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    Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 404
    Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 404
    Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 404
    Ebook73 pages49 minutes

    Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 404

    By Lyster H. (Lyster Hoxie) Dewey and Jason L. Merrill

    ()

    Read preview
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 27, 2013
    Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 404

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      Book preview

      Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 404 - Lyster H. (Lyster Hoxie) Dewey

      The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material, by

      Lyster H. Dewey and Jason L. Merrill

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material

      United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 404

      Author: Lyster H. Dewey and Jason L. Merrill

      Release Date: February 25, 2006 [EBook #17855]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEMP HURDS AS PAPER-MAKING ***

      Produced by K.D. Thornton and the Online Distributed

      Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

      -1-

      UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

      BULLETIN No. 404

      Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry

      WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief

      October 14, 1916 Washington, D.C.

      PROFESSIONAL PAPER

      HEMP HURDS AS PAPER-MAKING MATERIAL.

      By Lyster H. Dewey, Botanist in Charge of Fiber-Plant Investigations, and Jason L. Merrill, Paper-Plant Chemist, Paper-Plant Investigations.

      CONTENTS.

      In preparing the report on the manufacture of paper from hemp hurds it became evident that a short discussion of the agricultural aspects of this material should be included in the publication. Such an article was prepared, therefore, and the two reports are here presented together.

      Note

      . —This bulletin should be useful to all persons who are interested in the economic phases of paper making, especially to print and book paper manufacturers. It also should be of interest to scientific investigators and chemists.

      THE PRODUCTION AND HANDLING OF HEMP HURDS.

      By Lyster H. Dewey, Botanist in Charge of Fiber-Plant Investigations.

      WHAT HEMP HURDS ARE.

      The woody inner portion of the hemp stalk, broken into pieces and separated from the fiber in the processes of breaking and scutching, is called hemp hurds. These hurds correspond to shives in flax, but are much coarser and are usually softer in texture.

      -2- The hemp stalk grown in a broadcast crop for fiber production is from one-eighth to three-eighths of an inch in diameter and from 4 to 10 feet tall. The stalk is hollow, with a cylindrical woody shell, thick near the base, where the stalk is nearly solid, and thinner above, where the hollow is relatively wider.

      In the process of breaking, the woody cylinder inside of the fiber-bearing bark is broken into pieces one-half of an inch to 3 inches long and usually split into numerous segments. The thicker lower sections are split less than the thin-shelled upper ones, and they are often left quite solid.

      PITH, WOOD, AND FIBER.

      The inner surface of the hurds usually bears a layer of pith, consisting of thin-walled cells nearly spherical or angular, but not elongated. They are more or less crushed and torn. They are probably of little value for paper, but they constitute less than 1 per cent of the weight of the hurds. The principal weight and bulk consist of slender elongated woody cells. The outer surface is covered with fine secondary fibers composed of slender elongated cells, tougher than those of the wood but finer and shorter than those of the hemp fiber of commerce. No method has been devised thus far which completely separates from the hurds all of the long fiber. From 5 to 15 per cent of the weight of the hurds consists of hemp fiber, in strands from 3 inches to 8 feet in length. Some fragments of the bark, made up of short cubical cells,

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