Dr. Karl Sylvester, a renowned pediatric surgeon, professor at Stanford University, and an expert in the field of necrotizing enterocolitis. This episode brims with insights on his groundbreaking research over the last two decades, focusing on the essential role of microbes in the baby's gut, the toxins they produce, and how these might be linked to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. You'll also get a glimpse into Dr. Sylvester's exciting presentation at the NEC Symposium. This episode teases apart fascinating theories, such as the role of formic acid - a harmful substance produced by certain bacteria - in the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis. From the concept of biomarkers to potential preventative measures and the power of interdisciplinary collaboration, this episode is a treasure trove of information. Join us as we shine a light on the pioneering research being done to enhance the lives of our youngest patients. As always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below. Enjoy!