To study the effect of rural and urban backgrounds on teachers' self-efficacy and personality factors

By Lal

The Term "Psychological well-being" is referred as constructs among clinicians and men psychologists and psychological well-being professionalstal wellbeing experts. It basically means how a person evaluates his or her life. According to studies of Diener (1997), these evaluations may be as bits of knowledge or as impacts. The psychological part

• Language: English
• Publisher: hrithik
• Release date: Jan 23, 2023
• ISBN: 9781805240037

Book preview

"IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF TEACHER’S

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON STUDENT’S

PERFORMANCE WITH REFERENCE TO

SECONDARY EDUCATION"

Arati Vijay Suryawanshi

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER- 02

LITERATURE REVIEWS

CHAPTER- 03

COMPANY PROFILE

CHAPTER- 04

METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER- 05

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER- 06

FINDINGS

CHAPTER- 07

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

III

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

One of the most required and necessary pillars for the society are teachers. Since the beginning of the ancient history till this modern time, they have played the most important role in developing, structuring, shaping, growing and constructing the society. All the students are in debt of their respective teachers. A teacher teaches most of the things to its student and is also the main source of their knowledge, education, behaviour learning or development of their personality. A teacher should have the capability to handle a large number of students at a time. all the teachers are multi-tasking as well as multi talanted. They also enhance the students’ performance and make them capable of handling their life in a better way. This sometime even deprive them of taking care of themselves and even their family. Teachers are also unable to think about their own pshycologial as well as emotional well being of them and their families. They don’t get to learn or even know about emotional intelligence and its benefits. Teachers don’t even get any chances where they can exhibit their skills realted to emotional intelligence (EI). Since teaching is the most impactfull job in the world, therefore teachers must learn and use their skills of EI at the time of teaching.

Mostly, the maximum time of a student is spent with teachers. There are many times it is observed that student very descriptively observe their teachers and follow them continuously especially their ways of speaking, teaching and even the way the teachers exhibit their emotions when they are in some trouble or special situations. The way the teachers handle the students especially the notorious one highly and impact fully gets imprinted on the minds of the students.

This is also termed as role model effect. There are many methods through which a teacher can affect the students’ lives. The main roles of the teachers are to help their students in their learning through feeding them with knowledge and also through setting up a scenario that will enhance their students effectively learn their lessons. But, unfortunately, many of the times, teachers make some roles set with full of complexity that might change or differ from one level of education to other or from one society to other. Few of these roles set are accomplished in communities and few in schools. But before moving forward toward the study, it is important to know the basics of the education system with its importance.

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1.1 Education System

Basic of requirement of any society is a proper education for the attaining this goal, a society needs an education system. When a student enters an educational institution, that student is raw and the orientation with which it will view and approach the society is shaped. The educational institutions also help them to overcome the restraints which occur because of social structure, poverty and inequality. The teachers teaching in the secondary schools are generally specialized in 1 or 2 subjects to all the students.

During the time of ancient India, there was Gurukul system for educating the students. In this system, a student who is keen to learn use to go to the Guru and request to take as a disciple, if the Guru accepts his request then the student will live with Guru and learn and will even help the guru will all his works even with the households. With this, a strong relation creates between the guru and the student (similar to father and son) and with other learning, student will also learn the ways to run a house. The guru would impart all his knowledge to the student, from Holy Scriptures to Sanskrit, metaphysics to math. The time of the stay of the student is totally dependent upon 2 things: either the student wants to leave or the guru thinks that all his knowledge is imparted to the learner.

In the years of 1830s, Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay introduced the modern education system in India. it was then when English language was included in the course of the students. The new curriculum was limited only to the modern subjects like math and science and philosophy and metaphysics were not given any value. The new system limited the teaching within a classroom and further broken the precious bond between the student and the teacher.

When India got independence, its first dream was to provide education to all the students aged between 6years to 14 years. This can be proved from the article 45 which is directive policy of the constitution of India. Although it took a long time to apply this on ground level on full scale but in last few years GOI has taken serious initiatives and made the education a basic right for all the citizens of India. The other reason because of which the GOI might have taken these initiatives is the lack of skilled manpower that is very much needed for the economic growth of the country. Recently GOI have also increased the budget for the education system to attain its target.

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There are 4 levels incorporated in the schooling system of India: from age 6 to age 10, students are in lower primary, from age11 to age 12 they are in upper primary, from age 13 to age 15 they are high school and from age 17 to age 18 they are in higher secondary. The divisions of these levels are also made: 5 standards for lower primary, 2 for upper primary, 3

for high school and 2 for higher secondary. The syllabus till the high school is very vast for the students. Till the high school, no specialization is possible but there is some possibility of specializations when the students are in higher secondary. There are 3 languages which students have to learn: Hindi, English and their respective mother tongue. Sports are also an important segment which is incorporated in the Indian education system.

Undoubtedly, teaching is the most significant action which is mandatory for any nation for improving and strengthening the backbone of the nation. For this, a qualified teacher is must for teaching the students. For improving the learning capability of the learners as well as for increasing the effectiveness of the school, a broad range of highly qualified and quality teachers are required. This is very much dependent upon the criteria that are set by the school for recruiting, selecting and training for quality teachers.

Figure 0.1 (Diagram describing the work of the teachers)

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Through continuous and constant process integrated to evaluate the teachers throughout their professional as well as educational careers, the ability of teaching can sharpened and shaped.

The evaluating schemes of the teachers are driven because of the public accountability’s demands. However, these schemes can hike the levels of anxiety, stress, mistrust and fear within the teachers and will affect their creativity, flexibility with limiting their growth.

These schemes have also made teachers to scramble so that to fulfill the evaluation demands which many a times cost them with the quality of the teaching.

Similar to the parents who has the ability to create a bond between them and the children, teachers also effectively created a high level of attachment with the students. Teachers also become a role model for the students and they starts imitating the regular habits of their teachers many a times without knowing. When a teacher is sensitive and responds the students on the basis of emotions then this can become a bigger problem for both the students as well as teachers. This can bring the students to a very worse state of emotional misbalance and this can further be very problematic. Instead, teachers should follow the role of a parent and handle the students equipped with EI. This will help the teachers in shaping their student very effectively. The most important weapon of a teacher is verbal communication which can develop or destroy the life of a student; therefore a teacher must use it with full care and knowledge.

1.2 Teachers’ emotional paradigm

As a significant aspect for the profession of teaching, the dimensions of emotions are gaining an important recognition. Within the lives of teachers, one of the most integral parts is emotions. This enables them in bonding with the students and build a relationship which last long enough within which the teacher imparts the knowledge to their students. Various researches have been conducted for studying the effectiveness of quality teaching style and many of those researches suggests that emotions of the teachers are of great value and cannot be neglected if quality teaching is needed. There have been many debates over the fundamental nature of teacher’s emotions. The sudden outrage or sudden leniency, both can grade down the quality of the teaching. When a teacher is teaching in the class, it is important to balance the emotions in according to the emotions of the students. Teaching is very complicated profession and demands a high level of emotional balance. Without an emotional balance, a teacher won’t be able to create a bond with the students and hence failing the aspects of the quality teaching. There are many specific emotions like excitation, joy, anxiety, 4

stress, etc. which must be kept under control if the person is in the teaching profession. A student behaves accordingly and soon follows the behaviour of expression of emotions from the teacher. These aspects must be accounted by the teachers when teaching the class. Even the basic need of the class which is imparting knowledge and learning skills cannot be fulfilled if the emotional paradigm of the teacher does not matches the emotional paradigm of the student. Emotion is defined as a method that comprises of action tendencies, emotional expression, physiological change, subjective experience and appraisal.

1.3 Effects of teacher’s behavior over the students The level of learning of a student defines the teaching ability of a teacher. Mostly, the teachers who follow the method of effective teaching are capable of adjusting their style of teaching in accordance of the learner since there are extended repertoire for strategies and approaching like skill as well as experience based learning, cooperative learning, interactive teaching strategies, modeling and direct teaching style.

Higher level thinking, task oriented behavior, eagerness and clarity of the teacher are the other important variables founded by Darling and Hammond. As per the report provided by the National Commission on teaching and America’s future the standards and assessments, it is stated that there must be a proper understanding within a teacher who is highly effective of the way through which a student can made to learn and advance skills. Also a teacher must be equipped with effectiveness and sensitivity when teaching a student having a different background. A teacher must also be able to assess the capability of the student and teach them in accordance of their capacities.

Thus, it is evident that the practices and behavior of teaching can ease the ability of learning of students. Researchers have moved forward on this basis and have conducted many researches for evaluating the capability and effectiveness of a teacher’s teaching style over the students. Many researches exhibit through their results that coursework of the education system has a very positive impact over the achievements of the students.

It is seen that the teachers teaching the upper elementary classes have functional effect over the students’ attitudes and additionally increases their educational performance. Usually schools uses different policies and methods for evaluating the quality of the teaching style but basically ends up with looking up at the marks of the students. But there are so many other 5

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aspects through which this evaluation process can be successfully attained such as evaluating the behavioral development, personality development, learning enthusiasm, etc. of the students. The behaviour of a subject teacher will also affect the student in learning other subjects. Teachers must make students open to express their feeling so that they can feel comfortable and teachers will be able to sort those issues. Students generally starts running away from the teachers with whom they don’t have good experience which sometimes happen because of fear and sometime because of rage and aggression. The biggest problem is when school doesn’t care about the emotional teaching of the teachers and only consider the scores of the students as the result of the effectiveness of the teachers. Apart from this, teachers can’t make everything possible on their own and even students, schools and parents need to support.

Figure 0.2 (Diagram exhibiting the features of a teacher)

There are various theories which evaluate learning and teaching and have highlighted importance of teachers since a long time for supporting the growth of the students in those areas which are outside the basic academic skills. In the year 2009, Hamre and Pianta provided a concept of quality teaching through which they described a combination of organizational method and emotional support which are of equal importance to the students.

They also added to the concept that through providing safe, consistent and predictable environment along with emotional support, students can become risk takers, a great learner and highly self- reliant. In addition, through designing strong and effective management and organizational structure, it will be possible for teachers to enable the ability of the students for self-regulating. The significance of the behaviour of the teachers can also be emphasized 6

by teaching content specific views which can help in developing the behaviours and attitudes of the students in various apart from the ability of scoring in the tests.

In the past few years, advancement and utilization of observational instruments through which the instruction quality of the teachers can be captured has given an opportunity for examining these theories. One specific instrument which is prepared around the behaviour pattern of the teacher, Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) knotted the basic development process. Through this method, the developers have presented the dimensions of the relationship among the teachers and the students.

Past few years have been years of achievement if advancements made in the field of cooperative learning is considered. In addition, lots of progresses have been attained in the development of the strategies which had proved to be very helpful for students helping them to complete their work with effectiveness. The aim of enabling the student to work together has been achieved to some extent.

Teachers lagging in emotional attachments with their students and keeps punishing them instead of being with them and support them are evident of teachers who lack basic teaching skills.

These behaviors exhibit their incapability of managing emotions and lagging in teaching skills. Apart from this, one more reason for this reaction is that students are also not taught about emotional intelligence and therefore when they become teachers they also miss the basics of managing the emotions.

Many of the times, when teachers lack in EI, it sums up the anxiety level in them since they need to face new challenges for example: parents who did not attended the PTM, students facing issues at their home, over demanding parents, etc.

Bullying is a very serious issue in schools and does not seems to end. Solutions for these issues can’t be taught. These issues can be handled with positive attitudes and handling the emotions on both sided.

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When a teacher steps in to manage the emotions of a group of problematic students, it is important for the teacher to manage own emotions first. When teachers enter the class, they have their own worries and emotions and do not turns into machine.

Many students leave the schools because of a bad relation with the teachers. They were either scared or have lost their interest for some reasons with the teachers. This leads in their mental or educational fall and sometimes both. Teachers really need to encourage the students so that the students can see the teachers with respect and not with fear and aggression. This is evident for the importance of EI for the teachers.

1.3.1 Impact of teacher’s misbehaviour:

Teachers are basic essentiality for pushing the perception of students towards learning. Many of the researchers focus to identify the interaction among the students and the teachers which influence their relation’s quality. Few of these qualities are low differential treatment, responsiveness, assertiveness, teacher’s power and immediacy, teaching tact, warm attitude and positive affection. If a teacher lack even in a single quality among those which are mentioned above, it can impact negatively. If a teacher misbehaves with the student, student gets negatively influenced and might result in the same way. Fundamentally, these types of negative effects are categorized in 3 parts: somatic, psychological and educational outcome.

Figure 0.

3 (Diagram exhibiting the impact of teachers’ stress over students)

Source: [1]

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1.3.1.1 Educational outcomes

When a teacher misbehaves with a student, it becomes a factor that demotivates the students and they step back from their goal. This highly impacts their performances both in education and personal life. This might lead to a life-long psychological disorder. It also reduces the enthusiasm within the students towards leaning. Additionally, those teachers who discriminate among the students badly affect the teaching environment.

1.3.1.2 Psychosomatic outcomes

Emotional maltreatment can be stated as a motivational or disciplinary practice that hurts the students psychologically. Emotional maltreatment comprises of methods implied on the basis intimidation or fear, sarcasm, excessive authority, rejection and humiliation. A student can get very much affected by such behaviours and can create a bunch of symptoms like impulsive behaviour, anxiety, intimidation, withdrawal, shyness, behaviour extremes, habit disorder, neurotic traits, etc. These symptoms might go away when the situation is gone or can leave an impact over the student for life-long. Mostly teacher think that forcing students to learn might make them habituate of studying but it mostly back fires and students start seeking for different ideas to hide and make excuses. It slowly integrates a habit within the student to run away from those things also which the student could have done very easily if provided with little motivation and guidance.

1.3.1.3 Somatic outcomes

Many somatic complaints are there which describes the teachers’ lack of support towards students. It is also noticed that the anxiety of few students are because of the improper behaviour of the teachers towards them leading them to physiological manifestations.

1.4 Teachers’ obligation towards students

A PTM is arranged several times in year for discussing the improvement or downfall of the students’ academic, personal and other performance in the school. For this, teachers need to know students on personal level and discuss the issues with possible positive solutions. Even the discussion of the problems must not be too negative but should seem like concern. They should also explain the parents about the reason which might be the cause of their downfall and appreciate the students for their good. The work of teachers does not end with just