A Simple Guide To Polyuria, (Frequent Urination) Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Polyuria (Frequent Urination), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

Are you one of the millions of people who pass copious amount of urine every day and worse still at night?

Polyuria is also called excessive or frequent urination of copious amount of urine.

Polyuria happens when one urinates more than what would be considered normal.

Urinary volume should not be more than 2.5 liters daily thus anything larger than this volume is considered excessive.

Polyuria is the passing of abnormally large volumes of urine, which equals to more than 2.5 liters of urine per day or urine output more than 40 ml/kg/day.

Polyuria manifests much less often than urinary frequency.

Polyuria is often followed by higher frequency of urination, but the two disorders are not always related since the underlying cause is normally different.

Frequent passage of large amounts of urine will lead to polyuria.

Frequent passage of small amounts of urine indicates a totally different disorder.

It is very important to evaluate the frequency of urination and the volumes of urine passed.

Higher production and passage of urine may also be termed diuresis.

Polyuria often appears together with polydipsia (increased thirst), though it is possible to have one without the other, and the latter may be a cause or an effect.

The causes of polyuria are normally also the causes of polydipsia.

Primary polydipsia may lead to polyuria.

Polyuria is normally regarded as a symptom or sign of another disorder (not a disease by itself), but it can be classified as a disorder, at least when its underlying causes are not known.

There are 5 main causes of polyuria:

Renal
1. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus:
2. Fanconi's Syndrome:
3. Early Chronic Pyelonephritis:
4. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):
5. Other kidney diseases can affect kidney function such as:
a. Interstitial cystitis
b. Urinary tract infection
c. Renal tubular acidosis
d. Nephronophthisis (genetic)

Endocrine
1. Diabetes Mellitus: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can induce polyuria due to osmotic diuresis.
2. Central Diabetes Insipidus: Diabetes insipidus presents as excessive excretion of water in the urine.
3. Cushing's Syndrome: Frequent urination is a symptom of Cushing's syndrome which can happen due to pituitary gland tumor and ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumor
4. Other endocrine Diseases can also cause polyuria:
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Hyperthyroidism
c. Hypopituitarism
d. Conn's disease

Iatrogenic
1. Diuretic therapy:
Polyuria can happen due to recent usage of diuretics for excreting excess water in the body
2. Alcohol:
Drinking too much alcohol can induce polyuria.
3. Lithium:
A patient having a history of lithium use for treating bipolar disorder and mental diseases can show symptoms of polyuria.
4. Tetracycline:
Polyuria is a possible adverse side-effect of antibiotics like tetracycline.
5. Other Causes
a. High doses of riboflavin (vitamin B2)
b. High doses of vitamin D

Metabolic
1. Hyper-calcemia:
This is the rise in blood levels of calcium.
2. Hypokalemia:
In this disorder, the blood concentration of potassium drops.

Psychological
1. Polyuria can happen due to excessive compulsive drinking of water.
This can be caused by anxiety or a history of psychiatric illness.
2. Polyuria is an infrequent but serious complication of psychotic illness and, if untreated, may lead to hyponatremia, coma or even death.

Basically a high urine flow rate may be produced either by a primary increase in:
1. solute excretion or
2. water excretion

This causes polyuria.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Polyuria (Frequent Urination)
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Feb 25, 2021
• ISBN: 9781005879686

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

A

Simple

Guide

To

Polyuria,

(Frequent Urination)

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2021 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Polyuria (Frequent Urination), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Polyuria)

This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Polyuria

What is Polyuria?

Polyuria is also called excessive or frequent urination.

Polyuria happens when one urinates more than what would be considered normal.

Urinary volume should not be more than 2.5 liters daily thus anything larger than this volume is considered excessive.

The urinary volume of 2 liters and less per day is considered normal though it is dependent on age and gender.

Excessive amount of urination means that the body makes larger than normal amounts of urine each day.

Polyuria happens often but it becomes abnormal when it lasts for many days, weeks or months.

Some people observe these symptoms more at night and this disorder is called nocturia.

The function of Bladder and frequent Urination

The kidneys produce urine all the time.

A small quantity of urine is constantly passing to the bladder down the ureters (the tubes from the kidneys to the bladder).

Different quantity of urine is produced depending on how much the patient drink, eat and sweat.

The bladder is a muscular organ which functions to store the urine.

It swells up like a balloon as the urine is emptied into it.

The opening for passing out the urine (the urethra) is normally kept closed.

The muscles beneath the bladder that enclose the urethra (the pelvic floor muscles) help to ensure that the bladder opening remained closed.

A person only knows that the bladder is getting full only when a certain quantity of urine is in the bladder.

The bladder muscle will contracts and the urethra and pelvic floor muscles relax when the patient go to the toilet to pass urine.

Complicated nerve signals sent by the brain are received by the bladder, and the pelvic floor muscles.

These tell the patient how full the bladder is, and tell the right muscles to contract or relax at the right time.

Normally, the detrusor muscle is relaxed while the bladder becomes gradually full.

The sensation of wanting to pass urine happens when the bladder is about half full.

The urge to pass urine will cause the patient to go to the toilet.

Most people can prevent the urge to pass urine after this initial feeling until it is convenient to go to the toilet.

Once the detrusor muscle contracts to pass urine, there is less control over the bladder.

A normal urine volume is dependent on the age and gender.

However, less than 2 liters per day