Holography: How the Technology Works and Industry Use Cases in Real Life

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Holography

Holography is a technique that enables a wavefront to be recorded and later re-constructed. Holography is best known as a method of generating three-dimensional images, but it also has a wide range of other applications. In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any type of wave.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Holography

Chapter 2: Diffraction

Chapter 3: Microscopy

Chapter 4: Interferometry

Chapter 5: Photorefractive effect

Chapter 6: Particle image velocimetry

Chapter 7: Holographic data storage

Chapter 8: Interference lithography

Chapter 9: Rainbow hologram

Chapter 10: Holographic interferometry

Chapter 11: Digital holography

Chapter 12: Computer-generated holography

Chapter 13: Volume hologram

Chapter 14: Holographic display

Chapter 15: Electronic speckle pattern interferometry

Chapter 16: Speckle (interference)

Chapter 17: Digital holographic microscopy

Chapter 18: Holographic optical element

Chapter 19: Common-path interferometer

Chapter 20: Physics of optical holography

Chapter 21: Time-domain holography

(II) Answering the public top questions about holography.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of holography in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of holography' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of holography.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Feb 21, 2022

Book preview

Other Books by The Author

1 - Plasma Propulsion

2 - Pulse Detonation Engine

3 - Agricultural Robotics

4 - Closed Ecological Systems

5 - Cultured Meat

6 - Vertical Farming

7 - Autonomous Vehicles

8 - Autonomous Drones

9 - Autonomous Robotics

10 - Autonomous Weapons

11 - Arcology

12 - 4D Printing

13 - Domed City

14 - Distributed Ledger

15 - Digital Currency

16 - Decentralized Finance

17 - Smart Machines

18 - Aerogel

19 - Amorphous Metal

20 - Bioplastic

21 - Conductive Polymer

22 - Cryogenic Treatment

23 - Dynamic Armour

24 - Fullerene

25 - Graphene

26 - Lab on a Chip

27 - High Temperature Superconductivity

28 - Magnetic Nanoparticles

29 - Magnetorheological Fluid

30 - Microfluidics

31 - Superfluidity

32 - Metamaterial

33 - Metal Foam

34 - Multi Function Structure

35 - Nanomaterials

36 - Programmable Matter

37 - Quantum Dot

38 - Silicene

39 - Superalloy

40 - Synthetic Diamond

41 - Time Crystal

42 - Translucent Concrete

43 - Brain Computer Interface

44 - Volumetric Display

45 - Laser TV

46 - Holography

47 - Optical Transistor

48 - Screenless Video

49 - Swarm Intelligence

Series by The Author

Emerging Technologies in Aerospace

1 - Plasma Propulsion

2 - Pulse Detonation Engine

Emerging Technologies in Agriculture

1 - Agricultural Robotics

2 - Closed Ecological Systems

3 - Cultured Meat

4 - Vertical Farming

Emerging Technologies in Autonomous Things

1 - Autonomous Vehicles

2 - Autonomous Drones

3 - Autonomous Robotics

4 - Autonomous Weapons

Emerging Technologies in Construction

1 - Arcology

2 - 4D Printing

3 - Domed City

Emerging Technologies in Finance

1 - Distributed Ledger

2 - Digital Currency

3 - Decentralized Finance

Emerging Technologies in Information Technology

1 - Smart Machines

Emerging Technologies in Materials Science

1 - Aerogel

2 - Amorphous Metal

3 - Bioplastic

4 - Conductive Polymer

5 - Cryogenic Treatment

6 - Dynamic Armour

7 - Fullerene

8 - Graphene

9 - Lab on a Chip

10 - High Temperature Superconductivity

11 - Magnetic Nanoparticles

12 - Magnetorheological Fluid

13 - Microfluidics

14 - Superfluidity

15 - Metamaterial

16 - Metal Foam

17 - Multi Function Structure

18 - Nanomaterials

19 - Programmable Matter

20 - Quantum Dot

21 - Silicene

22 - Superalloy

23 - Synthetic Diamond

24 - Time Crystal

25 - Translucent Concrete

Emerging Technologies in Neuroscience

1 - Brain Computer Interface

Emerging Technologies in Optoelectronics

1 - Volumetric Display

2 - Laser TV

3 - Holography

4 - Optical Transistor

5 - Screenless Video

Emerging Technologies in Robotics

1 - Swarm Intelligence

One Billion Knowledgeable

Holography

How the technology works and industry use cases in real life

Fouad Sabry

Copyright

Holography Copyright © 2022 by Fouad Sabry. All Rights Reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.

Cover designed by Fouad Sabry.

This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents either are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.

Bonus

You can send an email to [e-mail] with the subject line Holography: How the technology works and industry use cases in real life, and you will receive an email which contains the first few chapters of this book.

Fouad Sabry

Visit 1BK website at

www.1BKOfficial.org

Preface

Why did I write this book?

The story of writing this book started on 1989, when I was a student in the Secondary School of Advanced Students.

It is remarkably like the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Schools, which are now available in many advanced countries.

STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in four specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering, and mathematics — in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. This term is typically used to address an education policy or a curriculum choice in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.

There was a weekly class in the library, where each student is free to choose any book and read for 1 hour. The objective of the class is to encourage the students to read subjects other than the educational curriculum.

In the library, while I was looking at the books on the shelves, I noticed huge books, total of 5,000 pages in 5 parts. The books name is The Encyclopedia of Technology, which describes everything around us, from absolute zero to semiconductors, almost every technology, at that time, was explained with colorful illustrations and simple words. I started to read the encyclopedia, and of course, I was not able to finish it in the 1-hour weekly class.

So, I convinced my father to buy the encyclopedia. My father bought all the technology tools for me in the beginning of my life, the first computer and the first technology encyclopedia, and both have a great impact on myself and my career.

I have finished the entire encyclopedia in the same summer vacation of this year, and then I started to see how the universe works and to how to apply that knowledge to everyday problems.

My passion to the technology started mor than 30 years ago and still the journey goes on.

This book is part of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies which is my attempt to give the readers the same amazing experience I had when I was in high school, but instead of 20th century technologies, I am more interested in the 21st century emerging technologies, applications, and industry solutions.

The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies will consist of 365 books, each book will be focused on one single emerging technology. You can read the list of emerging technologies and their categorization by industry in the part of Coming Soon, at the end of the book.

365 books to give the readers the chance to increase their knowledge on one single emerging technology every day within the course of one year period.

Introduction

How did I write this book?

In every book of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies, I am trying to get instant, raw search insights, direct from the minds of the people, trying to answer their questions about the emerging technology.

There are 3 billion Google searches every day, and 20% of those have never been seen before. They are like a direct line to the people thoughts.

Sometimes that’s ‘How do I remove paper jam’. Other times, it is the wrenching fears and secret hankerings they would only ever dare share with Google.

In my pursuit to discover an untapped goldmine of content ideas about Holography, I use many tools to listen into autocomplete data from search engines like Google, then quickly cranks out every useful phrase and question, the people are asking around the keyword Holography.

It is a goldmine of people insight, I can use to create fresh, ultra-useful content, products, and services. The kind people, like you, really want.

People searches are the most important dataset ever collected on the human psyche. Therefore, this book is a live product, and constantly updated by more and more answers for new questions about Holography, asked by people, just like you and me, wondering about this new emerging technology and would like to know more about it.

The approach for writing this book is to get a deeper level of understanding of how people search around Holography, revealing questions and queries which I would not necessarily think off the top of my head, and answering these questions in super easy and digestible words, and to navigate the book around in a straightforward way.

So, when it comes to writing this book, I have ensured that it is as optimized and targeted as possible. This book purpose is helping the people to further understand and grow their knowledge about Holography. I am trying to answer people’s questions as closely as possible and showing a lot more.

It is a fantastic, and beautiful way to explore questions and problems that the people have and answer them directly, and add insight, validation, and creativity to the content of the book – even pitches and proposals. The book uncovers rich, less crowded, and sometimes surprising areas of research demand I would not otherwise reach. There is no doubt that, it is expected to increase the knowledge of the potential readers’ minds, after reading the book using this approach.

I have applied a unique approach to make the content of this book always fresh. This approach depends on listening to the people minds, by using the search listening tools. This approach helped me to:

Meet the readers exactly where they are, so I can create relevant content that strikes a chord and drives more understanding to the topic.

Keep my finger firmly on the pulse, so I can get updates when people talk about this emerging technology in new ways, and monitor trends over time.

Uncover hidden treasures of questions need answers about the emerging technology to discover unexpected insights and hidden niches that boost the relevancy of the content and give it a winning edge.

The building block for writing this book include the following:

(1) I have stopped wasting the time on gutfeel and guesswork about the content wanted by the readers, filled the book content with what the people need and said goodbye to the endless content ideas based on speculations.

(2) I have made solid decisions, and taken fewer risks, to get front row seats to what people want to read and want to know — in real time — and use search data to make bold decisions, about which topics to include and which topics to exclude.

(3) I have streamlined my content production to identify content ideas without manually having to sift through individual opinions to save days and even weeks of time.

It is wonderful to help the people to increase their knowledge in a straightforward way by just answering their questions.

I think the approach of writing of this book is unique as it collates, and tracks the important questions being asked by the readers on search engines.

Acknowledgments

Writing a book is harder than I thought and more rewarding than I could have ever imagined. None of this would have been possible without the work completed by prestigious researchers, and I would like to acknowledge their efforts to increase the knowledge of the public about this emerging technology.

Dedication

To the enlightened, the ones who see things differently, and want the world to be better -- they are not fond of the status quo or the existing state. You can disagree with them too much, and you can argue with them even more, but you cannot ignore them, and you cannot underestimate them, because they always change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones or amateur, others see genius and innovators, because the ones who are enlightened enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do, and lead the people to the enlightenment.

Epigraph

Holography is a technique that enables a wavefront to be recorded and later re-constructed. Holography is best known as a method of generating three-dimensional images, but it also has a wide range of other applications. In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any type of wave.

Table of Contents

Other Books by The Author

Series by The Author

Holography

Copyright

Bonus

Preface

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Dedication

Epigraph

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Holography

Chapter 2: Diffraction

Chapter 3: Microscopy

Chapter 4: Interferometry

Chapter 5: Photorefractive effect

Chapter 6: Particle image velocimetry

Chapter 7: Holographic data storage

Chapter 8: Interference lithography

Chapter 9: Rainbow hologram

Chapter 10: Holographic interferometry

Chapter 11: Digital holography

Chapter 12: Computer-generated holography

Chapter 13: Volume hologram

Chapter 14: Holographic display

Chapter 15: Electronic speckle pattern interferometry

Chapter 16: Speckle (interference)

Chapter 17: Digital holographic microscopy

Chapter 18: Holographic optical element

Chapter 19: Common-path interferometer

Chapter 20: Physics of optical holography

Chapter 21: Time-domain holography

Epilogue

About the Author

Coming Soon

Appendices: Emerging Technologies in Each Industry

Chapter 1: Holography

Two photographs of a single hologram taken from different viewpoints

Holography is a technique for recording and later reconstructing a wavefront. Holography is most recognized for its ability to create three-dimensional images, but it also has a wide range of other applications. In theory, any sort of wave can be used to create a hologram.

A hologram is created by superimposing a second wavefront (often referred to as the reference beam) over the wavefront of interest, resulting in an interference pattern that is recorded on a physical media. When just the second wavefront lights the interference pattern, the original wavefront is diffracted to reconstruct it. Holograms can also be created digitally by modeling the two wavefronts and putting them together. To reconstruct the wavefront of interest, the generated digital image is printed onto a suitable mask or film and lit by a suitable source.

Contents

1 Overview and history

2 How it works

2.1 Laser

2.2 Apparatus

2.3 Process

2.4 Comparison with photography

3 Physics of holography

3.1 Plane wavefronts

3.2 Point sources

3.3 Complex objects

4 Applications

4.1 Art

4.2 Data storage

4.3 Dynamic holography

4.4 Hobbyist use

4.5 Holographic interferometry

4.6 Interferometric microscopy

4.7 Sensors or biosensors

4.8 Security

4.9 Other applications

4.9.1 High security registration plates

5 Non-optical holography

6 False holograms

7 In fiction

8 See also

9 References

10 Bibliography

11 Further reading

12 External links

Overview and history

The Hungarian-British physicist Dennis Gabor (in Hungarian: Gábor Dénes)

His work, done in the late 1940s, was built on pioneering work in the field of X-ray microscopy by other scientists including Mieczysław Wolfke in 1920 and William Lawrence Bragg in 1939. This discovery was an unexpected result of research into improving electron microscopes at the British Thomson-Houston Company (BTH) in Rugby, England, and the company filed a patent in December 1947 (patent GB685286). The technique as originally invented is still used in electron microscopy, where it is known as electron holography, but optical holography did not really advance until the development of the laser in 1960. The word holography comes from the Greek words ὅλος (holos; whole) and γραφή (graphē; writing or drawing).

A hologram is a recording of an interference pattern that can replicate a three-dimensional light field by diffraction. The recreated light field can produce an image that retains the original scene's depth, parallax, and other features. A hologram is a photographic record of a light field, as opposed to an image generated by a lens. When viewed under diffuse ambient light, the holographic medium, for example, the item formed by a holographic process (which may be referred to as a hologram), is usually incomprehensible. It is a light field encoding as an interference pattern of differences in the opacity, density, or surface profile of the photographic medium. When properly illuminated, the interference pattern diffracts the light into a precise copy of the original light field, and the objects inside it exhibit visual depth cues such as parallax and perspective that alter realistically with changing viewing angles. That is, the image as seen from various perspectives represents the topic as seen from similar angles. In this respect, holograms are true three-dimensional images rather than just the illusion of depth.

Horizontal symmetric text, by Dieter Jung

The invention of the laser allowed Yuri Denisyuk of the Soviet Union to create the first realistic optical holograms that recorded 3D objects in 1962.

To record the light field, optical holography requires a laser light. Holography used to require high-power and expensive lasers, but nowadays, mass-produced low-cost laser diodes, such as those found on DVD recorders and used in other common applications, can be used to create holograms, making holography much more accessible to low-budget researchers, artists, and dedicated hobbyists. A microscopic level of detail can be reproduced throughout the recorded picture. The 3D image, on the other hand, may be viewed using non-laser light. In practice, however, significant image quality sacrifices are required to eliminate the requirement for laser light to view, and in some situations, to create, the hologram. To avoid the dangerous high-powered pulsed lasers required to optically freeze moving people as perfectly as the extremely motion-intolerant holographic recording method requires, holographic portraiture frequently resorts to a non-holographic intermediary imaging procedure. Holograms can now be totally computer-generated, displaying things or scenes that did not previously exist. The majority of holograms created are of static objects, although technologies for displaying moving sceneries on a holographic volumetric display are now being researched.

Holography differs from lenticular and other prior autostereoscopic 3D display technologies, which generate comparable results but are based on conventional lens imaging. Visions that necessitate the use of special glasses or other intermediate optics, stage illusions such as Pepper's Ghost, and other strange, perplexing, or seemingly miraculous images are sometimes mislabeled as holograms.

It also differs from specular holography, a technique for creating three-dimensional images by regulating the movement of specularities on a two-dimensional surface. It operates by manipulating bundles of light rays in a reflecting or refractive manner, rather than by employing interference and diffraction.

Holography is also used with many other types of waves.

How it works

Recording a hologram

Reconstructing a hologram

A snapshot of a small portion of an unbleached transmission hologram examined under a microscope is shown here. The hologram captured images of a toy van and an automobile. It is impossible to tell what the subject of the hologram is from this pattern, just as it is impossible to tell what music has been recorded by glancing at the surface of a CD. The speckle pattern records the holographic information.

Holography is a technique that allows a light field (often the result of a light source scattered off objects) to be captured and then reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present due to the absence of the original items. However, it is even more comparable to Ambisonic sound recording in that the reproduction can reproduce any listening angle of a sound field.

Laser

The hologram is recorded using a laser light source that is exceedingly pure in color and orderly in composition in laser holography. Various setups and holograms can be created, but all entail the interaction of light coming from opposite directions and forming a minuscule interference pattern that a plate, film, or other medium photographically records.

In one common configuration, the laser beam is split into two halves, one of which is known as the object beam and the other as the reference beam. The object beam is magnified by passing it through a lens before being utilized to illuminate the subject. The recording media is placed where the light will strike it after being reflected or scattered by the subject. The medium's margins will eventually function as a window through which the topic may be seen, so their placement is chosen with this in mind. The reference beam is widened and directed at the medium, where it interacts with the light from the subject to produce the desired interference pattern.

Holography, like traditional photography, necessitates a suitable exposure time in order to properly impact the recording medium. Unlike traditional photography, the light source, optical elements, recording medium, and subject must all remain immobile relative to each other during the exposure, to within about a quarter of the wavelength of the light, or the interference pattern will be smeared and the hologram ruined. That is only achievable with living beings and some fragile materials if a very intense and extremely brief pulse of laser light is employed, a risky process that is rarely done outside of scientific and industrial laboratory settings. Exposures of several seconds to several minutes are typical, with a much lower-powered continually functioning laser.

Apparatus

A hologram can be created by shining a portion of the light beam directly into the recording media and the other portion onto the object so that some of the dispersed light falls into the recording medium. A more adaptable arrangement for recording a hologram necessitates directing the laser beam through a succession of devices that alter it in various ways. The first component is a beam splitter, which divides the beam into two identical beams pointing in opposite directions:

One beam (referred to as the 'illumination' or 'object beam') is spread out by lenses and focused onto the scene by mirrors. Some of the scattered (reflected) light from the scene then falls onto the recording medium.

The second beam (dubbed the reference beam) is also dispersed using lenses, but it is focused so that it does not come