Years ago, one of my clients updated me on her publishing journey. She turned in her manuscript on deadline, so that was a huge relief.



Then her editor asked for one last piece she'd put off.



"Ann, it took me two full weeks to track down everything for my endnotes. Two weeks!"



This first-time author knew the editor would ask for endnotes, but she had not kept track of them as she wrote.



Putting Off the Inevitable



When words were flowing—forming chapters, shaping ideas—she didn't want to lose momentum fiddling around with citations. So she decided to focus solely on the writing, trusting those endnotes would be easy to put together later.



After all, most of the books she mentioned in her text were stacked next to her, ready to access after submitting her manuscript. She could find the direct quotes online again in a few clicks, right?



"Please, Ann," she said, "I'm begging you to tell all your clients to document their sources along the way. Waiting until the end was a nightmare."



Save Time & Headaches



I've tried to convince the authors I coach to do just that: document all sources along the way.



More specifically, I recommend they create a citation at the moment they mention it in their draft. Or at the latest, create it before stepping away from that writing session. You think you'll come back to it the next morning, but it's easy to push it off until later...and later...and later.



Then your editor calls and you have to pull them together to submit a few days later.



Citations Are a Pain



It's a pain to track these bits of information.



Author Joanna Russ writes, "I once asked a young dissertation writer whether her suddenly grayed hair was due to ill-health or personal tragedy; she answered It was the footnotes" (Russ, 137).



It's tempting for authors to think of citations as a necessary evil, aging us, plaguing us.







Citations Are a Gift



But in reality they're a gift to our readers. They can dig deeper into the topic we introduce by visiting the websites, books, and podcasts we mention.



Citations are also a gift to us.



Heaven knows we want to avoid accusations of plagiarism, adhere to copyright laws, and make good faith efforts to track down the origin of a quote or statistic.



I'm not a lawyer and can't give legal advice, but giving credit where credit is due is a step in the right direction.



A good start is to include attribution for:




direct quotes



paraphrased quotes



summarized ideas & info that aren't common knowledge



paraphrased ideas & info that aren't common knowledge



any idea, statistic, framework, or content you didn't develop yourself




Create citations for any source: physical books, Kindle books, websites, interviews, podcasts, seminars, conferences, and more.



In doing so, you demonstrate you're joining—even contributing to—the broader conversation on this topic.







Is Blog Post and Social Media Citation Overkill?



You may associate footnotes and endnotes with books and scholarly writing, but I hope you'll join me in citing sources in your digital writing, as well: in blog posts, articles—even social media posts.



In years past, bloggers have generally taken a simpler approach, relying on linked text to credit sources. This minimized reader disruption and saved time.



Parenthetical citation or cumbersome in-text mentions with signal text slow the flow. You can see an example where I wrote "Author Joanna Russ writes..."



That phrasing signaled a source. Did it slow you down? Did it bother you?



Bloggers have generally viewed that style as clunky. Footnoting blog posts seemed over the top.



Vowing to Start Footnoting



I myself used to think it was over the top. In the early days of blogging no one else was adding footnotes, so I didn't bother.



Until 2012, when I taught high school students a session about plagiarism. The more I prepared for the session, the more I realized I wasn't following citation best practic...