is the constant intake of fatty food that compels the gallbladder to contract continuously that ultimately wears down the ability of the biliary tree to contract effectively.

This also is apparent in old age where most body functions are decreased and are unable to keep up with the demands of food digestion and absorption.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Acalculous Cholecystopathy
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Gallstones
Chapter 8 Cholecystitis
Epilogue

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Jun 30, 2021
• ISBN: 9781005154974

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

A

Simple

Guide

To

Acalculous Cholecystopathy,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2021 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Acalculous Cholecystopathy, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Acalculous Cholecystopathy)

This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Acalculous cholecystopathy

What is Acalculous cholecystopathy?

Acalculous cholecystopathy is a disorder of the gallbladder that causes pain in the upper right abdomen.

Acalculous cholecystopathy is also as known as Biliary Dyskinesia.

The gallbladder stores a digestive enzyme called bile.

The prefix dys means abnormal or not working properly, and kinesia refers to movement.

Therefore, the word, biliary dyskinesia means the abnormal movement of the gallbladder, most often because the muscles that squeeze bile out of the gallbladder are not contracting properly.

The gallbladder stores bile made by the liver.

Bile is used to help break down fat in the food the patient eats.

The gallbladder has a valve called a sphincter that prevents bile from flowing out of the gallbladder until it is needed.

The bile moves through a duct and into the small intestine.

If the sphincter is damaged or has spasms, bile cannot travel out of the gallbladder.

The bile then flows back into the gallbladder and causes pain.

The disorder normally affects older