In this episode, Dr. Jonathan Swanson discusses the evolution of neonatal nutrition and the major tenants of neonatal nutrition that have been learned over the years. He emphasizes the importance of breast milk and the role it plays in neurodevelopment and short-term outcomes. Dr. Swanson also explores the impact of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) on neonatal nutrition and the efforts to prevent NEC through good nutrition and optimizing homeostasis. The conversation then delves into the role of the maternal-fetal dyad in preparing the infant microbiome and the potential for probiotics to re-regulate the microbiome. The discussion concludes with a focus on the challenges and opportunities surrounding the use of probiotics in the NICU, including the role of families in decision-making and the impact of FDA regulations. As always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below. Enjoy!