In this episode I discuss ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder): what it is, the common myths, and the biology and psychology of ADHD. I discuss both behavioral and pharmacologic treatments for ADHD, and brain-machine interface tools. I also discuss behavioral training protocols that can improve focus in people with ADHD and those without ADHD, and for people of different ages. I discuss the role of dopamine in coordinating 'default-mode' and 'task-related' neural networks, attentional "blinks" (lapses of attention) and how to overcome them, and the role of actual blinks in time perception and attention. Finally, I review some of the prescription and over the counter compounds for increasing focus such as Adderall, Ritalin, Modafinil and Armodafinil, the racetams, Alpha-GPC and phosphatidylserine and the role of diet for managing ADHD (and the controversies of diet for ADHD). The role of cell phones/technology in ADHD and ADHD-like challenges with focus are also discussed. Throughout, both basic science and clinical scenarios, as well as applicable tools and resources are covered. Thank you to our sponsors: Roka - https://www.roka.com -- code "huberman" Belcampo - https://www.belcampo.com/huberman Helix Sleep - https://www.helixsleep.com/huberman   Our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman   Supplements from Thorne: http://www.thorne.com/u/huberman   Support Research in the Huberman Lab at Stanford: https://hubermanlab.stanford.edu/giving   Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Email Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network   Links: Review of Compounds for ADHD, Smart Drugs & Focus - https://www.fbscience.com/Landmark/articles/10.52586/4948 Review of Atypical Compounds for ADHD - https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2016/1320423/ Study of Focus Protocol In ADHD & Non-ADHD Children - https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/13/4780   Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction & Note About Diagnosis 00:03:27 Sponsors  00:07:56 ADHD vs. ADD: Genetics, IQ, Rates in Kids & Adults 00:13:00 Attention & Focus, Impulse Control 00:14:57 Hyper-focus  00:16:45 Time Perception 00:18:25 The Pile System 00:20:00 Working Memory 00:24:10 Hyper-Focus & Dopamine  00:26:40 Neural Circuits In ADHD: Default Mode Network & Task-Related Networks  00:32:57 Low Dopamine in ADHD & Stimulant Use & Abuse 00:37:10 Sugar, Ritalin, Adderall, Modafinil & Armodafinil  00:47:00 Non-Prescribed Adderall, Caffeine, Nicotine 00:49:18 How Stimulants “Teach” the Brains of ADHD Children to Focus 00:52:00 When To Medicate: A Highly Informed (Anecdotal) Case Study 00:56:35 Elimination Diets & Allergies In ADHD 01:04:46 Omega-3 Fatty Acids: EPAs & DHAs  01:07:00 Modulation vs Mediation of Biological Processes 01:10:50 Attentional Blinks  01:16:56 Open Monitoring & 17minute Focus Enhancement  01:22:50 Blinking, Dopamine & Time Perception; & Focus Training  01:30:10 Reverberatory Neural & Physical Activity 01:33:40 Adderral, Ritalin & Blink Frequency 01:35:00 Cannabis  01:37:30 Interoceptive Awareness  01:41:15 Ritalin, Adderall, Modafinil, Armodafanil; Smart Drugs & Caffeine: Dangers 01:48:05 DHA Fatty Acids, Phosphatidylserine 0:1:50:54 Ginko Biloba  01:51:45 Modafinil & Armodafanil: Dopamine Action & Orexin 01:56:19 Acetylcholine: Circuits Underlying Focus; Alpha-GPC 01:59:04 L-Tyrosine, (PEA) Phenylethylamine  02:01:23 Racetams, Noopept  02:05:15 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Combining Technology & Pharmacology  02:09:14 Smart Phones & ADHD & Sub-Clinical Focus Issues In Adults & Kids 02:14:30 Synthesis/Summary 02:16:10 Support for Podcast & Research, Supplement Resources   Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should