Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine: Volume 6

By Anika Niambi Al-Shura

Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, volume six in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series, presents the structure, function and pathology of the cardiovascular system from Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine perspectives. Sections discuss cardiac acu-anatomy, including cardiac cells and heart structure, gastrointestinal cells and mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine structures, and more, while other chapters cover the qi, yin and yang roles in cardiac rhythm and pumping actions and the pathology of the heart and vascular system and the zang and fu relationship with other body organs.

This important reference will aid cardiovascular researchers in the study of integrative Chinese and Western medicine with its clear, structured base that will guide clinical practice and encourage collaboration between Chinese and Western medicine practitioners.

• Provides evidence for the mainstreaming of acu-meridian theory and pathophysiology
• Explores the detailed connection between heart dysfunction and the disease mechanisms of other organ systems
• Combines western medicine anatomy and pathophysiology with TCM aspects of essence, qi, blood and body fluid concept, production and function to explain the cardiovascular system dysfunction, it’s independent role and dependent interactions with the functions of other organ systems

• Language: English
• Publisher: Academic Press
• Release date: Jul 22, 2020
• ISBN: 9780128175798

Anika Niambi Al-Shura

Dr. Anika Niambi Al-Shura is originally from Louisville, Ky, USA. She has one son, one grandson and resides in Kentucky and Florida, USA. She enjoys cultivating medicinal plants and formulating medicinal herb recipes, soap making, fine art, travelling internationally to meet people for learning new cultures and ways of living, mountain hiking and relaxing on the beach near the ocean. Dr. Al-Shura has 14 continuous years of formal education involving Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical practice, advanced medical study, research and education between the United States, Italy and China. In 2004, her master’s degree in Oriental Medicine was earned from East West College of Natural Medicine in Florida, USA. In mainland China between 2004 and 2014, she earned hospital study, advanced scholar and specialty certificates in Chinese medicine, internal medicine and surgery and cardiology from several university affiliated hospitals. Those hospitals include Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital and Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Her subspecialty training in TCM is in interventional cardiology involving the catherization lab. Dr. Al-Shura earned her PhD in medical education in 2014 through the University Ambrosiana program. Her dissertation on Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine (ICCM) became her first textbook entitled, “Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine: A Personalized Medicine Perspective”. This book was one of 7 textbooks written to introduce the concepts of ICCM. All were published and released together through Elsevier Academic Press in 2014. Those textbooks are utilized for the level 1 program studies in ICCM with continuing medical education (CME) courses. Eight additional textbooks were written on the establishment and development of intermediate ICCM theories and practices. Those textbooks are utilized for the level 2 program CME studies in ICCM. Those 8 textbooks are part of the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series and were published and released together through Elsevier Academic Press in 2019. Dr. Al-Shura is currently a faculty member at Everglades University in Florida, where she teaches medical and healthcare course in the Bachelors of Alternative Medicine program. She also has Niambi Wellness Institute, based in Florida and Kentucky, where Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine research and work continues. It includes a natural pharmacy lab and a continuing medical education (CME) program. The natural pharmacy researches, formulates, manufactures and distributes various patented and original formulations using TCM herbs. The CME program includes TCM cardiology courses which grant credits towards NCCAOM, state medical board and state TCM board license renewals in the United States.

Book preview

Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine

Volume 6

Anika Niambi Al-Shura, BSc, MSOM, PhD

Niambi Wellness Institute, Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA

Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

In Memory

Dedication

Preface

Dr. Al-Shura biography

Part I. Cardiovascular anatomy

1. Cardiac cells

Chapter objectives

Energy metabolism

Myocytes

Endothelium

2. Cardiac structure

Chapter objectives

Pericardium

Valves

Right heart

Left heart

3. Cardiovascular system

Chapter objectives

Overview of cardiovascular embryogenesis and postnatal conduction

Conduction system

Baroreception

Bainbridge reflex of the right and left atria

Carotid artery and aorta

Regular circulation

Preload and afterload

The aorta

Descending aorta

4. Meridians and acupoints

Chapter objectives

The heart zang

Relationship between the heart zang and small intestine fu

Heart zang and pericardium zang

Heart zang and lung zang

Heart zang and large intestine fu

Heart zang and liver zang

Heart zang and gallbladder fu

Heart zang and kidney zang

Heart zang and urinary bladder fu

Heart zang and spleen zang

Heart zang and stomach fu

Part II. Cardiovascular physiology

5. Cardiac rhythms

Chapter objectives

Electrical conduction system of the heart

Parasympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Electrocardiogram

Sinoatrial node

Atrioventricular node

6. Pumping actions of the heart

Chapter objectives

Cardiac action potentials

Resting phase (yin phase)

Refractory period (yin into yang phase)

Repolarization phase (yang into yin phase)

7. Vascular function and circulation

Chapter objectives

The arteries

The capillaries

The veins

8. Humoral control

Chapter objectives

Vasoconstricting agents

Vasodilator agents

9. Autonomic nervous system

Enteric nervous system

Sympathetic division

Parasympathetic division

Part III. Pathology

10. Integrative medicine perspectives

Chapter objectives

Material aspects

The spiritual aspects

Heart zang

Pulmonary vessels of the lung zang

Neuro vessels

Renal vessels of the kidney zang

Hepatic vessels of liver zang

Vessels of the spleen zang

11. Respiratory system disorders

Chapter objectives

Lung Qi

Factors in all respiratory pathophysiology

Lung Qi pathology

Genetics

12. Neurological disorders

Chapter objectives

Sea of marrow

Controls the smooth flow of Qi

Nourishes Shen and mental activity

Factors in neurological and psychoemotional disorders

Brain marrow pathology

Genetics

13. Nephrotic and nephritic disorders

Chapter objectives

Kidney essence

Kidney Qi

Determinants of nephrological functioning

Factors in all nephrological pathology

Kidney Qi pathology

Genetics

14. Hepatic disorders

Chapter objectives

Vitality

Liver Qi

Determinants of hepatic functioning

Factors in all hepatic pathology

Liver zang pathology

Genetics

15. Splenic disorders

The spleen and pancreas

Traditional Chinese medicine

Spleen Qi

Determinants of splenic functioning

Factors in all splenic pathology

Spleen Qi pathology

Genetics

Index

Copyright

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Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

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ISBN: 978-0-12-817578-1

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In Memory

This textbook is dedicated in memory of my late parents. To Mary A Cummings (1954–2006) who passed away of heart failure and other related diseases, I am continuing to keep my promise of finding out what was wrong with you and what could have been done to prevent some of them. To my father Abdur-Rahman Qurban Al-Shura (1949–80), I followed what you advised me to do in life, and taught me to always find a way to make it happen.

Dedication

The writing of this textbook is dedicated to my son, Khaleel Shakeer Ryland, and his son, my grandson Khaleem Qurban Ryland. Your ancestors motivated me to find important solutions that may help some people in this world be relieved of suffering. May this legacy inspire and guide you to do the same in this life and to pass our ways on to future descendants.

Preface

The Development, Promotion, and Ongoing Research of Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine

Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine (ICCM) is an area of medical study, research, and education with basic medical sciences, theories, and practices. It was created by Dr. Anika Niambi Al-Shura in 2014 as part of her doctorate degree. Cardiology in Chinese Medicine first became an interest during her early years of study in Chinese hospitals in China in 2004–06. At the time Dr. Al-Shura got a great opportunity to travel to China to work and study. It had dawned on her that before her father died in 1980, he predicted that she would study sciences and travel east to do something important. Dr. Al-Shura decided that she could search for ways to improve on her skills and master's degree in Oriental Medicine education to help her mother, Mary, suffering from advancing cardiovascular diseases. Before important revelations in medicine and health care became understood in her mission, Mary passed away in her early 50s in 2006.

Dr. Al-Shura continued her study and went on to hospital research in China between 2006 and 2014. She was recycling what her father had predicted directly to her word for word, realizing it may have been bigger than finding ways to only help her mother. Realizing that her father's prediction seemed to be coming true, she used this period to learn and think about how she could have been able to care for Mary and possibly relieved or cured certain cardiovascular disorders had she survived. It became apparent that Mary's ignored genetic predispositions, lifestyle, and practitioner racial/cultural profiling assumptions about prescribing, maintaining, and prolonging pharmaceutical drug use, and without access to gold star therapies even though the means to afford such therapies were available, were contributors to her advancing condition. Consideration and empathy for these factors from her health-care team and a careful analysis of the condition early on, the method of combining herbal therapy, nutrition, and pharmaceutical drug therapy, had this method been available at the time, may have had a positive impact.

Today, Dr. Al-Shura's work in developing her subject of ICCM is partially in memory of her mother who lived before the dawning of the integrative medicine era.

Health-care practitioners, cardiovascular patients, and the public who study from the textbooks in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series should note the basic medical sciences, theories, and practices which revolve throughout the textbooks, making it necessary to read them first in order then randomly several times. The reader who studies among the integrative cardiovascular Chinese medicine series embarks on a leg of the life journey, discovering what small and significant accomplishments one may achieve in their own well-being.

Themes which can be found in the textbooks throughout the series are as follows:

1. ICCM acknowledges and integrates the history of the ancient and modern medicine perspectives from cultures around the world. Science and medicine was shared and preserved on some continents while being destroyed or lost on others.

2. ICCM establishes the belief that the human body can be explained through static scientific explanations of anatomy and physiological mechanisms and actions and through dynamic perspectives which brings people together in common and makes each person unique. Personalizing medicine can put analysis and insight into focus and tailor treatment more effectively.

3. ICCM acknowledges that patient autonomy and responsibility is a necessary and primary factor in health and well-being. Patients must enter the health care arena with a clear intention to heal and a detailed narrative that assists in that purpose. They must partner with providers in compliance with what is required to assist health restoration.

4.