Beyond the Marrow

By William J. Lowry

"Beyond the Marrow: Understanding and Beating Acute Myeloid Leukemia" is a comprehensive and compassionate guide that delves into the intricate landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Written with both patients and their families in mind, this book offers a thorough exploration of AML, from its underlying biology and diagnosis to the latest advancements in treatment.

Readers will embark on a journey through the medical intricacies of AML, demystifying complex concepts and providing clarity on genetic mutations, risk factors, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic options. The book combines accessible explanations with the latest scientific knowledge, empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their care.

Interwoven with the science is the human side of the AML experience. Personal stories of resilience and triumph over AML serve as beacons of hope, illustrating that a diagnosis is not the end but the beginning of a fight that can be won.

"Beyond the Marrow" extends its reach beyond medical insights, addressing the emotional and practical aspects of the AML journey. From coping strategies and psychosocial support to practical advice on navigating treatment, this book is a holistic resource for those facing AML.

Informed by the latest research and international collaborations, "Beyond the Marrow" is a guide, companion, and source of inspiration for anyone touched by AML. It is a testament to the strength of the human spirit and the collective efforts to overcome the challenges posed by Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Noah J. Hicks
• Release date: Dec 22, 2023
• ISBN: 9798215219416

Book preview

Understanding What AML Is and How It Differs from Other Types of Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias are broadly categorized into four main types based on the type of blood cell affected and the speed of disease progression. These four types are acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here's an explanation of what AML is and how it differs from other types of leukemia:

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML):

Cell Type:

AML primarily affects myeloid cells, which include granulocytes, monocytes, and megakaryocytes. These cells are responsible for various functions in the immune system and blood clotting.

Development:

AML is characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow.

It leads to the accumulation of immature, non-functional cells, interfering with the production of normal blood cells.

Onset:

AML tends to progress quickly, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing to identify specific mutations and classify subtypes.

Subtypes:

AML is classified into subtypes based on the specific genetic and molecular characteristics of the leukemia cells.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL):

Cell Type:

ALL primarily affects lymphoid cells, including B-cells and T-cells, which are involved in the immune response.

Development:

ALL is characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal lymphoid precursor cells in the bone marrow.

Onset:

ALL often has a more rapid onset, especially in children.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing to identify specific markers and classify subtypes.

Subtypes:

ALL is classified into subtypes based on the specific characteristics of the leukemia cells, including immunophenotyping.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML):

Cell Type:

CML primarily affects myeloid cells, similar to AML.

Development:

CML is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.

Onset:

CML typically progresses more slowly than AML.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and the detection of the Philadelphia chromosome.

Chronic Phase and Accelerated Phase:

CML progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast phases, with the blast phase resembling acute leukemia.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL):

Cell Type:

CLL primarily affects mature B-cells, which are a type of lymphocyte.

Development:

CLL is characterized by the accumulation of mature but dysfunctional lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow.

Onset:

CLL often progresses slowly, and some patients may not require immediate treatment.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis involves blood tests, lymph node biopsy, and genetic testing to assess chromosomal abnormalities.

Subtypes:

CLL is classified into different subtypes based on genetic and molecular characteristics.

In summary, AML and other types of leukemia differ in the type of blood cells affected, the speed of disease progression, and specific genetic and molecular characteristics. Each type requires a distinct approach to diagnosis and treatment. The classification of leukemia is continually evolving as researchers uncover more about the underlying biology of these diseases.

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Overview of the normal function of bone marrow and blood cells

The bone marrow is a crucial component of the human body's hematopoietic system, responsible for the production of blood cells. It is a spongy tissue found within the cavities of bones, and its primary function is to generate a continuous supply of blood cells that play essential roles in various physiological processes. The normal function of bone marrow involves the production and release of three main types of blood cells: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs):

Function:

RBCs, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs throughout the body.

They also play a role in carrying carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.

Production:

Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

Erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys, stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels in the blood.

White Blood Cells (WBCs):

Function:

WBCs, also known as leukocytes, are a crucial part of the immune system.

They defend the body against infections, bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances by identifying and neutralizing them.

Types of White Blood Cells:

Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) are involved in the innate immune response.

Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) play a key role in adaptive immunity and the formation of antibodies.

Production:

Leukopoiesis is the process by which white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

Various growth factors and cytokines