Eutropius

By Active 4th century Eutropius

The Summary of Roman History was one of the most essential books on this topic. It covered the period from the foundations of Rome to the reign of Jovian. The book is written simply and understandably and an impartial tone. The incredible attention to detail and sources makes it a great source of information for anyone interested in the history of Rome.

• Language: English
• Publisher: DigiCat
• Release date: May 29, 2022
• ISBN: 8596547024231

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Active 4th century Eutropius

Eutropius

EAN 8596547024231

DigiCat, 2022

Contact: [e-mail]

Table of Contents

PREFACE

EUTROPĪ BREVIĀRIĪ AB URBE CONDITĀ

LIBER PRĪMUS

Rome Founded, 753 B.C. Romulus, 753-716 B.C.

Numa Pompilius, 715-672 B.C.

Tullus Hostilius, 672-640 B.C.

Ancus Marcius, 640-616 B.C.

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, 616-578 B.C.

Servius Tullius, 578-534 B.C.

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, 534-510 B.C.

Establishment of the Republic. Election of Consuls, 509 B.C.

War with Tarquinius.

War with Porsenna, 508 B.C.

Institution of the Dictatorship, 501 B.C.

Secession of the Plebeians. Establishment of the Tribunate, 494 B.C.

War with the Volsci, 493 B.C.

Coriolanus, 491 B.C.

Slaughter of the Fabii, 477 B.C.

Dictatorship of Cincinnatus, 458 B.C.

Decemvirs appointed, 451 B.C. Laws of XII Tables promulgated, 450 B.C. Death of Virginia; Decemvirs deposed, 449 B.C.

Revolt of the Fidenates, 438 B.C.

War with Vei, 396 B.C.

Rome Captured by the Gauls, 390 B.C.

LIBER SECUNDUS

Military Tribunes with Consular Power Elected, 444 B.C.

Death of Camillus, 365 B.C.

Invasion of the Gauls; Torquatus, 361 B.C.

First Samnite War, 343-341 B.C.

Latin War, 340-338 B.C.

Second Samnite War, 326-304 B.C.

Romans defeated at Caudine Forks, 321 B.C.

War with the Gauls and Etruscans, 283 B.C.

War with Tarentum and Pyrrhus, 281-272 B.C. Battle of Heraclea, 280 B.C.

Embassy of Cineas.

Fabricius; Battle of Beneventum, 275 B.C.

First Punic War, 264-241 B.C. ; Romans victorious in Sicily, 264 B.C.

Battle of Mylae, 260 B.C.

Invasion of Africa by the Romans, 256 B.C.

Romans shipwrecked near Sicily.

Battle of Panormus, 250 B.C.

Regulus sent to Rome to solicit Peace, 250 B.C.

Publius Claudius defeated near Drepana, 249 B.C.

Battle of Lilybaeum, 242 B.C. Battle of the Aegates Islands and End of the War, 241 B.C.

LIBER TERTIUS

Sardinia taken by the Romans, 238 B.C.

War with the Illyrians, 229 B.C.

Invasion of the Gauls, 225 B.C.

Second Punic War begun, 218 B.C.

Hannibal crosses the Alps.

Battle of the Trebia, 218 B.C. Battle of Trasumenus, 217 B.C.

Battle of Cannae, 216 B.C.

War in Spain, 218 B.C.

Battle near Nola, 215 B.C.

Campaign in Sicily, 214-210 B.C.

War in Spain, 210-206 B.C.

Recapture of Tarentum, 209 B.C.

Battle of Metaurus, 207 B.C.

Scipio crosses into Africa, 204 B.C.

Efforts for Peace.

Battle of Zama, 202 B.C. End of the Second Punic War, 201 B.C.

LIBER QUĀRTUS

Second Macedonian War, 200-196 B.C.

Syro-Aetolian War, 192-189 B.C.

Third Macedonian War, 176-168 B.C.

Battle of Pydna, 168 B.C.

Revolt in Epirus.

Third Punic War, 149-146 B.C.

Destruction of Corinth, 146 B.C.

Celtiberian War, 154 B.C.

Capture of Numantia, 133 B.C.

War with Aristonicus, 131 B.C.

War with Transalpine Gauls, 125-121 B.C.

War with Jugurtha, 111-104 B.C.

LIBER QUINTUS

War with the Cimbri and Teutones, 105-101 B.C. Battle of Aquae Sextiae, 102 B.C.

Battle of Vercellae, 101 B.C.

Social War, 90-88 B.C.

First Mithradatic War, 88-84 B.C.

Mithradates invades Asia.

Sulla takes Athens, 87 B.C. Battle of Chaeronea, 86 B.C.

Terms of Peace, 84 B.C. Sulla’s Return to Italy, 83 B.C.

Battle of Colline Gate, 82 B.C.

LIBER SEXTUS

War with Sertorius, 78-72 B.C.

War with the Isaurians, 78 B.C.

The Third Mithradatic War, 74-63 B.C.

War with the Gladiators, 73-71 B.C.

Battle of Tigranocerta, 69 B.C.

Cn. Pompey takes command, 66 B.C.

Pompey subdues Syria and Palestine, 64 B.C.

Cicero Consul. Conspiracy of Catiline, 63 B.C.

Triumphs of Metellus and Pompey, 62 B.C.

Caesar Consul, 59 B.C. Governor of Gaul, 58-49 B.C.

Battle of Carrae; M. Licinius Crassus slain, 53 B.C.

The Civil War between Caesar and Pompey, 49-45 B.C. Caesar invades Italy, Pompey flees to Greece, 49 B.C.

Caesar crosses to Spain.

Battle of Pharsalus. Pompey is defeated, flees to Egypt, and is slain, 48 B.C.

Caesar defeats Ptolemy.

Battle of Thapsus, 46 B.C.

Battle of Munda, 45 B.C.

Caesar Monarch, 45 B.C. Caesar Assassinated, 44 B.C.

LIBER SEPTIMUS

Civil War with Hirtius and Pansa, 44-43 B.C.

The Second Triumvirate, 43 B.C.

The Battle of Philippi, 42 B.C.

War with Sextus Pompey.

Civil War between Augustus and Antonius. The Battle of Actium, 31 B.C.

Imperial Government Established, 31 B.C.

Extension of the Empire.

Death of Augustus, 14 A.D.

Tiberius Emperor, 14-37 A.D.

Caligula Emperor, 37-41 A.D.

Claudius Emperor, 41-54 A.D.

Nero Emperor, 54-68 A.D.

Galba Emperor, 68-69 A.D.

Otho Emperor, 69 A.D.

Vitellius Emperor, 69 A.D.

Vespasian Emperor, 69-79 A.D.

Titus Emperor, 79-81 A.D.

Domitian Emperor, 81-96 A.D.

LIBER OCTĀVUS

Nerva Emperor, 96-98 A.D.

Trajan Emperor, 98-117 A.D.

Hadrian Emperor, 117-138 A.D.

Antoninus Pius Emperor, 138-161 A.D.

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Emperors, 161-169 A.D.

Marcus Aurelius reigns alone, 169-180 A.D.

Commodus Emperor, 180-193 A.D.

Pertinax Emperor, 193 A.D.

Septimius Severus Emperor, 193-211 A.D.

Caracalla Emperor, 211-217 A.D.

Macrinus Emperor, 218 A.D.

Heliogabalus Emperor, 218-221 A.D.

Alexander Severus Emperor, 221-235 A.D.

LIBER NŌNUS

Maximinus Emperor, 235-237 A.D.

Antonius Gordianus Emperor, 237-238 A.D. Gordianus III Emperor, 238-244 A.D.

Philip Emperor, 244-249 A.D.

Metius Decius Emperor, 249-251 A.D.

Gallus Hostilianus and Volusianus Emperors, 251-253 A.D.

Aemilianus Emperor, 253 A.D.

Valerianus Emperor, 253-260 A.D.

Gallienus Emperor, 260-268 A.D.

Claudius Emperor, 268-270 A.D.

Quintillus Emperor, 270 A.D.

Aurelian Emperor, 270-275 A.D.

Tacitus Emperor, 275-276 A.D.

Probus Emperor, 276-282 A.D.

Carus Emperor, 282-283 A.D. Carus and Numerianus Emperors, 283-284 A.D.

Diocletian Emperor, 284-305 A.D.

Diocletian makes Maximianus Herculius Augustus, Constantius and Maximianus Caesars.

Diocletian abdicates, 305 A.D.

LIBER DECIMUS

Constantius I and Galerius Emperors, 305-306 A.D.

Constantine Emperor, 306-307 A.D.

Licinius Emperor, 307-324 A.D.

Constantine the Great sole Ruler, 324-337 A.D.

The Sons of Constantine rule, 337-360 A.D.

Julian Emperor, 360-363 A.D.

Eutropius takes part in the Parthian Expedition, 363 A.D.

Jovian Emperor, 363-364 A.D.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LIFE OF EUTROPIUS

Book I

Book II

Book III

Book IV

Book V

Book VI

Book VII

Book VIII

Book IX

Book X

ABBREVIATIONS

VOCABULARY

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

K.

L.

M.

N.

O.

P.

Q.

R.

S.

T.

U.

V.

X.

Z.

REFERENCES TO HARKNESS’ NEW LATIN GRAMMARS (1898)

PREFACE

Table of Contents

The Breviarium of Eutropius has for many years been used successfully in German schools, but, though an American edition was published in the early part of this century, the author has of late years received little attention in this country. Yet in character and subject the Breviarium is admirably adapted for elementary work. While the Viri Romae deals only with the early history of Rome and the lives of a few great men of the republican age, the Breviarium gives an outline of the history of Rome from the founding of the city to the death of the Emperor Jovian in 364 A.D., and is thus in subject closely related to the Latin course. The Latin is good, remarkably so for the time of its composition, and is not so difficult as that of Nepos or of parts of the Viri Romae.

In editing the text the beginner has constantly been had in mind, and so references to the standard Latin Grammars have been added more copiously than some will consider judicious. It has been found, however, by experience in the classroom, that a reference to the grammar when carefully studied is worth far more than a translation of a difficult passage or comment upon it. The grammatical references are placed at the bottom of the page where they belong. In the Notes, which are principally historical and geographical, the editor has tried to aid the student in mastering the difficulties that occur rather than to do his work for him. The references to the histories are intended rather for the teacher than for the pupil. If a few minutes can be spent every day in reading to the class the portions referred to, the time will not be wasted, and it will fill in the outline of the history that the text contains. It is strongly urged that each student should be provided with a copy of some good outline of Roman History (Creighton’s Primer is admirable), and follow the text in it from day to day. In this way a knowledge of the principal facts of Roman History may be obtained with but slight conscious effort on the part of the student.

In the analyses of the books and the chapters the accepted dates have been given, indicating where Eutropius is mistaken in his chronology. In marking the quantities of the long vowels, Lewis, in his Elementary Latin Dictionary, has been followed, except where later authorities differ from him.

The editor desires to acknowledge his obligation to Rev. J. R. Wilson, D.D., Principal of Portland Academy, for advice and assistance, and to Professors Arrowsmith and Whicher, for permission to use material from their First Latin Readings.

The Grammars cited are Harkness’ Standard Latin Grammar (H.), Mooney (M.), Allen and Greenough (A. & G.), Gildersleeve (G.), and Bennett (B.). References to Harkness’ new Latin Grammars (1898) will be found on p. 242.

J. C. H.

Portland, Oregon

,

June, 1898.

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EUTROPĪ

BREVIĀRIĪ AB URBE CONDITĀ

Table of Contents

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LIBER PRĪMUS

Table of Contents

From the Founding of Rome to the Capture of the City by the Gauls,

753-390 B.C.

The Regal Period,

753-509 B.C.

Rome Founded, 753 B.C. Romulus, 753-716 B.C.

Table of Contents

1. Rōmānum imperium ā Rōmulō exōrdium habet, quī

Rhēae Silviae, Vestālis virginis, fīlius et, quantum putātus

est, Mārtis, cum Remō frātre ūnō partū ēditus est. Is cum

inter pāstōrēs latrōcinārētur,[1] decem et octō annōs[2] nātus

urbem exiguam in Palātīnō monte cōnstituit, XI Kal. Māiās, 5

Olympiadis sextae annō tertiō, post Trōiae excidium, annō

trecentēsimō nōnāgēsimō quārtō.

2. Conditā cīvitāte,[3] quam ex nōmine suō Rōmam vocāvit,

haec ferē ēgit. Multitūdinem fīnitimōrum in cīvitātem

recēpit, centum ex seniōribus[4] lēgit, quōrum cōnsiliō omnia 10

ageret,[5] quōs senātōrēs nōmināvit propter senectūtem. Tum,

cum uxōrēs ipse et populus suus nōn habērent,[6] invītāvit

ad spectāculum lūdōrum vīcīnās urbī Rōmae nātiōnēs atque

eārum virginēs rapuit. Commōtīs bellīs propter raptārum

iniūriam Caenīnēnsēs vīcit, Antemnātēs, Crustumīnōs, Sabīnōs,

Fīdēnātēs, Vēientēs. Haec omnia oppida urbem cingunt.

Et cum ortā subitō tempestāte nōn compāruisset,

annō rēgnī trīcēsimō septimō ad deōs trānsīsse crēditus est 5

et cōnsecrātus. Deinde Rōmae[7] per quīnōs diēs senātōrēs

imperāvērunt et hīs rēgnantibus annus ūnus complētus est.

Numa Pompilius, 715-672 B.C.

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3. Posteā Numa Pompilius rēx creātus est, quī bellum

quidem nūllum gessit, sed nōn minus cīvitātī[8] quam Rōmulus

prōfuit. Nam et lēgēs Rōmānīs mōrēsque cōnstituit, quī 10

cōnsuētūdine proeliōrum iam latrōnēs ac sēmibarbarī putābantur,

et annum dēscrīpsit in decem mēnsēs prius sine

aliquā supputātiōne cōnfūsum, et īnfīnīta Rōmae sacra ac

templa cōnstituit. Morbō dēcessit quadrāgēsimō et tertiō

imperiī annō. 15

Tullus Hostilius, 672-640 B.C.

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4. Huic successit Tullus Hostīlius. Hīc bella reparāvit,

Albānōs vīcit, quī ab urbe Rōmā duodecimō mīliārio[9] sunt,

Vēientēs et Fīdēnātēs, quōrum aliī sextō mīliāriō absunt

ab urbe Rōmā, aliī octāvō decimō, bellō superāvit, urbem

ampliāvit adiectō Caeliō monte. Cum trīgintā et duōs annōs 20

rēgnāsset,[10] fulmine ictus cum domō suā ārsit.

Ancus Marcius, 640-616 B.C.

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5. Post hunc Ancus Mārcius, Numae ex fīliā nepōs, suscēpit

imperium. Contrā Latīnōs dīmicāvit, Aventīnum montem

cīvitātī adiēcit et Iāniculum, apud ōstium Tiberis cīvitātem

suprā mare sextō decimō mīliāriō ab urbe Rōmā condidit.

Vīcēsimō et quārtō annō imperiī morbō periit.

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, 616-578 B.C.

Table of Contents

6. Deinde rēgnum Prīscus Tarquinius accēpit. Hīc numerum

senātōrum duplicāvit, circum Rōmae aedificāvit, lūdōs 5

Rōmānōs īnstituit, quī ad nostram memoriam permanent.

Vīcit īdem etiam Sabīnōs et nōn parum agrōrum sublātum

īsdem urbis Rōmae territōriō iūnxit, prīmusque triumphāns

urbem intrāvit. Mūrōs fēcit et cloācās, Capitōlium incohāvit.

Trīcēsimō octāvō imperiī annō per Ancī fīliōs occīsus 10

est, rēgis ēius, cuī ipse successerat.

Servius Tullius, 578-534 B.C.

Table of Contents

7. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscēpit imperium, genitus

ex nōbilī fēminā, captīvā tamen et ancillā. Hīc quoque

Sabīnōs subēgit, montēs trēs, Quirīnālem, Vīminālem, Ēsquilīnum,

urbī adiūnxit, fossās circum mūrum dūxit. Prīmus 15

omnium cēnsum ōrdināvit, quī adhūc per orbem terrārum

incognitus erat. Sub eō Rōma omnibus in cēnsum dēlātīs

habuit capita LXXXIII mīlia cīvium Rōmānōrum cum hīs,

quī in agrīs erant. Occīsus est scelere generī suī Tarquinī

Superbī, fīliī ēius rēgis cuī ipse successerat, et fīliae quam 20

Tarquinius habēbat uxōrem.

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, 534-510 B.C.

Table of Contents

8. L. Tarquinius Superbus, septimus atque ultimus rēgum,[11]

Volscōs, quae gēns ad Campāniam euntibus[12] nōn longē ab

urbe est, vīcit, Gabiōs cīvitātem et Suessam Pōmētiam

subēgit, cum Tuscīs pācem fēcit et templum Iovī in Capitōliō

aedificāvit. Posteā Ardeam oppūgnāns, in octāvō

decimō mīliāriō ab urbe Rōmā positam cīvitātem, imperium

perdidit. Nam cum fīlius ēius, et ipse Tarquinius iūnior,

nōbilissimam fēminam Lucrētiam eandemque pudīcissimam, 5

Collātīnī uxōrem, stuprāsset eaque dē iniūriā marītō et patrī

et amīcīs questa fuisset, in omnium cōnspectū sē occīdit.

Propter quam causam Brūtus, parēns et ipse Tarquinī,

populum concitāvit et Tarquiniō[13] adēmit imperium. Mox

exercitus quoque eum, quī cīvitātem Ardeam cum ipsō rēge 10

oppūgnābat, relīquit; veniēnsque ad urbem rēx portīs clausīs

exclūsus est, cumque imperāsset annōs quattuor et vīgintī

cum uxōre et līberīs suīs fūgit. Ita Rōmae rēgnātum est

per septem rēgēs annīs ducentīs quadrāgintā tribus, cum

adhūc Rōma, ubi plūrimum, vix ūsque ad quīntum decimum 15

mīliārium possidēret.

Establishment of the Republic. Election of Consuls, 509 B.C.

Table of Contents

9. Hinc cōnsulēs coepēre, prō ūnō rēge duo, hāc causā

creātī, ut, sī ūnus malus esse voluisset,[14] alter eum habēns

potestātem similem coërcēret.[15] Et placuit nē imperium

longius quam annuum habērent,[16] nē per diūturnitātem potestātis 20

īnsolentiōrēs redderentur, sed cīvīlēs semper essent,

quī sē post annum scīrent futūrōs esse prīvātōs. Fuērunt

igitur annō prīmō ab expulsīs rēgibus cōnsulēs L. Iūnius

Brūtus, quī māximē ēgerat ut Tarquinius pellerētur, et Tarquinius

Collātīnus, marītus Lucrētiae. Sed Tarquiniō Collātīnō 25

statim sublāta est dīgnitās. Placuerat enim nē quisquam

in urbe manēret quī Tarquinius vocārētur. Ergō acceptō

omnī patrimōniō suō ex urbe migrāvit et locō ipsīus factus

est L. Valerius Pūblicola cōnsul.

War with Tarquinius.

Table of Contents

10. Commōvit tamen bellum urbī Rōmae rēx Tarquinius,

quī fuerat expulsus, et, conlēctīs multīs gentibus, ut in rēgnum 5

posset restituī dīmicāvit. In prīmā pūgnā Brūtus cōnsul

et Ārūns, Tarquinī fīlius, in vicem sē occīdērunt, Rōmānī

tamen ex eā pūgnā vīctōrēs recessērunt. Brūtum mātrōnae

Rōmānae, dēfēnsōrem pudīcitiae suae, quasi commūnem

patrem per annum lūxērunt. Valerius Pūblicola Sp. Lucrētium 10

Tricipitīnum conlēgam sibi fēcit, Lucrētiae patrem, quō

morbō mortuō iterum Horātium Pulvillum conlēgam sibi

sūmpsit. Ita prīmus annus quīnque cōnsulēs habuit, cum

Tarquinius Collātīnus propter nōmen urbe[17] cessisset, Brūtus

in proeliō perīsset, Sp. Lucrētius morbō mortuus esset. 15

War with Porsenna, 508 B.C.

Table of Contents

11. Secundō quoque annō iterum Tarquinius ut reciperētur

in rēgnum bellum Rōmānīs intulit, auxilium eī ferente

Porsennā, Tusciae rēge, et Rōmam paene cēpit. Vērum

tum quoque victus est.

Tertiō annō post rēgēs exāctōs Tarquinius cum suscipī 20

nōn posset in rēgnum neque eī Porsenna, quī pācem cum

Rōmānīs fēcerat, praestāret auxilium, Tusculum[18] sē contulit,

quae cīvitās nōn longē ab urbe est, atque ibi per quattuordecim

annōs prīvātus cum uxōre cōnsenuit.

Quārtō annō post rēgēs exāctōs, cum Sabīnī Rōmānīs 25

bellum intulissent, victī sunt, et dē hīs triumphātum est.

Quīntō annō L. Valerius ille,[19] Brūtī conlēga et quater

cōnsul, fātāliter mortuus est, adeō pauper ut conlātīs ā populō

nummīs sūmptum habuerit[20] sepultūrae. Quem mātrōnae

sīcutī Brūtum annum lūxērunt.

Institution of the Dictatorship, 501 B.C.

Table of Contents

12. Nōnō annō post rēgēs exāctōs cum gener Tarquinī 5

ad iniūriam socerī[21] vindicandam[22] ingentem conlēgisset exercitum,

nova Rōmae dīgnitās est creāta, quae dictātūra appellātur,

māior quam cōnsulātus. Eōdem annō etiam magister

equitum factus est, quī dictātōrī obsequerētur. Neque quicquam

similius potest dīcī quam dictātūra antīqua huic 10

imperiī potestātī, quam nunc Tranquillitās Vestra habet,

māximē cum Augustus quoque Octāviānus, dē quō posteā

dīcēmus, et ante eum C. Caesar sub dictātūrae nōmine atque

honōre rēgnāverint. Dictātor autem Rōmae prīmus fuit

T. Larcius, magister equitum prīmus Sp. Cassius. 15

Secession of the Plebeians. Establishment of the Tribunate, 494 B.C.

Table of Contents

13. Sextō decimō annō post rēgēs exāctōs sēditiōnem

populus Rōmae fēcit, tamquam ā senātū atque cōnsulibus

premerētur. Tum et ipse sibi tribūnōs plēbis quasi propriōs

iūdicēs et dēfēnsōrēs creāvit, per quōs contrā senātum et

cōnsulēs tūtus esse posset. 20

War with the Volsci, 493 B.C.

Table of Contents

14. Sequentī annō Volscī contrā Rōmānōs bellum reparāvērunt,

et victī aciē etiam Coriolōs cīvitātem, quam habēbant

optimam, perdidērunt.

Coriolanus, 491 B.C.

Table of Contents

15. Octāvō decimō annō postquam rēgēs ēiectī erant expulsus

ex urbe Q. Mārcius, dux Rōmānus, quī Coriolōs cēperat, 5

Volscōrum cīvitātem, ad ipsōs Volscōs contendit īrātus et

auxilia contrā Rōmānōs accēpit. Rōmānōs saepe vīcit, ūsque

ad quīntum mīliārium urbis accessit, oppūgnātūrus[23] etiam

patriam suam, lēgātīs quī pācem petēbant repudiātīs, nisi

ad eum māter Veturia et uxor Volumnia ex urbe vēnissent,[24] 10

quārum flētū et dēprecātiōne superātus remōvit exercitum.

Atque hīc secundus post Tarquinium fuit quī dux contrā

patriam suam esset.

Slaughter of the Fabii, 477 B.C.

Table of Contents

16. C. Fabiō et L. Virgīniō cōnsulibus trecentī nōbilēs

hominēs, quī ex Fabiā familiā erant, contrā Vēientēs bellum 15

sōlī suscēpērunt, prōmittentēs senātuī et populō per sē omne

certāmen implendum. Itaque profectī, omnēs nōbilēs et

quī singulī māgnōrum exercituum ducēs esse dēbērent, in

proeliō concidērunt. Ūnus omnīnō superfuit ex tantā familiā,

quī propter aetātem puerīlem dūcī nōn potuerat ad 20

pūgnam. Post haec cēnsus in urbe habitus est et inventa

sunt cīvium capita CXVII mīlia CCCXIX.

Dictatorship of Cincinnatus, 458 B.C.

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17. Sequentī tamen annō cum in Algidō monte ab urbe

duodecimō fermē mīliāriō Rōmānus obsiderētur exercitus, L.

Quīntius Cincinnātus dictātor est factus, quī agrum quattuor

iūgerūm[25] possidēns manibus suīs colēbat. Is cum in opere

et arāns esset inventus, sūdōre dētersō togam praetextam 5

accēpit et caesīs hostibus līberāvit exercitum.

Decemvirs appointed, 451 B.C. Laws of XII Tables promulgated, 450 B.C. Death of Virginia; Decemvirs deposed, 449 B.C.

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18. Annō trecentēsimō et alterō ab urbe conditā imperium

cōnsulāre cessāvit et prō duōbus cōnsulibus decem factī

sunt, quī summam potestātem habērent, decemvirī nōminātī.

Sed cum prīmō annō bene ēgissent,[26] secundō ūnus ex hīs, 10

Ap. Claudius, Virgīnī cūiusdam, quī honestīs iam stīpendiīs

contrā Latīnōs in monte Algidō mīlitārat,[27] fīliam virginem

corrumpere voluit; quam pater occīdit, nē stuprum ā decemvirō

sustinēret, et regressus ad mīlitēs mōvit tumultum.

Sublāta est decemvirīs[28] potestās ipsīque damnātī sunt. 15

Revolt of the Fidenates, 438 B.C.

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19. Annō trecentēsimō et quīntō decimō ab urbe conditā

Fīdēnātēs contrā Rōmānōs rebellāvērunt. Auxilium hīs

praestābant Vēientēs et rēx Vēientium Tolumnius. Quae

ambae cīvitātēs tam vīcīnae urbī sunt ut Fīdēnae sextō,

Vēī octāvō decimō mīliāriō absint. Coniūnxērunt sē hīs 20

et Volscī. Sed Mam. Aemiliō dictātōre et L. Quīntiō Cincinnātō

magistrō equitum victī etiam rēgem perdidērunt.

Fīdēnae captae et excīsae.

War with Vei, 396 B.C.

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20. Post vīgintī deinde annōs Vēientānī rebellāvērunt.

Dictātor contrā ipsōs missus est Fūrius Camillus, quī prīmum 5

eōs vīcit aciē, mox etiam cīvitātem diū obsidēns cēpit,

antīquissimam Ītaliae atque dītissimam. Post eam cēpit

et Faliscōs, nōn minus nōbilem cīvitātem. Sed commōta

est eī invidia, quasi praedam male dīvīsisset, damnātusque

ob eam causam et expulsus cīvitāte.[29] 10

Rome Captured by the Gauls, 390 B.C.

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Statim Gallī Senonēs ad urbem vēnērunt et victōs Rōmānōs

ūndecimō mīliāriō ā Rōmā apud flūmen Alliam secūtī

etiam urbem occupāvērunt. Neque dēfendī quicquam nisi

Capitōlium potuit; quod cum diū obsēdissent et iam Rōmānī

famē labōrārent, acceptō aurō, nē Capitōlium obsidērent, 15

recessērunt. Sed ā Camillō, quī in vīcīnā cīvitāte

exsulābat, Gallīs[30] superventum est gravissimēque victī sunt.

Posteā tamen etiam secūtus eōs Camillus ita cecīdit ut et

aurum, quod hīs datum fuerat, et omnia quae cēperant

mīlitāria sīgna revocāret. Ita tertiō triumphāns urbem 20

ingressus est et appellātus secundus Rōmulus, quasi et ipse

patriae conditor.

---

LIBER SECUNDUS

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From the Capture of the City to the End of The First Punic War,

390-241 B.C.

Military Tribunes with Consular Power Elected, 444 B.C.

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1. Annō trecentēsimō sexāgēsimō quīntō ab urbe conditā,

post captam autem prīmō, dīgnitātēs mūtātae sunt, et prō

duōbus cōnsulibus factī tribūnī mīlitārēs cōnsulārī potestāte.

Hinc iam coepit Rōmāna rēs crēscere. Nam Camillus eō

annō Volscōrum cīvitātem, quae per septuāgintā annōs 5

bellum gesserat, vīcit et Aequōrum urbem et Sūtrīnōrum

atque omnēs dēlētīs eārundem exercitibus occupāvit et trēs

simul triumphōs ēgit.

2. T. etiam Quīntius Cincinnātus Praenestīnōs, quī ūsque

ad urbis Rōmae portās cum bellō vēnerant, persecūtus ad 10

flūmen Alliam vīcit, octō cīvitātēs, quae sub ipsīs agēbant,

Rōmānīs adiūnxit, ipsum Praeneste aggressus in dēditiōnem

accēpit. Quae omnia ab eō gesta sunt vīgintī diēbus,[31]

triumphusque ipsī dēcrētus.

3. Vērum dīgnitās tribūnōrum mīlitārium nōn diū persevērāvit. 15

Nam post aliquantum nūllōs placuit fierī et quadriennium

in urbe ita fluxit ut potestātēs ibi māiōrēs nōn

essent. Praesūmpsērunt tamen tribūnī mīlitārēs cōnsulārī

potestāte iterum dīgnitātem et trienniō persevērāvērunt.

Rūrsus cōnsulēs factī. 20

Death of Camillus, 365 B.C.

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4. L. Genuciō et Q. Servīliō cōnsulibus mortuus est

Camillus. Honor eī post Rōmulum secundus dēlātus est.

Invasion of the Gauls; Torquatus, 361 B.C.

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5. T. Quīntius dictātor adversus Gallōs, quī ad Ītaliam

vēnerant, missus est. Hī ab urbe quārtō mīliāriō trāns

Aniēnem fluvium cōnsēderant. Ibi nōbilissimus dē senātōribus

iuvenis L. Mānlius prōvocantem Gallum ad singulāre

certāmen prōgressus occīdit, et sublātō torque aureō collōque 5

suō impositō in perpetuum Torquātī et sibi et posterīs

cognōmen accēpit. Gallī fugātī sunt, mox per C. Sulpicium

dictātōrem etiam victī. Nōn multō[32] post ā C. Mārciō Tuscī

victī sunt et octō mīlia captīvōrum ex hīs in triumphum

ducta. 10

First Samnite War, 343-341 B.C.

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6. Cēnsus iterum habitus est. Et cum Latīnī, quī a Rōmānīs[33]

subāctī erant, mīlitēs praestāre nōllent, ex Rōmānīs

tantum tīrōnēs lēctī sunt, factaeque legiōnēs decem, quī modus

sexāgintā vel amplius armātōrum mīlia efficiēbat. Parvīs

adhūc Rōmānīs rēbus tanta tamen in rē mīlitārī virtūs erat. 15

Quae cum profectae essent adversum Gallōs duce L. Fūriō,

quīdam ex Gallīs ūnum ex Rōmānīs, quī esset[34] optimus,

prōvocāvit. Tum sē M. Valerius tribūnus mīlitum obtulit,

et cum prōcessisset armātus corvus eī[35] suprā dextrum bracchium

sēdit. Mox commissā adversum Gallum pūgnā īdem 20

corvus ālīs et unguibus Gallī oculōs verberāvit, nē rēctum

posset aspicere. Ita ā tribūnō Valeriō interfectus. Corvus

nōn sōlum victōriam eī, sed etiam nōmen dedit. Nam

posteā īdem Corvīnus est dictus. Ac propter hōc meritum

annōrum trium et vīgintī cōnsul est factus. 25

Latin War, 340-338 B.C.

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7. Latīnī, quī nōluerant mīlitēs dare, hōc quoque ā Rōmānīs

exigere coepērunt, ut ūnus cōnsul ex eōrum, alter ex

Rōmānōrum populō creārētur. Quod cum esset negātum,

bellum contrā eōs susceptum est et ingentī pūgnā superātī

sunt; ac dē hīs perdomitīs triumphātum est. Statuae cōnsulibus 5

ob meritum victōriae in rōstrīs positae sunt. Eō

annō etiam Alexandrīa ab Alexandrō Macedone condita est.

Second Samnite War, 326-304 B.C.

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8. Iam Rōmānī potentēs esse coepērunt. Bellum enim in

centēsimō et trīcēsimō ferē mīliāriō ab urbe apud Samnītas

gerēbātur, quī mediī sunt inter Pīcēnum, Campāniam et 10

Āpūliam. L. Papīrius Cursor cum honōre dictātōris ad id

bellum profectus est. Quī cum Rōmam redīret, Q. Fabiō

Māximō, magistrō equitum, quem apud exercitum relīquit,

praecēpit nē sē absente pūgnāret.[36] Ille occāsiōne repertā

fēlīcissimē dīmicāvit et Samnītas dēlēvit. Ob quam rem ā 15

dictātōre capitis[37] damnātus, quod sē vetante pūgnāsset,[38]

ingentī favōre mīlitum et populī līberātus est, tantā Papīriō

sēditiōne commōtā ut paene ipse interficerētur.

Romans defeated at Caudine Forks, 321 B.C.

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9. Posteā Samnītēs Rōmānōs T. Veturiō et Sp. Postumiō

cōnsulibus ingentī dēdecōre[39] vīcērunt et sub iugum mīsērunt. 20

Pāx tamen ā senātū et populō solūta est, quae cum

ipsīs propter necessitātem facta fuerat. Posteā Samnītēs

victī sunt ā L. Papīriō cōnsule, septem mīlia eōrum sub

iugum missa. Papīrius prīmus dē Samnītibus triumphāvit.

Eō tempore Ap. Claudius cēnsor aquam Claudiam indūxit

et viam Appiam strāvit. Samnītēs reparātō bellō Q. Fabium

Māximum vīcērunt tribus mīlibus hominum occīsīs. Posteā, 5

cum pater eī Fabius Māximus lēgātus datus fuisset, et

Samnītas vīcit et plūrima ipsōrum oppida cēpit. Deinde

P. Cornēlius Rūfīnus M. Curius Dentātus, ambō cōnsulēs,

contrā Samnītas missī ingentibus proeliīs eōs cōnfēcēre.

Tum bellum cum Samnītibus per annōs quadrāgintā novem 10

āctum sustulērunt. Neque ūllus hostis fuit intrā Ītaliam

quī Rōmānam virtūtem magis fatīgāverit.

War with the Gauls and Etruscans, 283 B.C.

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10. Interiectīs aliquot annīs iterum sē Gallōrum cōpiae

contrā Rōmānōs Tuscīs Samnītibusque iūnxērunt, sed cum

Rōmam tenderent ā Cn. Cornēliō Dolābellā cōnsule dēlētae 15

sunt.

War with Tarentum and Pyrrhus, 281-272 B.C. Battle of Heraclea, 280 B.C.

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11. Eōdem tempore Tarentīnīs, quī iam in ultimā Ītaliā

sunt, bellum indictum est, quia lēgātīs Rōmānōrum iniūriam

fēcissent. Hī Pyrrhum,[40] Ēpīrī rēgem, contrā Rōmānōs

auxilium poposcērunt, quī ex genere Achillis orīginem 20

trahēbat. Is mox ad Ītaliam vēnit, tumque prīmum Rōmānī

cum trānsmarīnō hoste dīmicāvērunt. Missus est

contrā eum cōnsul P. Valerius Laevīnus, quī cum explōrātōrēs

Pyrrhī cēpisset, iussit eōs per castra dūcī, ostendī

omnem exercitum tumque dīmittī, ut renūntiārent Pyrrhō 25

quaecumque ā Rōmānīs agerentur.[41] Commissā mox pūgnā,

cum iam Pyrrhus fugeret, elephantōrum auxiliō vīcit, quōs

incognitōs Rōmānī expāvērunt. Sed nox proeliō fīnem

dedit; Laevīnus tamen per noctem fūgit, Pyrrhus Rōmānōs

mīlle octingentōs cēpit et eōs summō honōre trāctāvit, 5

occīsōs sepelīvit. Quōs cum adversō