We had the pleasure to chat with Iven Kurz, founder and CEO of Evergreen GmbH. Evergreen is a German retirement focused Robo advisor. Before founding his own company, Iven was a total return fund manager for two of the biggest German Private Banks. The total return investing style Iven uses is called Passive Dynamic Investing, which is based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Theory and he used for many years. We dive deep into the weeds of this investment form and see why it is being used for retirement saving. Please keep in mind this is not investment advice full disclaimer at the end of the podcast.   The topics discussed include: 03:00 - investment philosophies 04:30 - How Iven got into Total Return investing 07:00 - portfolio insurance investing and what is passive dynamic investing (PDI) 12:30 - deep dive into PDI and Option Pricing theory 17:30 - what is the goal of PDI 23:55 - how does risk work in PDI? 26:40 - PDI for retirement planning and risk 29:00 - risk budgets 32:00 - predicting returns for PDI Investing 35:25 - about long-short total return investing 37:30 - What Evergreen does 40:50 What Evergreen does differently 43:30 - costs and risk premium for robo-advisors 47:20 - PDI and black swan events 50:15 - closing questions   As always, make sure you share the podcast with anyone you think might benefit from the information. And don’t forget to leave us a 5-Star review on iTunes! Find out more at https://www.thewallstreetlab.com/ Luke, Leo & Andy