CLEP® Introductory Sociology Book + Online
()
About this ebook
Everything you need to pass the exam and get the college credit you deserve.
REA leads the way in helping students pass their College Board CLEP exams and earn college credit while reducing their tuition costs.
With 25+ years of experience in test prep for the College-Level Examination Program (CLEP), REA is your trusted source for the most up-to-date test-aligned content. Whether you’re an adult returning to finish your degree, a traditional-age college student, a military service member, or a high school or home-schooled student looking to get a head start on college and shorten your path to graduation, CLEP is perfect for you.
REA’s expert authors know the CLEP tests inside out. And thanks to our partners at Proctortrack (proctortrack.com/clep), you can now take your exam at your convenience, from the comfort of home.
Prep for success on the CLEP Introductory Sociology exam with REA’s personalized three-step plan: (1) focus your study, (2) review with the book, and (3) measure your test-readiness.
Our Book + Online prep gives you all the tools you need to make the most of your study time:
- Diagnostic exam: Pinpoint what you already know and what you need to study.
- Targeted subject review: Learn what you’ll be tested on.
- Two full-length practice exams: Zero in on the topics that give you trouble now so you’ll be confident and prepared on test day.
- Glossary of key terms: Round out your prep with must-know vocabulary.
Related to CLEP® Introductory Sociology Book + Online
Related ebooks
CLEP® Principles of Management Book + Online Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCLEP® Introductory Psychology Book + Online Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5CLEP® Principles of Microeconomics Book + Online Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Master the DSST Ethics in America Exam Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCLEP® Humanities Book + Online Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCLEP® Biology Book + Online Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5CLEP® Western Civilization I Book + Online Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5CLEP® History of the U.S. I Book + Online Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMaster the DSST General Anthropology Exam Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCLEP® Financial Accounting Book + Online Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMaster the DSST Environmental Science Exam Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEffective Digital Learning: Transforming Traditional Learning Models to a Virtual World Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Correction Officer (Men): Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTest Development: Fundamentals for Certification and Evaluation Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPolice Officer Exam, Eleventh Edition Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMaster the Corrections Officer Exam Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCLEP® Western Civilization II Book + Online Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsExcel 365 Essentials Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Ultimate Scholarship Book 2017: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships, Grants and Prizes Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsVERBAL ANALOGIES: Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPatient Experience A Complete Guide - 2020 Edition Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsJuvenile Probation Officer: Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHow to learn faster Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMAP READING: Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPolice Officer Exam For Dummies Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsNATURAL SCIENCES: Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPre-Employment Counselor: Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEvolving Digital Leadership: How to Be a Digital Leader in Tomorrow’s Disruptive World Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsClerical Specialist I: Passbooks Study Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Social Science For You
All About Love: New Visions Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Art of Witty Banter: Be Clever, Quick, & Magnetic Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Dumbing Us Down - 25th Anniversary Edition: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Explain Everything About the World Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Denial of Death Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Come As You Are: Revised and Updated: The Surprising New Science That Will Transform Your Sex Life Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A People's History of the United States Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Fourth Turning Is Here: What the Seasons of History Tell Us about How and When This Crisis Will End Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Men Explain Things to Me Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5You're Not Listening: What You're Missing and Why It Matters Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Close Encounters with Addiction Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Just Mercy: a story of justice and redemption Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Verbal Judo, Second Edition: The Gentle Art of Persuasion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Human Condition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Like Switch: An Ex-FBI Agent's Guide to Influencing, Attracting, and Winning People Over Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5My Secret Garden: Women's Sexual Fantasies Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Song of the Cell: An Exploration of Medicine and the New Human Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Living Resistance: An Indigenous Vision for Seeking Wholeness Every Day Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for CLEP® Introductory Sociology Book + Online
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
CLEP® Introductory Sociology Book + Online - William Egelman
REA: THE LEADER IN CLEP TEST PREP
Thomas J. Sullivan, Ph.D.
Sociology Professor
Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI
Research & Education Association
Visit our website at: www.rea.com/studycenter
Research & Education Association
61 Ethel Road West
Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
E-mail: info@rea.com
CLEP Introductory Sociology with Online Practice Exams
Copyright © 2013 by Research & Education Association, Inc. Prior editions copyright © 2004, 2002, 2001, 1998, 1996 by Research & Education Association, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Control Number 2012948153
eISBN-13: 978-0-7386-8376-8
All trademarks cited in this publication are the property of their respective owners.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: Publication of this work is for the purpose of test preparation and related use and subjects as set forth herein. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither Research & Education Association, Inc., nor the authors and other contributors of this work guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connection with the information and opinions contained herein and in REA’s software and/ or online materials. REA and the authors and other contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use or reliance upon this work.
Cover image: Imagezoo/Getty Images
REA® is a registered trademark of
Research & Education Association, Inc.
CLEP* INTRODUCTORY
SOCIOLOGY
Access Your Online Exams
by following the instructions
found at the back of this book.
CONTENTS
About Research & Education Association
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1
Passing the CLEP Introductory Sociology Exam
Getting Started
The REA Study Center
An Overview of the Exam
All About the CLEP Program
Options for Military Personnel and Veterans
SSD Accommodations for Candidates with Disabilities
6-Week Study Plan
Test-Taking Tips
The Day of the Exam.
Online Diagnostic Test www.rea.com/studycenter
CHAPTER 2
Sociology Review
Introduction to Sociology
The Methods of Research
Socialization
Culture
Society
Social Interaction.
Groups and Organizations
Deviance
Family and Society
Economics and Society
Politics and Society
Religion and Society
Social Stratification
Collective Behavior
Practice Test 1 (also available online at www.rea.com/studycenter)
Answer Key
Detailed Explanations of Answers
Practice Test 2 (also available online at www.rea.com/studycenter)
Answer Key
Detailed Explanations of Answers
Glossary
Index
ABOUT RESEARCH & EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
Founded in 1959, Research & Education Association (REA) is dedicated to publishing the finest and most effective educational materials—including test preps and study guides—for students in middle school, high school, college, graduate school, and beyond.
Today, REA’s wide-ranging catalog is a leading resource for teachers, students, and professionals.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Pam Weston, Publisher, for setting the quality standards for production integrity and managing the publication to completion; John Paul Cording, Vice President, Technology, for coordinating the design and development of the REA Study Center; Larry B. Kling, Vice President, Editorial, for his supervision of revisions and overall direction; Diane Goldschmidt and Michael Reynolds, Managing Editors, for coordinating development of this edition; Transcend Creative Services for typesetting this edition; and Weymouth Design and Christine Saul, Senior Graphic Designer, for designing our cover.
CHAPTER 1
Passing the CLEP Introductory Sociology Exam
CHAPTER 1
PASSING THE CLEP INTRODUCTORY SOCIOLOGY EXAM
Congratulations! You’re joining the millions of people who have discovered the value and educational advantage offered by the College Board’s College-Level Examination Program, or CLEP. This test prep covers everything you need to know about the CLEP Introductory Sociology exam, and will help you earn the college credit you deserve while reducing your tuition costs.
GETTING STARTED
There are many different ways to prepare for a CLEP exam. What’s best for you depends on how much time you have to study and how comfortable you are with the subject matter. To score your highest, you need a system that can be customized to fit you: your schedule, your learning style, and your current level of knowledge.
This book, and the online tools in the CLEP package, allow you to create a personalized study plan through three simple steps: assessment of your knowledge, targeted review of exam content, and reinforcement in the areas where you need the most help.
Let’s get started and see how this system works.
THE REA STUDY CENTER
The best way to personalize your study plan and focus on your weaknesses is to get feedback on what you know and what you don’t know. At the online REA Study Center, you can access two types of assessment: a diagnostic exam and full-length practice exams. Each of these tools provides true-to-format questions and delivers a detailed score report that follows the topics set by the College Board.
Diagnostic Exam
Before you begin your review with the book, take the online diagnostic exam. Use your score report to help evaluate your overall understanding of the subject, so you can focus your study on the topics where you need the most review.
Full-Length Practice Exams
These practice tests give you the most complete picture of your strengths and weaknesses. After you’ve finished reviewing with the book, test what you’ve learned by taking the first of the two online practice exams. Review your score report, then go back and study any topics you missed. Take the second practice test to ensure you have mastered the material and are ready for test day.
If you’re studying and don’t have Internet access, you can take the printed tests in the book. These are the same practice tests offered at the REA Study Center, but without the added benefits of timed testing conditions and diagnostic score reports. Because the actual exam is computer-based, we recommend you take at least one practice test online to simulate test-day conditions.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE EXAM
The CLEP Introductory Sociology exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions, each with five possible answer choices, to be answered in 90 minutes.
The exam covers the material one would find in a college-level Introductory Sociology survey course. The exam stresses basic facts and principles, as well as general theoretical approaches used by sociologists.
The approximate breakdown of topics is as follows:
ALL ABOUT THE CLEP PROGRAM
What is the CLEP?
CLEP is the most widely accepted credit-by-examination program in North America. CLEP exams are available in 33 subjects and test the material commonly required in an introductory-level college course. Examinees can earn from three to twelve credits at more than 2,900 colleges and universities in the U.S. and Canada. For a complete list of the CLEP subject examinations offered, visit the College Board website: www.collegeboard.org.
Who takes CLEP exams?
CLEP exams are typically taken by people who have acquired knowledge outside the classroom and who wish to bypass certain college courses and earn college credit. The CLEP program is designed to reward examinees for learning—no matter where or how that knowledge was acquired.
Although most CLEP examinees are adults returning to college, many graduating high school seniors, enrolled college students, military personnel, veterans, and international students take CLEP exams to earn college credit or to demonstrate their ability to perform at the college level. There are no prerequisites, such as age or educational status, for taking CLEP examinations. However, because policies on granting credits vary among colleges, you should contact the particular institution from which you wish to receive CLEP credit.
Who administers the exam?
CLEP exams are developed by the College Board, administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS), and involve the assistance of educators from throughout the United States. The test development process is designed and implemented to ensure that the content and difficulty level of the test are appropriate.
When and where is the exam given?
CLEP exams are administered year-round at more than 1,200 test centers in the United States and can be arranged for candidates abroad on request. To find the test center nearest you and to register for the exam, contact the CLEP Program:
CLEP Services
P.O. Box 6600
Princeton, NJ 08541-6600
Phone: (800) 257-9558 (8 A.M. to 6 P.M. ET)
Fax: (609) 771-7088
Website: www.collegeboard.org
OPTIONS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL AND VETERANS
CLEP exams are available free of charge to eligible military personnel and eligible civilian employees. All the CLEP exams are available at test centers on college campuses and military bases. Contact your Educational Services Officer or Navy College Education Specialist for more information. Visit the DANTES or College Board websites for details about CLEP opportunities for military personnel.
Eligible U.S. veterans can claim reimbursement for CLEP exams and administration fees pursuant to provisions of the Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004. For details on eligibility and submitting a claim for reimbursement, visit the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs website at www. gibill.va. gov.
CLEP can be used in conjunction with the Post-9/11 GI Bill, which applies to veterans returning from the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters of operation. Because the GI Bill provides tuition for up to 36 months, earning college credits with CLEP exams expedites academic progress and degree completion within the funded timeframe.
SSD ACCOMMODATIONS FOR CANDIDATES WITH DISABILITIES
Many test candidates qualify for extra time to take the CLEP exams, but you must make these arrangements in advance. For information, contact:
College Board Services for Students with Disabilities
P.O. Box 6226
Princeton, NJ 08541-6226
Phone: (609) 771-7137 (Monday through Friday, 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. ET)
TTY: (609) 882-4118
Fax: (609) 771-7944
E-mail: ssd@info.collegeboard.org
6-WEEK STUDY PLAN
Although our study plan is designed to be used in the six weeks before your exam, it can be condensed to three weeks by combining each two-week period into one.
Be sure to set aside enough time—at least two hours each day—to study. The more time you spend studying, the more prepared and relaxed you will feel on the day of the exam.
TEST-TAKING TIPS
Know the format of the test. CLEP computer-based tests are fixed-length tests. This makes them similar to the paper-and-pencil type of exam because you have the flexibility to go back and review your work in each section.
Learn the test structure, the time allotted for each section of the test, and the directions for each section. By learning this, you will know what is expected of you on test day, and you’ll relieve your test anxiety.
Read all the questions—completely. Make sure you understand each question before looking for the right answer. Reread the question if it doesn’t make sense.
Annotate the questions. Highlighting the key words in the questions will help you find the right answer choice.
Read all of the answers to a question. Just because you think you found the correct response right away, do not assume that it’s the best answer. The last answer choice might be the correct answer.
Work quickly and steadily. You will have 90 minutes to answer 100 questions, so work quickly and steadily. Taking the timed practice tests online will help you learn how to budget your time.
Use the process of elimination. Stumped by a question? Don’t make a random guess. Eliminate as many of the answer choices as possible. By eliminating just two answer choices, you give yourself a better chance of getting the item correct, since there will only be three choices left from which to make your guess. Remember, your score is based only on the number of questions you answer correctly.
Don’t waste time! Don’t spend too much time on any one question. Remember, your time is limited and pacing yourself is very important. Work on the easier questions first. Skip the difficult questions and go back to them if you have the time.
Look for clues to answers in other questions. If you skip a question you don’t know the answer to, you might find a clue to the answer elsewhere on the test.
Acquaint yourself with the computer screen. Familiarize yourself with the CLEP computer screen beforehand by logging on to the College Board website. Waiting until test day to see what it looks like in the pretest tutorial risks injecting needless anxiety into your testing experience. Also, familiarizing yourself with the directions and format of the exam will save you valuable time on the day of the actual test.
Be sure that your answer registers before you go to the next item. Look at the screen to see that your mouse-click causes the pointer to darken the proper oval. If your answer doesn’t register, you won’t get credit for that question.
THE DAY OF THE EXAM
On test day, you should wake up early (after a good night’s rest, of course) and have breakfast. Dress comfortably, so you are not distracted by being too hot or too cold while taking the test. (Note that hoodies
are not allowed.) Arrive at the test center early. This will allow you to collect your thoughts and relax before the test, and it will also spare you the anxiety that comes with being late. As an added incentive, keep in mind that no one will be allowed into the test session after the test has begun.
Before you leave for the test center, make sure you have your admission form and another form of identification, which must contain a recent photograph, your name, and signature (i.e., driver’s license, student identification card, or current alien registration card). You will not be admitted to the test center if you do not have proper identification.
You may wear a watch to the test center. However, you may not wear one that makes noise, because it may disturb the other test-takers. No cell phones, dictionaries, textbooks, notebooks, briefcases, or packages will be permitted, and drinking, smoking, and eating are prohibited.
Good luck on the CLEP Introductory Sociology exam!
CHAPTER 2
Sociology Review
CHAPTER 2
SOCIOLOGY REVIEW
The following sociology review covers all the major topics found in an introductory level sociology course. The review is broken down as follows:
1: Introduction to Sociology
2: The Methods of Research
3: Socialization
4: Culture
5: Society
6: Social Interaction
7: Groups and Organizations
8: Deviance
9: Family and Society
10: Economics and Society
11: Politics and Society
12: Religion and Society
13: Social Stratification
By thoroughly studying this course review, you will be well-prepared for the material on the CLEP Introductory Sociology exam.
1. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
DEFINING SOCIOLOGY
Sociology is the science or discipline that studies societies, social groups, and the relationships between people. The field encompasses both the formation and transformation of particular societies and social groups, including their continuation, dissolution, and demise, as well as the origins, structure, and functioning of social groups.
THE UNIT OF STUDY
Sociologists focus on a number of different levels of analysis in understanding social life. While some study the social interaction that occurs within groups (the social processes represented by behavior directed toward, affected by, or inspired by others in the group), other sociologists study the social structure of group life. Some are interested in the structure of societies. That is, the organization of populations living in the same area who