Security of Radioactive Material in Use and Storage and of Associated Facilities: Implementing Guide

By IAEA

This revision provides guidance to States and their competent authorities on how to establish or improve, implement, maintain and sustain the elements of the nuclear security regime related to radioactive material, associated facilities and activities, with particular emphasis on the development of regulatory requirements. The publication applies to the security of radioactive material in use or in storage, as well as associated facilities and associated activities, and assists Member States in their regimes against unauthorized removal of the radioactive material or sabotage performed with the intent to cause harmful radiological consequences.

• Language: English
• Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency
• Release date: Jan 22, 2020
• ISBN: 9789201071224

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SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE

MATERIAL IN USE AND STORAGE

AND OF ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

IAEA NUCLEAR SECURITY SERIES No. 11-G (Rev. 1)

SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE

MATERIAL IN USE AND STORAGE

AND OF ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

IMPLEMENTING GUIDE

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

VIENNA, 2019

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

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© IAEA, 2019

Printed by the IAEA in Austria

December 2019

STI/PUB/1840

IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Names: International Atomic Energy Agency.

Title: Security of radioactive material in use and storage and of associated facilities / International Atomic Energy Agency.

Description: Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2019. | Series: IAEA nuclear security series, ISSN 1816–9317 ; no. 11-G (Rev. 1) | Includes bibliographical references.

Identifiers: IAEAL 19–01263 | ISBN 978–92–0–110018–4 (paperback : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Radioactive substances. | Nuclear industry — Security measures. | Nuclear facilities.

Classification: UDC 620.267:343.852 | STI/PUB/1840

FOREWORD

The IAEA’s principal objective under its Statute is to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world. Our work involves both preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and ensuring that nuclear technology is made available for peaceful purposes in areas such as health and agriculture. It is essential that all nuclear and other radioactive materials, and the facilities at which they are held, are managed in a safe manner and properly protected against criminal or intentional unauthorized acts.

Nuclear security is the responsibility of each individual State, but international cooperation is vital to support States in establishing and maintaining effective nuclear security regimes. The central role of the IAEA in facilitating such cooperation and providing assistance to States is well recognized. The IAEA’s role reflects its broad membership, its mandate, its unique expertise and its long experience of providing technical assistance and specialist, practical guidance to States.

Since 2006, the IAEA has issued Nuclear Security Series publications to help States to establish effective national nuclear security regimes. These publications complement international legal instruments on nuclear security, such as the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its Amendment, the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, United Nations Security Council resolutions 1373 and 1540, and the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources.

Guidance is developed with the active involvement of experts from IAEA Member States, which ensures that it reflects a consensus on good practices in nuclear security. The IAEA Nuclear Security Guidance Committee, established in March 2012 and made up of Member States’ representatives, reviews and approves draft publications in the Nuclear Security Series as they are developed.

The IAEA will continue to work with its Member States to ensure that the benefits of peaceful nuclear technology are made available to improve the health, well-being and prosperity of people worldwide.

EDITORIAL NOTE

This publication does not address questions of responsibility, legal or otherwise, for acts or omissions on the part of any person.

Guidance issued in the IAEA Nuclear Security Series is not binding on States, but States may use the guidance to assist them in meeting their obligations under international legal instruments and in discharging their responsibility for nuclear security within the State. Guidance expressed as ‘should’ statements is intended to present international good practices and to indicate an international consensus that it is necessary for States to take the measures recommended or equivalent alternative measures.

Security related terms are to be understood as defined in the publication in which they appear, or in the higher level guidance that the publication supports. Otherwise, words are used with their commonly understood meanings.

An appendix is considered to form an integral part of the publication. Material in an appendix has the same status as the body text. Annexes are used to provide practical examples or additional information or explanation. Annexes are not integral parts of the main text.

Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use.

The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries.

The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA.

The authoritative versions of the publications are the hard copies issued and available as PDFs on www.iaea.org/publications.To create the versions for e-readers, certain changes have been made, including the movement of some figures and tables.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

Background

Objective

Scope

Structure

2. OBJECTIVES OF A STATE’S NUCLEAR SECURITY REGIME RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, ASSOCIATED FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES

Means of achieving the objectives

3. ELEMENTS OF A STATE’S NUCLEAR SECURITY REGIME RELATED TO RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, ASSOCIATED FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES

State responsibility

Assignment of nuclear security responsibilities

Legislative and regulatory framework

International cooperation and assistance

Identification and assessment of threats

Interfaces with the safety system

Sustaining the nuclear security regime

Planning and preparedness for and response to nuclear security events

Import and export of radioactive material

Detection of nuclear security events

4. GUIDANCE ON THE SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

Security functions and measures

Guidance on the security of radioactive material in use and storage

Guidance on the security of radioactive material in transport

5. ESTABLISHING A REGULATORY PROGRAMME FOR THE SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

Step 1: Establish graded security levels with corresponding goals and sub-goals

Step 2: Determine the security level applicable to radioactive material: security based categorization

Step 3: Implement a regulatory approach

6. GUIDANCE ON THE CONTENT OF REGULATIONS

Prescriptive approach

Performance based approach

Combined approach

Appendix I: DESCRIPTION OF SE CURITY MEASURES

Appendix II: TOPICS TO BE ADDRESSED IN AN OPERATOR’ S SECURITY PLAN

Appendix III: DESCRIPTION OF A VULNERABI LITY ASSESSMENT

REFERENCES

1. INTRODUCTION

Background

1.1. The IAEA Nuclear Security Series provides guidance to Member States to assist them in implementing a national nuclear security regime, and in reviewing and, when necessary, strengthening this regime. The series also provides guidance to States in fulfilling their obligations and commitments with respect to binding and non-binding international instruments. The Nuclear Security Fundamentals set out the objective of a nuclear security regime and its essential elements [1]. The following publications indicate what a nuclear security regime should address:

— Nuclear Security Recommendations on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities [ 2 ];

— Nuclear Security Recommendations on Radioactive Material and Associated Facilities [ 3 ];

— Nuclear Security Recommendations on Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material out of Regulatory Control [ 4 ].

This publication is the primary Implementing Guide for the Nuclear Security Recommendations on Radioactive Material and Associated Facilities [3].

1.2. This Implementing Guide is a revision of IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 11, Security of Radioactive Sources, published in 2009. This revision was undertaken to:

(a) Better align this publication with the recommendations contained in Ref. [ 3 ], first published in 2011;

(b) Expand the scope of the guidance to include not only radioactive sources as defined in the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources [ 5 ], but also to address all radioactive material and associated facilities as defined in Ref. [ 3 ];

(c) Cross-reference other relevant guidance published since 2009;

(d) Add detail on selected