Sexton's Pocket-Book for Boiler-Makers and Steam Users: Comprising a Variety of Useful Information for Employer and Workmen, Government Inspectors, Board of Trade Surveyors, Engineers in Charge of Works and Ships, Foreman of Manufactories, and the General Steam-Using Public
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Sexton's Pocket-Book for Boiler-Makers and Steam Users - Maurice John Sexton
173
PREFACE.
IT is customary with authors to apologise for offering a new work to the public, and if an apology is in this case necessary, it is that I am only supplying a want that has been long and earnestly felt. Several years ago I compiled a Pocket-Book of Tables for my own use, to avoid having to make long calculations the moment they were wanted, and thereby risk the occurrence of a mistake. To these I have added the results of upwards of twenty years’ experience amongst the manufacture and working of Boilers, the last ten years of this time being occupied as foreman boiler-maker in one of the most prominent London firms. Many of my scientific friends, to whom I have shown my Pocket-Book, have assured me that it is in their opinion the book most urgently needed at the present time, and that it is simply my duty to offer it to the public. In compiling these pages, I have studiously endeavoured to confine myself to my own profession, and not to interfere with any book already existing. I sincerely hope that the contents of these pages may prove beneficial to the reader, and that the interests of no person may suffer.
MAURICE JOHN SEXTON.
Millwall, London.
INTRODUCTION.
FEW manufactures, if any, should be conducted under conditions so strictly systematic as that of Boiler-making; and there are no workmen to whom it is a greater matter of necessity to be familiar with the laws of Nature, as they immediately affect their trade, than Boiler-makers. The number of steam boilers that prematurely wear out, or explode with more or less destruction to life or property—such explosions or premature decay being entirely or partially attributable to insufficient knowledge on the part of the workman or his superintendent—is difficult to estimate; and it will be readily admitted by those who are at all acquainted with the subject, that working Boilermakers, and in many instances their foremen, are very imperfectly instructed in the extremely difficult duties they have to perform. It is, indeed, a matter of no little surprise that a plain and practical work on Boiler-making has never before been written; but perhaps the reason is, that men who attain proficiency in so very laborious an occupation have no taste for devoting their very limited leisure time to writing; and that those whose circumstances have enabled them to become acquainted with the theory of Boiler-making have for equal reasons been precluded from acquiring a practical knowledge that is only to be obtained by years of hard work and close observation. This little book is intended to remedy this defect, or fill this void in the flow of much needed instruction; and as the writer has, in common with thousands of others, often felt the need of a pocket-book of reference like the present, he has endeavoured to make it all that could be desired to give the mechanic a thorough knowledge of his business, whereby he will save himself much trouble and anxiety, and in very many instances the time and material of his employer.
STEAM USERS
also will find this work very useful, as it will show them where to look for hidden defects, and their cause and means of prevention; and, indeed many persons would be startled if they were aware of the strain put upon their boilers in trying to make one part fit the other that has never been properly prepared to receive it, and which depends entirely upon the elasticity of the iron to force or drag parts together, which a very little extra pressure would cause to fly asunder. This unfortunately has more than once occurred, when, it is usual to say, the boiler was constructed by one of the best makers; was tested to so much more than the working pressure; was fitted with all the latest improvements; had a sufficient supply of water at the time of the explosion; and as the safety valves were found to have been properly adjusted, the cause of the accident must be owing to some mysterious action of the water inside the boiler. In conclusion, algebraic signs will not be used in this work. All abstruseness or ambiguity will be avoided; and really the possessor will not have to make any calculations—a thing to be always avoided during the hurry and excitement of working hours—but will find in the following pages an answer to every question that, in the ordinary course of business, can possibly suggest