Basics of Communication & Astronomy: APTMU Books, #1

By Suvarnalatha Shenoy and Atul Bhat

This book has been self-published by the 'Association of Physics Teachers of Mangalore University' (APTMU), for the benefit of the students of Mangalore University who opt for the Physics paper in the 4th semester of their under-graduate course. This book is also meant to help anyone who is interested in learning basic electronics and astronomy.

Authors:
Prof. Suvarnalatha Shenoy, Sri Bhuvanendra College, Karkala
Mr. Atul Bhat, Poornaprajna College, Udupi.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Atul Bhat
• Release date: May 1, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201635299

Book preview

PREFACE

We are extremely happy to bring out the study material for the IV semester Bachelor degree course. The contents are prepared according to the new syllabus prescribed by the Mangalore University. Question bank is included in the book itself at the end of each unit. It is the combined effort of the members of Association of Physics Teachers of Mangalore University. APTMU has been doing this work to help the students and teachers and as a result the percentage of passes has improved, scoring percentage has increased and ambiguity is removed in the teaching learning and evaluation process. The list of staff members who worked in the preparation of this book is given below.

This study material was compiled under the supervision of Dr A.P. Radhakrishna and Dr. Indira J and Prof. Venkatesh Bhat. We thank all the staff members who are involved in the preparation and discussion of this study material. We are thankful to Dr. A. P. Radhakrishna, Prof. Shailaja & Prof. Venkatesh Bhat for taking the responsibility of distribution of the books to all the colleges. Suggestions for improvement are welcome.

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Unit I

IV SEMESTER B.Sc. ELECTIVE PAPER

BSCPHOE 283: BASICS OF COMMUNICATION & ASTRONOMY

(2 hrs/week; Total 24 hrs)

Electronic communication (12 hrs)

Definition, Revolution in electronic communication- Telegraphy, telephony, radio, TV, optical fiber, satellite communication, audio signal, video signal (AF, RF, UHF, VHF) signals.

Transducers- microphones, loudspeakers, Advantages of optical fiber communication, satellite communication, Antenna-Receiving antenna, transmitting antenna, Types of communication - short distance communication (AM, FM),

Applications: Applications of optical fibre communication and satellite communication.

Unit II

Basic Astronomy (12 hrs)

Brief History of Astronomy: Geocentric Model of the Universe, Heliocentric model of Copernicus, Kepler’s Laws, Newton’s law of gravitation, Galileo and new astronomy. Spectra of light, Reflection and refraction of light, Basic principle of telescope, Types of telescopes – Optical, IR, Gamma ray, X- ray and Radio telescopes.

Solar system: Birth and evolution of solar system. Sun and its structure (mass, radius, size, density, temperature), photosphere, chromosphere, corona, sun spots and sun spot cycle.

Evolution of the earth, Structure of the earth (interior of the earth, mass, size and density, atmosphere, seasonal variation, magnetic field) Moon – structure of the moon (distance from the earth, mass, size, density, atmosphere, phases of the moon).

Exploration of the moon. Eclipses – solar and lunar.

Stars : Birth, life and death of stars – life cycle of stars – Proto star to black hole. Universe: Origin and evolution of the universe. Expanding universe. Concept of Dark matter and dark energy.

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References Books:

Electronic Communication, 4th Edn.- Kennedy & Davis

Electronic Communication, 6th Edn – Miller & Beasle

Introduction to Astrophysics, BaidyanathBasu, Prentis Hall Publication (1997)

Astronomy – The Evolution of Universe, Michel Zeilik, John Weiley& Sons (1988)

The complete Idiot’s Guide to Astronomy, Christopher De Pree and Alan Axelrod,  Pearson (2001)

Basic Electronics

Electronic Communication

Communication:

Definition: Communication is simply the transferring information from one place, person or group to another. Every communication involves (at least) one sender, a message and a recipient. But the real.

Revolution in electronic communication:

Electronic communication is the meaningful exchange of information at a distance by technological means, particularly through electrical signals or electromagnetic waves.

Example: Transmitting information through e-mail, telephone, video calling, FAX machine etc.

In ancient day communication was done using Morse code in the telegraphs. Afterward, the wired telephone, the TV & the wireless radio was invented by the electronic industry. But at present, the information can be shared easily with each other at any place and anytime using e-communication. But  the  real  electronics revolution came in the 1960s with the integration of transistors and other semiconductor devices. Use of satellites and fibre optics has made communications even more widespread, with an increasing emphasis on computer and other data communications.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Actor_portraying_Alexander_Graham_Bell_in_an_AT%26T_promotional_film_%281926%29.jpg

Actor portraying Alexander Graham Bell in a 1926 silent film. Shows Bell's first telephone transmitter (microphone), invented 1876 and first displayed at the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia.

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Antonio Meucci, 1854, constructed telephone-like devices.

Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876.

Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone using a water microphone in Highland Park, Illinois

Tivadar Puskás proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876

Telegraphy (Transmission through wires)

Samuel F.B. Morse, who developed an electric telegraph (1832–35).

A telegraph works by transmitting electrical signals over wires. A telegraph has both a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is the telegraph or transmission  key.  Wires  connect  the  transmitter  and  receiver.  The  Morse