Downtown Lake Forest

By Susan L. Kelsey and Shirley M. Paddock

See how Lake Forest's downtown and Central Business District have been the heart of the community for over 150 years.

Lake Forest is a picturesque city built on the shores of Lake Michigan and has been home to Chicago's capitalist families, who developed estates around beautiful Lake Forest College. For over 150 years, the Lake Forest Central Business District has been the heart of the community. Now, you can see for yourself why that is thanks to never-before published photographs from personal collections, the estate of Griffith, Grant and Lackie, the City of Lake Forest and others.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Arcadia Publishing
• Release date: Sep 21, 2009
• ISBN: 9781439621059

Susan L. Kelsey

In Downtown Lake Forest, Susan L. Kelsey and Shirley M. Paddock have assembled never-before-published photographs from personal collections, the estate of Griffith, Grant and Lackie, the City of Lake Forest, and others.

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INTRODUCTION

It is a pleasure and honor to write an introduction to this book about one of the most unique, notable, and influential suburban town centers in America—downtown Lake Forest and Market Square.

Lake Forest began as a millionaires’ refuge prior to the Civil War. Whole families came out along the 1855 rail line from Chicago to live. The original 1857 plan for the town was innovative in its curvilinear streets; its educational (versus business) town center, which is now the Lake Forest College campus; and its no-growth, essentially gated community character. Businesses were all west of the tracks, with the town between the tracks and Lake Michigan to the east. Western Avenue, the business front street, was west of the tracks and not routinely visited by the estate-owning Chicago business leaders and their families, who were here year around for the schools. The stores were frequented only by their staffs. By the 1890s, however, this all-year character of the community had changed to a seasonal one, owing much to the 1895 founding of the Onwentsia club with its golf, polo, fox hunting, and tennis.

For the next 100 years, which encompassed the 1916 building of Market Square and its subsequent sale in 1984, Lake Forest’s town center served one of the most fabled and exclusive communities in the nation. It catered to the rarefied tastes and expensive demands of Chicago’s social and economic elite who were ensconced here especially from April to July and from September into early November. In August, many scattered to cooler spots. During this hot season, when windows could be kept down in the sooty, malodorous city 30 miles south, the community shrank down to year-round Chicago commuters and their families, college and preparatory students and faculty, and the townspeople who served all of these groups.

By 1912, the ramshackle little Lake Forest downtown was an embarrassment to the growing local estate community. The new Onwentsia crowd had to drive through the neighborhood near the station, which was far from commensurate with their stately homes along Green Bay Road and beyond. These take-charge Chicago business leaders formed the Lake Forest Improvement Trust and by 1915 were redeveloping the central business district. This became Market Square, designed by future American Institute of Architects (AIA) gold medalist and estate owner Howard Van Doren Shaw (1869–1926). Shaw followed design precedents from already completed commercial and civic blocks west of tracks, including the three-story, towered Blackler Building (1895), the Tudor city hall (1899), the Tudor railroad station east of the square (1900), the Georgian Anderson Block (1903), and the Tudor Griffith Block (1904).

Shaw inserted an eclectic blend of English town planning called arts and crafts style with a classic west-end block. The plan went through three phases (1912, 1914, and 1915). This was the first town center planned around motor vehicles, the first City Beautiful movement to be funded commercially rather than by civic buildings, and the model for future town centers. In the next two decades, Shaw’s former draftsman, Stanley D. Anderson (1896–1960) of Anderson and Ticknor, extended the style and scale of Market Square south onto Deerpath Road for two and a half blocks west of Western Avenue. Above the square’s stores were apartments for those who owned or worked in the establishments below, an effort to reknit social and business life torn apart by the Industrial Revolution.

The many successful businesses themselves, not just