The English Springer Spaniel: An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet

By Carol Callahan

At last, a book about your pet that emphasizes total care, training and companionship! You'll not only learn about the specie-specific traits of your special pet, you'll also learn what the world's like from your pet's perspective; how to feed, groom and keep your pet healthy; and how to enjoy your pet through training and activities you can do together. The English Springer Spaniel is written by a breed expert and includes a special chapter on training by Dr. Ian Dunbar, internationally renowned animal behaviorist, and chapters on getting active with your dog by long-time Dog Fancy magazine columnist Bardi McLennan.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Turner Publishing Company
• Release date: Apr 21, 2008
• ISBN: 9780470309896

Book preview

part one

External Features of the English Springer Spaniel TT

chapter 1

What Is an English Springer Spaniel?

One look at the English Springer Spaniel and you know why this is such a well-loved dog: He combines beauty, size and personality.

Look at his coat. It’s soft and feathery in spots, but not too long. He is a striking pairing of black and white or brown and white, with big patches, little patches, even spotty patches.

Look at his face. Those adoring brown eyes, saying they’ll love you no matter what. That nicely defined muzzle, not too big, not too small, just the right size for nudging at your hands for an extra pat. And those long, soft ears that blow in the wind as he runs drape around his face to give him that sweet expression.

Look at his athletic build: strong feet; solid legs; square, compact body. Not too tall, not too short—a perfect size for the sometimes fit/sometimes flabby family, content to exercise well and lounge well.

Look at how he acts. Devoted to his human family. Mild-mannered. Good-natured. A go-anywhere, do-anything kind of dog who always seems to be smiling at you. This is the English Springer Spaniel.

Taking a Closer Look

All pure-bred dogs were developed for particular reasons (more on history in Chapter 2). Suffice it to say that each breed is supposed to look a certain way and be instantly recognizable as that breed.

To keep breeding true, dog breeders developed blueprints of their breeds—standards by which they measured the success of their breeding programs. Each pure breed of dog has a standard, which describes in detail what the ideal specimen of that dog should look like. No perfect dog of any breed has been or will ever be bred, there are just those that come as close as possible (or not).

The breed standard is also what dog show judges use to evaluate the dogs in the show ring. The judges go over the dogs in the ring and keep mental notes of which parts are closest—and furthest—from the standard.

Studying your breed’s standard is a good way to learn about what generations of English Springer Spaniel breeders have been striving to produce. The standard is written by the breed’s parent club, the English Springer Spaniel Field Trial Association, and it was most recently reformatted and approved by the American Kennel Club in 1989.

Below is the Official Standard for the English Springer Spaniel. To help you understand each point, I have provided some commentary after the official wording. The Official Standard is in regular type, the commentary is in italics. Read carefully while looking at your wonderful pet. How does your dog compare to the standard?

Official Standard for the English Springer Spaniel

GENERAL APPEARANCE

The English Springer Spaniel is a medium-sized sporting dog, with a compact body and a docked tail. His coat is moderately long, with feathering on his legs, ears, chest and brisket. His pendulous ears, soft gentle expression, sturdy build and friendly wagging tail proclaim him unmistakably a member of the ancient family of Spaniels. He is above all a well-proportioned dog, free from exaggeration, nicely balanced in every part. His carriage is proud and upstanding, body deep, legs strong and muscular, with enough length to carry him with ease. Taken as a whole, the English Springer Spaniel suggests power, endurance and agility. He looks the part of a dog that can go, and keep going, under difficult hunting conditions. At his best, he is endowed with style, symmetry, balance and enthusiasm and is every inch a sporting dog of distinct spaniel character, combining beauty and utility.

This show dog has his ears wrapped so they don’t gel dirty before he goes into the ring.

What comes across most about the Springer’s general appearance is that he should, look the part of the capable hunter that he is—well proportioned . . . free from exaggeration, nicely balanced in every part. As you study his individual parts in more detail, keep this in mind. And don’t forget that soft gentle expression and friendly wagging tail—so telling of the English Springer Spaniel. The Springer is built to do his day’s work with style and gusto, and enjoy it.

SIZE, PROPORTION AND SUBSTANCE

The Springer is built to cover rough ground with agility and reasonable speed. His structure suggests the capacity for endurance. He is to be kept to medium size. Ideal height at the shoulder for dogs is 20 inches; for bitches, it is 19 inches. Those more than one inch under or over the breed ideal are to be faulted. A 20-inch dog, well-proportioned and in good condition, will weight approximately 50 pounds; a 19-inch bitch will weigh approximately 40 pounds. The length of the body (measured from the point of shoulder to point of buttocks) is slightly greater than the height at the withers. The dog too long in body, especially when long in loin, tires easily and lacks the compact outline characteristic of the breed. A dog too short in body for the length of his legs, a condition which destroys balance and restricts gait, is equally undesirable. A Springer with correct substance appears well-knit and sturdy, with good bone; however, he is never coarse or ponderous.

WHAT IS A BREED STANDARD?

A breed standard—a detailed description of an individual breed—is meant to portray the ideal specimen of that breed. This includes ideal structure, temperament, gait, type—all aspects of the dog. Because the standard describes an ideal specimen, it isn’t based on any particular dog. It is a concept against which judges compare actual dogs and breeders strive to produce dogs. At a dog show, the dog that wins is the one that comes closest, in the judge’s opinion, to the standard for its breed. Breed standards are written by the breed parent clubs, the national organizations formed to oversee the well-being of the breed. They are voted on and approved by the members of the parent clubs.

What’s important to notice here is the emphasis on correct size. This is because a larger or smaller dog would have a build that caused, it to work differently. A smaller dog would be like the Springer’s close cousin the Cocker Spaniel, who has his own standard based on his job. A bigger dog would make the Springer less the compact, close-working hunter he’s supposed to be. After the weighing and measuring are done, however, it is important for the dog to be balanced. Refer back to general appearance and keep reminding yourself that a well-built dog is balanced— well-knit and sturdy . . . in no way coarse or ponderous.

HEAD

The head is impressive without being heavy. Its beauty lies in a combination of strength and refinement. It is important that its size and proportion be in balance with the rest of the dog. Viewed in profile, the head appears approximately the same length as the neck and blends with the body in substance. The stop, eyebrows and chiseling of the bony structure around the eye sockets contribute to the Springer’s beautiful and characteristic expression, which is alert, kindly and trusting. The eyes, more than any other feature, are the essence of the Springer’s appeal. Correct size, shape, placement and color influence expression and attractiveness. The eyes are of medium size and oval in shape, set rather well-apart and fairly deep in their sockets. The color of the iris harmonizes with the color of the coat, preferably dark hazel in the liver and white dogs and black or deep brown in the black and white dogs. Eye rims are fully pigmented and match the coat in color. Lids are tight with little or no haw showing. Eyes that are small, round or protruding, as well as eyes that are yellow or brassy in color, are highly undesirable. Ears are long and fairly wide, hanging close to the cheeks with no tendency to stand up or out. The ear leather is thin and approximately long enough to reach the tip of the nose. Correct ear set is on a level with the eye and not too far back on the skull. The skull is medium-length and fairly broad, flat on top and slightly rounded at the sides and back. The occiput bone is inconspicuous. As the skull rises from the foreface, it makes a stop, divided by a groove, or fluting, between the eyes. The groove disappears as it reaches the middle of the forehead. The amount of stop is moderate. It must not be a pronounced feature; rather it is a subtle rise where the muzzle joins the upper head. It is emphasized by the groove and by the position and shape of the eyebrows, which are well-developed. The muzzle is approximately the same length as the skull and one-half the width of the skull. Viewed in profile, the toplines of the skull and muzzle lie in approximately parallel planes. The nasal bone is straight, with no inclination downward toward the tip of the nose, the latter giving an undesirable downfaced look. Neither is the nasal bone concave, resulting in a dish-faced profile; nor convex, giving the dog a Roman nose. The cheeks are flat, and the face is well-chiseled under the eyes. Jaws are of sufficient length to allow the dog to carry game easily: fairly square, lean and strong. The upper lips come down full and rather square to cover the line of the lower jaw, however, the lips are never pendulous or exaggerated. The nose is fully-pigmented, liver or black in color, depending on the color of the coat. The nostrils are well-opened and broad. Teeth are strong, clean, of good size and ideally meet in a close scissors bite. An even bite or one or two incisors slightly out of line are minor faults. Undershot, overshot and wry jaws are serious faults and are to be severely penalized.

This is Robert, the 1993 Westminster Best in Show winner, with his handler, Mark Threlfall. Compare his build and appearance with what you read here.

THE AMERICAN KENNEL CLUB

Familiarly referred to as the AKC, the American Kennel Club is a nonprofit organization devoted to the advancement of purebred dogs. The AKC maintains a registry of recognized breeds and adopts and enforces rules for dog events including shows, obedience trials, field trials, hunting tests, lure coursing, herding, earthdog trials, agility and the Canine Good Citizen program. It is a club of clubs, established in 1884 and composed, today, of over 500 autonomous dog clubs throughout the United States. Each club is represented by a delegate; the delegates make up the legislative body of the AKC, voting on rules and electing directors. The American Kennel Club maintains the Stud Book, the record of every dog ever registered with the AKC, and publishes a variety of materials on purebred dogs, including a monthly magazine, books and numerous educational pamphlets. For more information, contact the AKC at the address listed in Chapter 13, Resources, and look for the names of their publications in Chapter 12, Recommended Reading.

Why, you may ask, is the description of the Springer’s head so long? Because it is the source of some very important functions—smell, vision, jaw power and expression, to name a few. Variations in size of muzzle affect scenting ability by changing the amount of air traveling through and reaching the membranes containing scent glands. The shape of the mouth and jaw are designed so that the Springer can retrieve landfowl without pressure or strain. The size, shape and color of the eyes are all crucial to giving the correct expression to the Springer—the expression that’s won the heart of anyone he meets.

NECK, TOPLINE, BODY

The neck is moderately long, muscular, clean and slightly arched at the crest. It blends gradually and smoothly into sloping shoulders. The portion