The Communist Manifesto by Marx, Karl, Engels, Friedrich New Edition [Paperback(1948)]
()
About this ebook
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) was, like Karl Marx, a German philosopher, historian, political theorist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. Unlike Marx, Engels was born to a wealthy family, but he used his family's money to spread his philosophy of empowering workers, exposing what he saw as the bourgeoisie's sinister motives and encouraging the working class to rise up and demand their rights. He wrote several works in collaboration with Marx - most famously "The Communist Manifesto" - and supported Marx financially after he was forced to relocate to London. Following Marx's death, Engels compiled the second and third volumes of Das Kapital, ensuring that this seminal document would live on. He continued writing for the rest of his life and died in London in 1894.
Read more from Friedrich Engels
The Existential Literature Collection Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Socialism, Utopian and Scientific Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5The Communist Manifesto: A Modern Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Collected Works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The Complete Works PergamonMedia Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Enlightenment Collection Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAnti-Dühring Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Communist Manifesto (Diversion Classics) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Socialism, Utopian and Scientific Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Dialectics of Nature Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (Barnes & Noble Digital Library) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Holy Family - Critique of Critical Critique Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFeuerbach: The roots of the socialist philosophy Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFrederick Engels: The Best Works Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Related to The Communist Manifesto by Marx, Karl, Engels, Friedrich New Edition [Paperback(1948)]
Related ebooks
The Communist Manifesto Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Communist Manifesto by Marx, Karl, Engels, Friedrich New Edition [Paperback(1948)] Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsManifesto of the Communist Party Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Communist Manifesto (Best Navigation, Active TOC) (A to Z Classics) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Communist Manifesto: Delve into Marx and Engels' Revolutionary Classic - eBook Edition Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Communist Manifesto (A to Z Classics) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Communist Manifesto: The Revolutionary Words Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsManifesto of the Communist Party: From the English Edition of 1888 Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Manifesto of the Communist Party Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFour Books Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Communist Manifesto Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Communist Manifesto: Original Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Communist Manifesto (Diversion Classics) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCommunist Manifesto: “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMarx - Engels The Communist Manifesto: original version Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Communist Manifesto in Plain and Simple English (A Modern Translation and the Original Version) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Communist Manifesto: The revolutionary text that changed the course of history Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary Of "Manifesto Of The Communist Party" By Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEvolution of Communism: The Coming Revolution! Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Untold Slavery of Europe and The Communist's Manifesto: The Fundamental Principles of Politics Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Conquest of Bread: With an Excerpt from Comrade Kropotkin by Victor Robinson Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFrench and German Socialism in Modern Times Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Conquest of Bread Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Conquest of Bread. Illustrated Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWorld Socialist Revolution Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Conquest of Bread Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Communist Manifesto (SparkNotes Philosophy Guide) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Conquest of Bread Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsImperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Christianity For You
Boundaries Updated and Expanded Edition: When to Say Yes, How to Say No To Take Control of Your Life Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love that Lasts Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Screwtape Letters Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Decluttering at the Speed of Life: Winning Your Never-Ending Battle with Stuff Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Anxious for Nothing: Finding Calm in a Chaotic World Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Present Over Perfect: Leaving Behind Frantic for a Simpler, More Soulful Way of Living Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Changes That Heal: Four Practical Steps to a Happier, Healthier You Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Story: The Bible as One Continuing Story of God and His People Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Purpose Driven Life: What on Earth Am I Here For? Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Winning the War in Your Mind: Change Your Thinking, Change Your Life Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Wild at Heart Expanded Edition: Discovering the Secret of a Man's Soul Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mere Christianity Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Four Loves Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Less Fret, More Faith: An 11-Week Action Plan to Overcome Anxiety Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Uninvited: Living Loved When You Feel Less Than, Left Out, and Lonely Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Grief Observed Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Bible Recap: A One-Year Guide to Reading and Understanding the Entire Bible Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Law of Connection: Lesson 10 from The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Good Boundaries and Goodbyes: Loving Others Without Losing the Best of Who You Are Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership: Follow Them and People Will Follow You Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5NIV, Holy Bible Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Book of Enoch Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Everybody, Always: Becoming Love in a World Full of Setbacks and Difficult People Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Don't Give the Enemy a Seat at Your Table: It's Time to Win the Battle of Your Mind... Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Boundaries Workbook: When to Say Yes, How to Say No to Take Control of Your Life Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Girl, Wash Your Face: Stop Believing the Lies About Who You Are so You Can Become Who You Were Meant to Be Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Holy Bible (World English Bible, Easy Navigation) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5I Guess I Haven't Learned That Yet: Discovering New Ways of Living When the Old Ways Stop Working Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for The Communist Manifesto by Marx, Karl, Engels, Friedrich New Edition [Paperback(1948)]
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
The Communist Manifesto by Marx, Karl, Engels, Friedrich New Edition [Paperback(1948)] - Friedrich Engels
Colonies
Introduction
A spectre is haunting Europe — the spectre of communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Tsar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies.
Where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as communistic by its opponents in power? Where is the opposition that has not hurled back the branding reproach of communism, against the more advanced opposition parties, as well as against its reactionary adversaries?
Two things result from this fact:
Communism is already acknowledged by all European powers to be itself a power.
It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this nursery tale of the spectre of communism with a manifesto of the party itself.
To this end, Communists of various nationalities have assembled in London and sketched the following manifesto, to be published in the English, French, German, Italian, Flemish and Danish languages.
Chapter 1
Bourgeois and Proletarians
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.
In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.
The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.
Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinct feature: it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other — bourgeoisie and proletariat.
From the serfs of the Middle Ages sprang the chartered burghers of the earliest towns. From these burgesses the first elements of the bourgeoisie were developed.
The discovery of America, the rounding of the Cape, opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. The East-Indian and Chinese markets, the colonization of America, trade with the colonies, the increase in the means of exchange and in commodities generally, gave to commerce, to navigation, to industry, an impulse never before known, and thereby, to the revolutionary element in the tottering feudal society, a rapid development.
The feudal system of industry, in which industrial production was monopolized by closed guilds, now no longer suffices for the growing wants of the new markets. The manufacturing system took its place. The guild-masters were pushed aside by the manufacturing middle class; division of labor between the different corporate guilds vanished in the face of division of labor in each single workshop.
Meantime, the markets kept ever growing, the demand ever rising. Even manufacturers no longer sufficed. Thereupon, steam and machinery revolutionized industrial production. The place of manufacture was taken by the giant, Modern Industry; the place of the industrial middle class by industrial millionaires, the leaders of the whole industrial armies, the modern bourgeois.
Modern industry has established the world market, for which the discovery of America paved the way. This market has given an immense development to commerce, to navigation, to communication by land. This development has, in turn, reacted on the extension of industry; and in proportion as industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, in the same proportion the bourgeoisie developed, increased its capital, and pushed into the background every class handed down from the Middle Ages.
We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.
Each step in the development of the bourgeoisie was accompanied by a corresponding political advance in that class. An oppressed class under the sway of the feudal nobility, an armed and self-governing association of medieval commune: here independent urban republic (as in Italy and Germany); there taxable third estate
of the monarchy (as in France); afterward, in the period of manufacturing proper, serving either the semi-feudal or the absolute monarchy as a counterpoise against the nobility, and, in fact, cornerstone of the great monarchies in general — the bourgeoisie has at last, since the establishment of Modern Industry and of the world market, conquered for itself, in the modern representative state, exclusive political sway. The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie.
The bourgeoisie, historically, has played a most revolutionary part.
The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his natural superiors
, and has left no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous "cash