Dances of Devotion: Bharatanatyam in Ancient India

By Oriental Publishing

This book explores the sacred origins of Bharatanatyam, unraveling the historical, cultural, and religious threads that have woven this classical dance into the spiritual fabric of India. Bharatanatyam, one of the oldest and most revered classical dance forms of India, has deep and sacred roots that trace back to the rich cultural and religious tapestry of ancient India. Emerging from the temples of South India, Bharatanatyam is not merely a dance; it is a spiritual and devotional art form that encompasses profound symbolism, intricate movements, and a connection to the divine.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Oriental Publishing
• Release date: Apr 4, 2024
• ISBN: 9798224660681

Book preview

Dances of Devotion: Bharatanatyam in Ancient India

Oriental Publishing

Published by Oriental Publishing, 2024.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

DANCES OF DEVOTION: BHARATANATYAM IN ANCIENT INDIA

First edition. April 4, 2024.

Copyright © 2024 Oriental Publishing.

Written by Oriental Publishing.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Temple Origins: The Sacred Beginnings of Bharatanatyam

Chapter 2: Natya Shastra: The Art and Science of Bharatanatyam

Chapter 3: The Devadasi Tradition: Dance in Service of the Divine

Chapter 4: Expressions of Bhakti: Bharatanatyam as a Devotional Art

Chapter 5: Revival and Evolution: Bharatanatyam in the Modern Era

Chapter 1: Temple Origins: The Sacred Beginnings of Bharatanatyam

Bharatanatyam, one of the oldest and most revered classical dance forms of India, has deep and sacred roots that trace back to the rich cultural and religious tapestry of ancient India. Emerging from the temples of South India, Bharatanatyam is not merely a dance; it is a spiritual and devotional art form that encompasses profound symbolism, intricate movements, and a connection to the divine. This exploration delves into the sacred origins of Bharatanatyam, unraveling the historical, cultural, and religious threads that have woven this classical dance into the spiritual fabric of India.

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1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT:

Bharatanatyam finds its roots in the ancient history of India, with evidence suggesting its existence over two thousand years ago. The earliest references to this dance form can be found in ancient Tamil literature, particularly in the Sangam literature, which dates back to the early centuries of the Common Era. The dance form's evolution can be traced through inscriptions, sculptures, and literary works, providing insights into its early practices.

2. Temple Traditions:

The sacred roots of Bharatanatyam are intricately tied to the temple traditions of ancient India. Temples served as not only religious centers but also as vibrant hubs of cultural and artistic expression. The art of dance was considered a divine offering to the deities, a way for devotees to express their devotion and surrender through bodily movements. Bharatanatyam, with its spiritual undertones, found a natural home in the temple precincts.

3. Connection to Devadasis:

In the temple environment, Bharatanatyam became closely associated with the Devadasis, women dedicated to serving the temple deities through dance and music. Devadasis were considered the earthly embodiments of divine grace and were trained from a young age in the intricate nuances of Bharatanatyam. Their performances were an integral part of temple rituals, festivals, and ceremonies.

4. Natya Shastra Influence:

Bharatanatyam draws inspiration from the ancient treatise on performing arts, the Natya Shastra, attributed to Sage Bharata. This foundational text, composed between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE, codified the principles of dance, music, and drama. Bharatanatyam's adherence to the Natya Shastra principles ensures its alignment with the spiritual and aesthetic ideals outlined in this ancient scripture.

5. Spiritual Significance:

Bharatanatyam is not just a form of entertainment or artistic expression; it is a deeply spiritual practice. The movements, expressions, and gestures in Bharatanatyam are imbued with symbolic significance, each element carrying a spiritual resonance. From the mudras (hand gestures) representing deities to the precise footwork symbolizing rhythmic cosmic order, every aspect of Bharatanatyam is infused with spiritual meaning.

6. Dance as Worship (Nritya Bhakti):

In the temple context, Bharatanatyam is considered a form