Low White Blood Cells, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
()
About this ebook
Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of white blood cells called leukocytes.
White blood cells are important because they fight infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi and other pathogens (organisms that cause infection).
White blood cells comprise of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.
A low white blood cell count (leukopenia) is a drop in disease-fighting cells in the blood.
Leukopenia is almost always related to a decrease in a certain type of white blood cell (neutrophil).
Generally, for adults a count lower than 4,000 white blood cells (leukocytes) per microliter of blood is considered a low white blood cell count.
One important type of white blood cell is the neutrophil (a granulocyte cell).
These cells are produced in bone marrow and travel in the bloodstream throughout the body.
They can sense infections, reach sites of infection, and destroy the pathogens.
Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte and are normally found in the bloodstream.
During the beginning (acute) phase of inflammation, especially as a result of bacterial infection, environmental exposure, and some cancers, neutrophils are one of the first-responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of inflammation.
They travel through the blood vessels, then through interstitial tissue, pursuing chemical signals such as Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C5a, fMLP, Leukotriene B4 and H2O2 in a process called chemotaxis.
They are the main cells producing pus, responsible for its yellowish appearance
When the body has too few neutrophils (
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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Low White Blood Cells, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
Low White Blood
Cells,
A
Simple
Guide
To
The Condition,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2017 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes Low White Blood Cells, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What The patient Need to Treat Low White Blood Cells)
This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If the patient would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank the patient for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 amazon kindle books and 200 into Smashwords.com eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Low White Blood Cells
What is Low White Blood Cells?
Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of white blood cells called leukocytes.
White blood cells are important because they fight infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi and other pathogens (organisms that cause infection).
White blood cells comprise of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.
A low white blood cell count (leukopenia) is a drop in disease-fighting cells in the blood.
Leukopenia is almost always related to a decrease in a certain type of white blood cell (neutrophil).
Generally, for adults a count lower than 4,000 white blood cells (leukocytes) per microliter of blood is considered a low white blood cell count.
One important type of white blood cell is the neutrophil (a granulocyte cell).
These cells are produced in bone marrow and travel in the bloodstream throughout the body.
They can sense infections, reach sites of infection, and destroy the pathogens.
Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte and are normally found in the bloodstream.
During the beginning (acute) phase of inflammation, especially as a result of bacterial infection, environmental exposure, and some cancers, neutrophils are one of the first-responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of inflammation.
They travel through the blood vessels, then through interstitial tissue, pursuing chemical signals such as Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C5a, fMLP, Leukotriene B4 and H2O2 in a process called chemotaxis.
They are the main cells producing pus, responsible for its yellowish appearance
When the body has too few neutrophils, the disorder is called neutropenia.
This makes it more difficult for the body to fight off pathogens.
As a result the person tends more likely to get sick from infections.
Generally, an adult who has fewer than 1,000 neutrophils in a microliter of blood has neutropenia.
If the neutrophil count is very low, (less than 500 neutrophils/mL of blood), it is called severe neutropenia.
When the neutrophil count gets this low, even the bacteria normally living in a person's mouth, skin, and gut can induce serious infections.
Granulocytopenia is identified as a reduced number of blood granulocytes, namely neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
The term granulocytopenia is often used synonymously with neutropenia and, in that sense, is again confined to the neutrophil lineage alone.
Agranulocytosis is the more severe form of granulocytopenia with danger of serious infection rising as the absolute granulocyte count drops to the severely low range (< 500/µL).
For children, that threshold varies with age.
Some people who are otherwise healthy have white cell counts that are lower than what is typically considered normal, but which are normal for them.
What are the causes of Low white blood cells?
Causes
White blood cells have an important part in the immunity system of an individual.
The white blood cell count is done routinely as part of