The Highway Code: The Rules of the Road (UK)
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About this ebook
• new laws for death by dangerous driving incidents
• use of mobile phones when driving
• rules about pedestrians at junctions
• information about self-driving cars
We are licensed by the DVSA to reproduce the Highway Code so our copy holds exactly the same information as the official book. The advantage of this version however is that updates go into the book as soon as we hear about them. So you won't find a more up to date copy!
• Buy the most up to date copy you can get your hands on.
• Stay up to date with the latest rules.
This Highway Code applies to England, Scotland and Wales and is essential reading for everyone who uses the road.
Wording of The Highway Code
Many of the rules in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey these rules you are committing a criminal offence. You could also receive a fine, in addition to recieving penalty points on your licence, or even end up with a driving disqualification. In the most serious cases however, you may be sent to prison.
However, failure to comply with the other rules of the Code will not, in itself, mean a prosecution, The Highway Code may however be used in evidence in any court proceedings under the Traffic Acts to establish liability.
Knowing and Applying the Rules
Knowing and applying the rules contained in The Highway Code could significantly reduce road casualties. But cutting the number of deaths and injuries that occur on our roads every day is a responsibility we all share. The Highway Code can help us discharge that responsibility but only if we follow its rules.
© UK Driving Skills – All Rights Reserved
www.ukdrivingskills.co.uk
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Book preview
The Highway Code - UK Driving Skills
ALSO FROM UK DRIVING SKILLS
LEARNING TO DRIVE
Teaching a Learner Driver –
A Guide for Amateur Instructors
Learning to Drive –
The Learner Driver’s Manual
Teach Yourself Traffic Signs
& Road Markings
The Learner Driver’s Logbook –
Lesson Plan & Progress Record
The Driving Test & How to Pass –
An Examiner’s Guide to the ‘L’ Test
250 THEORY TEST QUESTIONS:
Cars - Motorcycles - LGV - PCV - ADI
HIGHWAY CODE & THEORY TEST QUESTIONS:
Cars - Motorcycles - LGV - PCV - ADI
The Highway Code
How to Drive on a Motorway
Driving at Night & in Bad Weather
All available from www.ukdrivingskills.co.uk
The Highway Code
UK Driving Skills
Highway Code & Theory Test Series
Don L. Gates
www.ukdrivingskills.co.uk
Revised: 04/12/23
Cover Photo by: Belinda Fewings
The Highway Code
The Highway Code is © Crown Copyright 2022 & published under the terms of the Open Government Licence 3.0
The Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) has given permission for the reproduction of Crown copyright material. DVSA does not accept responsibility for the accuracy of the reproduction.
ISBN: 9781447662471
Contents
Introduction
Hierarchy of Road Users
Rule H1
Rule H2
Rule H3
Rules for pedestrians
Crossing the road
Crossings
Situations needing extra care
Rules for users of powered wheelchairs and scooters
On pavements
On the road
Rules about animals
Horse-drawn vehicles
Horse riders
Riding
Other animals
Rules for cyclists
Overview
Road junctions
Roundabouts
Crossing the road
Rules for motorcyclists
Rules for drivers and motorcyclists
Vehicle condition
Fitness to drive
Alcohol and drugs
Before setting off
Vehicle towing and loading
Seat belts and child restraints
General rules and advice for all drivers and riders
Signals
Other stopping procedures
Lighting requirements
Control of the vehicle
Braking
Speed limits
Lines and lane markings on the road
Multi-lane carriageways
Lane discipline
Single carriageway
Dual carriageways
General advice
Mobile phones and in-vehicle technology
Driving in built-up areas
Country roads
Vehicles prohibited from using roads and pavements
Using the road
General rules
Overtaking
Road junctions
Junctions controlled by traffic lights
Turning right
Turning left
Roundabouts
Pedestrian crossings
Signal-controlled crossings
Reversing
Road users requiring extra care
Overview
Pedestrians
Motorcyclists and cyclists
Other road users
Other vehicles
Driving in adverse weather conditions
Overview
Wet weather
Icy and snowy weather
Windy weather
Fog
Hot weather
Waiting and parking
General
Parking
Parking at night
Decriminalised Parking Enforcement (DPE)
Motorways
General
Motorway signals
Joining the motorway
On the motorway
Lane discipline
Overtaking
Stopping
Leaving the motorway
Breakdowns and incidents
Place of relative safety
Breakdowns
Additional rules for motorways
Go left
Get safe
Get help
Obstructions
Incidents
Incidents involving dangerous goods
Documentation
Road works, level crossings and tramways
Road works
Additional rules for high-speed roads
Level crossings
Tramways
Annex A. You and your bicycle
Annex B. Motorcycle licence requirements
Annex C. Vehicle documentation and learner drivers
Documents
Learner drivers
Annex D. The road user and the law
Road traffic law
Acts and regulations prior to 1988
Acts and regulations from 1988 onwards
Annex E. Penalties
Penalties and The Highway Code
Penalty points and disqualification
Penalty table
New drivers
Other consequences of offending
Annex F. Vehicle maintenance, safety and security
Vehicle maintenance
Vehicle security
Annex G. First aid on the road
Burns
Be prepared
Annex H. Safety code for new drivers
The safety code
New Drivers Act
Further training
Other information
Metric conversions
Useful websites
The Blue Badge Scheme
Code of Practice for Horse-Drawn Vehicles
Special types of vehicles
Towing
Index
Introduction
This Highway Code applies to England, Scotland and Wales. The Highway Code is essential reading for everyone.
The aim of The Highway Code is to promote safety on the road, whilst also supporting a healthy, sustainable and efficient transport system.
Wording of The Highway Code
Many of the rules in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey these rules you are committing a criminal offence. You may be fined, given penalty points on your licence or be disqualified from driving. In the most serious cases you may be sent to prison. Such rules are identified by the use of the words ‘MUST/MUST NOT’. In addition, the rule includes an abbreviated reference to the legislation which creates the offence. See an explanation of the abbreviations.
Although failure to comply with the other rules of the Code will not, in itself, cause a person to be prosecuted, The Highway Code may be used in evidence in any court proceedings under the Traffic Acts (see The road user and the law) to establish liability. This includes rules which use advisory wording such as ‘should/should not’ or ‘do/do not’.
Knowing and Applying the Rules
Knowing and applying the rules contained in The Highway Code could significantly reduce road casualties. Cutting the number of deaths and injuries that occur on our roads every day is a responsibility we all share. The Highway Code can help us discharge that responsibility.
Self-driving Vehicles
By ‘self-driving vehicles’, we mean those listed as automated vehicles by the Secretary of State for Transport under the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018.
To check if your vehicle is self-driving, visit Self-driving vehicles listed for use in Great Britain.
These vehicles are capable of safely driving themselves when the self-driving function is correctly turned on and the driver follows the manufacturer’s instructions. While the vehicle is driving itself, you do not need to monitor it.
Self-driving vehicles differ from vehicles that are fitted only with assisted driving features (like cruise control and lane-keeping assistance). Assisted driving features can do some of the driving, but the driver still needs to be responsible for driving at all times. If you are driving a vehicle using only its assisted driving features, Rule 150 applies.
A self-driving vehicle’s ability to drive itself may be limited to certain situations or parts of a journey. Things like the type of road, time of day, weather, location and speed may affect this. You should follow the manufacturer’s instructions about when and how to use the self-driving function safely.
While a self-driving vehicle is driving itself in a valid situation, you are not responsible for how it drives. You may turn your attention away from the road and you may also view content through the vehicle’s built-in infotainment apparatus, if available.
But you MUST still follow all relevant laws : -
You MUST be fit to drive (for example, you must be within the drink-drive legal limits and not be under the influence of drugs). See Rules 90 to 96.
The vehicle MUST be road legal (for example, it must have an MOT certificate, if applicable, and it must be taxed and insured). The vehicle must be roadworthy (see Rules 89 & 97; and Annexes C and F). You will also still be responsible for your passengers and anything else you are carrying (see Rules 98 to 102).
You MUST NOT do anything illegal – like using a handheld mobile phone, or similar hand-held device. There are exceptions to this, which are set out in Rule 149.
If a self-driving vehicle needs to hand control back to the driver, it will give you enough warning to do this safely. You MUST always be able and ready to take control, and do it when the vehicle prompts you. For example, you should stay in the driving seat and stay awake. When you have taken back control or turned off the self-driving function, you are responsible for all aspects of driving.
Laws RTA sects 2, 3, 4, 5, 5A, 14 & 15, AEVA section 1 & CUR regs 100, 104, 109 (as modified by the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) (Automated Vehicles) Order 2022) & 110 as amended by CUR(A)(No.2 Regulations 2022)
Hierarchy of Road Users
The ‘Hierarchy of Road Users’ is a concept that places those road users most at risk in the event of a collision at the top of the hierarchy. The hierarchy does not remove the need for everyone to behave responsibly. The road users most likely to be injured in the event of a collision are pedestrians, cyclists, horse riders and motorcyclists, with children, older adults and disabled people being more at risk. The following H rules clarify this concept.
Rule H1
It is important that ALL road users are aware of The Highway Code, are considerate to other road users and understand their responsibility for the safety of others.
Everyone suffers when road collisions occur, whether they are physically injured or not. But those in charge of vehicles that can cause the greatest harm in the event of a collision bear the greatest responsibility to take care and reduce the danger they pose to others. This principle applies most strongly to drivers of large goods and passenger vehicles, vans/minibuses, cars/taxis and motorcycles.
Cyclists, horse riders and drivers of horse drawn vehicles likewise have a responsibility to reduce danger to pedestrians.
None of this detracts from the responsibility of ALL road users, including pedestrians, cyclists and horse riders, to have regard for their own and other road users’ safety.
Always remember that the people you encounter may have impaired sight, hearing or mobility and that this may not be obvious.
Rule H2
Rule for drivers, motorcyclists, horse drawn vehicles, horse riders and cyclists
At a junction you should give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road into which or from which you are turning.
You MUST give way to pedestrians on a zebra crossing, and to pedestrians and cyclists on a parallel crossing (see Rule 195).
Pedestrians have priority when on a zebra crossing, on a parallel crossing or at light controlled crossings when they have a green signal.
You should give way to pedestrians waiting to cross a zebra crossing, and to pedestrians and cyclists waiting to cross a parallel crossing.
Horse riders should also give way to pedestrians on a zebra crossing, and to pedestrians and cyclists on a parallel crossing.
Cyclists should give way to pedestrians on shared use cycle tracks and to horse riders on bridleways.
Only pedestrians may use the pavement. Pedestrians include wheelchair and mobility scooter users.
Pedestrians may use any part of the road and use cycle tracks as well as the pavement, unless there are signs prohibiting pedestrians.
h2.jpgRule H2: Wait for the pedestrian to cross the junction before turning. This applies if you are turning right or left into the junction.
Laws TSRGD Schedule 14 part 1 and part 5 & HA 1835 sect 72, R(S)A 1984, sect 129 & Countryside Act 1968 Sect 1 part 30
Rule H3
Rule for drivers and motorcyclists
You should not cut across cyclists, horse riders or horse drawn vehicles going ahead when you are turning into or out of a junction or changing direction or lane, just as you would not turn across the path of another motor vehicle. This applies whether they are using a cycle lane, a cycle track, or riding ahead on the road and you should give way to them.
Do not turn at a junction if to do so would cause the cyclist, horse rider or horse drawn vehicle going straight ahead to stop or swerve.
You should stop and wait for a safe gap in the flow of cyclists if necessary. This includes when cyclists are
approaching, passing or moving off from a junction
moving past or waiting alongside stationary or slow-moving traffic
travelling around a roundabout
Rule H3: Wait for the cyclist to pass the junction before turning. This also applies if there is a cycle lane or cycle track and if you are turning right or left into the junction.Rule H3: Wait for the cyclist to pass the junction before turning. This also applies if there is a cycle lane or cycle track and if you are turning right or left into the junction.
Rules for pedestrians
Rule 1
Pavements and footways (including any path along the side of a road) should be used if provided. Where possible, avoid being next to the kerb with your back to the traffic. If you have to step into the road, look both ways first. Always remain aware