A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words Based on Indo-European Roots: Volume I (A-G)

By Edward A. Roberts

This work traces the etymologies of the entries to their earliest sources, shows their kinship to both Spanish and English, and organizes them into families of words in an Appendix of Indo-European roots. Entries are based on those of the Diccionario de la lengua espaola de la Real Academia Espaola.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris US
• Release date: Apr 8, 2014
• ISBN: 9781493191086

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Copyright © 2014 by Edward A. Roberts.

Library of Congress Control Number:   2014905804

ISBN:   Hardcover      978-1-4931-9109-3

             Softcover         978-1-4931-9110-9

             eBook            978-1-4931-9108-6

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Rev. date: 03/31/2014

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Contents

Preface

Works Consulted

Abbreviations

A

B

C

Ch

D

E

F

G

Preface

The purpose of this dictionary is to trace the etymologies of the Spanish entries to their earliest sources, to show kinships of these entries throughout the work to both Spanish and English, and to organize where applicable the entries into families of words in an Appendix of roots. These roots are primarily Indo-European (IE). IE roots are hypothetical reproductions which gave rise to vocabulary in different Indo-European languages such as Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranian, Italic and Persian.

It is not the purpose of this dictionary to include all words in Spanish. Many scientific words (medical, botanical, anatomical, linguistic, philosophical etc.) are omitted, as well as certain adjectives which are formed from the past particles of verbs, and most adverbs ending in –mente when formed from an adjective and the meaning is obvious, such as felizmente from feliz.

Nor is its purpose to list all English meanings of the entries.

Entries are based on those of the Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española (DRAE). Regionalisms (such as Andalusian, Murcian, Leonese, Canarian etc.) are not included. Obsolete words or words not used in the past 300 years, words which the DRAE lists as little used, are not included. Words from Spanish America are included if they are used throughout the Spanish-speaking world, such as chocolate. Words used only in a specific region (as Central America) or a particular country (such as Chile, Argentina or Colombia) are generally omitted.

Where applicable, the main entries are traced to IE roots found in the Appendix. For example:

abete m. hook for holding cloth while cutting it. [Fr. happette: id. <happe: a seizing <happer: to grab happen: to grasp, bite. See *kap- in App. Akin to Sp. captar, E. have.]

A few entries can be traced to an IE root, but have no cognates from other languages. In this case reference is made in Italics to an IE root not found in the Appendix. For example:

ucase m. ukase. [Fr. ukase: id. ukaz: order <ukazatí: to decree <u-: at, to (see *au-¹ in App.) + kazat: to show kwek-: to show.]

An asterisk indicates a hypothetical form.

The term akin indicates sharing a common origin.

All languages are transcribed using the Latin alphabet.

Works Consulted

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 2012. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Barnhart, Robert K., ed. 1988. Chambers Dictionary of Etymology. Edinburgh: Chambers.

Beekes, Robert. 2009. Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden: Brill.

Brodsky, David. 2008. Spanish vocabulary: an etymological approach. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Buck, Carl Darling. 1988. A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Cassell’s Spanish-English, English-Spanish Dictionary. 1978, 19 edition. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co.

Corominas, Joan, & José A. Pascual. 1980-1991 (6 volumes). Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.

Duazat, Albert. 1989. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française. Paris: Larousse.

Ernout A. & A. Meillet, 2001. Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine. Histoire des mots. Paris: Klincksieck.

Gómez de Silva, Guido. 1991. Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky.

Klein, Ernest, 1971. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Elsevier.

Kluge, Friedrich, 201. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. De Gruyter.

Lewis, Charlton T. 1999. Elementary Latin Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press.

Moliner, María. 1998. Diccionario del uso del español. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.

Pianigiani, Ottorino. 1907. Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library.

Pokorny, Julius. 1959. Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch: Set 2 vols. Bern: Francke.

Real Academia Española. 2001. Diccionario de la lengua española. Madrid: Espasa Calpa.

Roberts, Edward A. and Bárbara Pastor. 2001. Diccionario etimológico indoeuropeo de la lengua española. Madrid: Editorial Alianza.

Watkins, Calvert, ed. 2000. The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. 2002 Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster.

Abbreviations

A

a (1) f. 1st letter of the Sp. alphabet. [L. a: id., poss.

a (2) (prep.) to, toward; at, by. [L. ad: id. From IE. *ad-: to, near, at.]

a- (1) a prefix used with nouns, adjectives or verbs to form new nouns, adjectives or verbs. [L. ad. See prec.]

a- (2) combining form meaning not, without. [Gk. a(na)-: not (before consonants), an (before vowels). See *ne in App.]

ab-, abs- combining form meaning from or away. [L. ab: id. See *apo- in App.]

aba (1) f. an absolute unit of lineal measure, about 6 feet. [OU.]

¡aba! (2) interj. beware! [L. apage: id. apage, imper. of apagein: to carry off, a blend of apo- & agein: to lead. In Ancient Greek, an exclamation of annoyance: Away with you! Damn you! In the Middle Ages it was used in exorcism, and is still used in the Catholic exorcism. See agogía.]

ababa f. poppy. [Back-formation from ababol.]; ababol m. poppy. [Mozar. happapáwr(a): id. papāver, with infl. of Ar. habb: seeds. See *pap-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. amapola, E. pimple.]

abacá m. abaca, manila hemp. [Tag. abaka: id.]; abacal a. rel. to abaca; abacalero, ra m. & f. a person who cultivates or trades abaca.

abacería f. retail grocery story; abacero, ra m. & f. grocer. [Prob. <haba: broad bean, one of the articles first sold in this kind of` store faba: id. See *bha-bhā- in App. Akin to Sp. haba, E. bean. Poss.

abacial a. abbatial. [LL. abbātiālis: id. <abbās. See abad.]

ábaco m. abacus. [L. abacus: id. abax, abakos: a dust-covered board on which one could draw to make mathematical calculations, poss. ābhāq: dust.]

abad m. abbot. [LL. abbātem: id., acc. of abbās abbā, abbās abbā: title of honor, lit. the father, my father, emphatic of ābh: father. Akin to Ar. abu: father, common in personal names such as Abraham, Barrabas, Ahab *ab-: father.]

abada f. rhinoceros. [Port. abada: id. bādaq: id.]

abadejo m. (ichth.) cod; (orn.) kinglet; Spanish fly. [Dim. of abad. Semantic development unclear.]; abadengo, ga a. abbatial.

abadernar t. (naut.) to tie down with ropes. [a- (1) + baderna.]

abadesa f. abbess. [LL. abbātissa: id. <abbātia.]; abadía f. abbey. [LL. abbātia: id. <abbās, abbātis: abbot. See abad.]; abadiado ≈ abadiato m. abbey.

abajadero m. downhill slope; abajamiento m. a depression; abajar t. & i. to lower. [a- (1) + bajar.]; abajeño, ña a. (Amer.) said of lowland; abajero m. slope; abajo adv. down, under. [a- (1) + bajo.]

abalanzar t. to balance; to throw. r. to throw oneself forward. [a- (1) + balanza.]. Semantic development is prob. from the accelerated motion of the scale when the equilibrium is broken.

abalaustrado, da a. baluster-shaped. [a- (1) + balaustrado.]

abaldonar t. to debase. [a- (1) + baldón.]

abaleador, ra m. & f. grain separator; abaleaduras f. pl. siftings, chaff; abalear (1) t. to separate grain from chaff. [a- (1) + baleo.]

abalear (2) t. to shoot; abaleo (1) m. a shooting. [a- (1) + bala.]

abaleo (2) m. a separating of grain. [From abalear (1).]

abalizamiento m. buoy laying; abalizar t. to lay buoys. [a- (1) + baliza.]

abalorio m. glass bead. [Ar. al-ballūri: the crystalline one <ballūr: crystal bērullos: beryl (with metath.) <brullion vēruliya. See berilo.]

abalsamado, da a. like balsam. [a- (1) + bálsamo.]; abalsamar t. to give the consistency of balsam.

abaluartar t. to fortify with bastions. [a- (1) + baluarte.]

aballar (1) t. to move, carry off. [OU. Poss. akin to bailar; poss. ad vallem: toward the valley. See valle.]

aballar (2) t. (paint.) to tone down the colors of a painting. [It. abbagliare: to lower, deaden <a- (1) + VL. *bassiāre: to descend bassus: low. See bajo.]

aballestar t. (naut.) to tighten a rope. [a- (1) + ballesta.]

abanar t. to fan. [Port. abanar: to winnow ad: to (see a- (1)) + vannus: winnowing fan. See *wē- in App. Akin to Sp. vate, E. fan.]

abancalar t. to form terraces. [a- (1) + bancal.]

abanderado m. standard bearer; abanderamiento m. registration; abanderar t. (naut.) to register a ship; (politics) to join a party; abanderizador, ra m. & f. ringleader; abanderizar t. to organize into bands. [a- (1) + bandera.]

abandonado, da a. abandoned; abandonamiento m. abandonment; abandonar t. to abandon. [OFr. abandoner: id. <(laissez) a bandon: (to leave) in (someone’s) power <a-: at (see a- (1)) + bandon: power, control <ban: proclamation *bannan: to speak in public, to proclaim under decree. See *bhā-² in App. Akin to Sp. banal, E. banish.]; abandonismo m. defeatism; abandonista a. m. & f. defeatist; abandono m. abandonment.

abanicar t. to fan; r. to fan oneself. [From abanar.]; abanicazo m. blow with a fan; abanico m. fan. [Dim. of Port. abano: id. <abanar: to winnow. See abanar.]; abanillo ≈ abanino m. pleated collar; ruffle. [Dim. of abano.]; abaniqueo m. fanning movement; abaniquería f. fan shop or factory; abaniquero, ra m. & f. fan maker or dealer; abano m. hanging fan.

abanto m. Egyptian vulture; (coll.) timid or clumsy person. [Poss. *ad-vannitāre: to winnow, blow (comparing the movements of the bird to winnowing) vannus: winnowing fan, sieve. See abanar.]; abañar t. to grade (seeds etc.) by passing through a sieve. [L. *evannāre: id. <e- + vannus.]

abaratador, ra a. that cheapens; abaratamiento m. a cheapening; abaratar t. to make cheap. [a- (1) + barato.]

abarbetar t. to grasp firmly; (mil.) to fortify with barbettes. [a- (1) + barbeta.]

abarbechar t. to plow land for planting. [a- (1) + barbechar.]

abarca f. sandal. [Prob. abarka: id. Akin to alpargata.]

abarcable a. that can be encompassed. [From abarcar.]

abarcado, da a. using sandals. [From abarca.]

abarcador, ra a. embracing; m. & f. one who embraces; abarcadura f. ≈ abarcamiento m. an embracing; abarcar t. to encompass. [VL. *abracchicāre: to embrace ad: to (see a- (1)) + bracchium: arm. See brazo.]; abarcón m. iron clamp or ring.

abareque ≈ albareque

abaritonado, da a. said of a baritone voice. [a- (1) + barítono.]

abarloar t. to bring (a ship) alongside a wharf. [a- (1) + barloar.]

abarquero, ra m. & f. maker or seller of sandals. [From abarca.]

abarquillado, da a. curled up; abarquillamiento m. act of curling up; abarquillarse r. to curl up, warp. [a- (1) + barquilla.]

abarracar i. (mil.) to encamp in huts or cabins. [a- (1) + barraca.]

abarrado, da a. corded or striped (material). [a (1) + barra.]

abarraganado, da a. living in concubinage; abarraganamiento m. concubinage; abarraganarse r. to live together (as man and wife). [a- (1) + barragana.]

abarrajar t. to attack, overwhelm. [From abarrar.]

abarramiento m. a hurling. [From abarrar.]

abarrancadero m. tight spot, gorge; abarrancado, da a. stranded; abarrancar t. to form gullies or ditches; i. (naut.) to run aground. [a- (1) + barranca.]

abarrar t. to hurl, shake. [Prob. var. of abarrer.]

abarraz m. lousewort. [Ar. hább arrás: grain or seed.]

abarrenar t. to drill. [a (1) + barrenar.]

abarradera f. broom; abarrer t. to sweep away completely. [a (1) + barrer.]

abarrotado, da a. packed; abarrotar t. to pack; abarrote m. (naut.) small package for stowing or filling up. [a- (1) + barrote, a naut. term referring to bars (and later any object, esp. food packages) placed in empty spaces in the hold to secure stowage, whence abarrotes.]; abarrotería f. grocery store; abarrotero m. (Amer.) grocer; abarrotes m. pl. groceries, supplies.

abarse r. (defective verb used only in the inf. and 2nd person sing) to move aside. [From ¡aba!]

abastamiento ≈ abastecimiento; abastar t. to supply. [a- (1) + bastar.]

abastardar i. to degenerate. [a (1) + bastardo.]

abastecedor, ra m. & f. supplier; abastecer t. to supply. [abasto + -ecer.]; abastecimiento m. provision.

abastionado, da a. protected by bastions; abastionar t. to provision with bastions. [a- (1) + bastión.]

abasto m. supply. [From abastar.]

abatanar t. (weav.) to full. [a- (1) + batán.]

abate m. abbé. [It. abate: id. abbātem. See abad.]

abatible a. folding, reclining (as a chair); abatidero m. drain trench; abatido, da a. dejected; abatidura f. sudden descent of a bird of prey on its quarry; abatimiento m. depression; abatir t. to knock down. [a- (1) + batir.]

abayado, da a. berry-like. [a- (1) + baya.]

abazón m. (zool.) cheek pouch. [Fr. abajoue: id. <bajoue: jowl <joue: cheek *gauta: id. <*gabita gaba: gorge, jaw. Akin to E. jaw.]

abdicación f. abdication. [LL. abdicātiōnem: id., acc. of abdicātiō abdicātus, pp. of abdicāre.]; abdicar t. to abdicate. [L. abdicāre: to disown, lit. to announce away (as not belonging to someone) ab- + dicāre: to proclaim. See *deik- in App. Akin to Sp. predicar, E. dedicate.]; abdicativo, va a. abdicating.

abdomen m. abdomen. [L. abdōmen: belly, poss. referring to a hidden part (concealed by proper dress, or concealment of the viscera) <*abdemen <abdere: to hide + -dere: to put. See *dhē-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. bodega, E. abscond.]; abdominal a. abdominal.

abducción f. abduction. [LL. abductiōnem: id., acc. of abductiō: a leading away abductus, pp. of abdūcere: to lead away : to lead. See duque.]; abducir t. (math.) to abduce; abductor, ra a. abducent; m. abductor.

abecé m. the alphabet – from the first three letters of the Sp. alphabet. [Cp. E. alphabet, from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: alpha, beta.]; abecedario m. alphabet; primer. [ML. abecedārium from the names of the letters A B C D + -ario.]

abedul m. (bot.) birch. [L. betula: id. *betu-: birch tree. See *gwet-¹ in App. The initial a is due to the infl. of Sp. abeto. Akin to Sp. betún, E. bitumen.]

abeja f. bee. [L. apicula, dim. of apis: bee. OU. Akin to Sp. apio, E. apiary.]; abejar m. apiary; abejarrón m. bumblebee; abejaruco m. (orn.) bee-eater; abejera f. apiary; abejero m. beekeeper; abejón m. drone; abejorrejear i. to buzz (as bees and other insects); abejorreo m. buzzing; abejorro m. bumblebee; abejuno, na a. rel. to bees.

abeldar t. to winnow. [a- (1) + beldar.]

abelmosco m. abelmosk. [NL. abelmoschus: id. abū l-musk: source of the musk <abū: father (see abad) + l: the + musk: musk mushk muska: testicle, lit. a little mouse. See almizcle.]

abellacado, da a. knavish; abellacarse r. to become a knave. [a- (1) + bellaco.]

abellota ≈ bellota; abellotado, da a. acorn-shaped; abellotar t. to shape like an acorn. [a- (1) + bellota.]

abemolar t. (mus.) to put in a minor key; to lower (the voice). [a- (1) + bemol.]

abenuz m. ebony. [Ar. abnus: id. ebenos: ebony tree. See ébano.]

aberenjenado, da a. of the color or shape of the eggplant; aberenjenar t. to make the color of eggplant. [a- (1) + berenjena.]

aberración f. aberration. [L. aberrātiōnem: id., acc. of aberrātiō <aberrātus, pp. of aberrāre.]; aberrante a. aberrant. [L. aberrantem, acc. of aberrāns, prp. of aberrāre.]; aberrar i. to err. [L. aberrāre, to go astray + errāre: to stray. See errar.]

abertal a. said of soil easily cracked during a drought; m. an open field; abertura f. opening. [L. apertura: id. <apertus: open, pp. of aperīre: to open. See abrir.]

aberzale a. & m. (said of a) Basque nationalist. [Basque abertzale: patriot.]

abesón m. (bot.) dill. [Poss. <veza.]

abestiado, da a. beast-like; abestiarse r. to become a beast. [a- (1) + bestia.]

abéstola f. a long spiked stick to prod oxen. [From béstola.]

abetal ≈ abetar m. fir grove. [From abeto.]

abete m. hook for holding cloth while cutting it. [Fr. happette: id. <happe: a seizing <happer: to grab happen: to grasp, bite. See *kap- in App. Akin to Sp. captar, E. have.]

abético, ca a. rel. to the fir tree; abetinote m. fir rosin. [L. abietīnus: id. <abietis.]; abeto m. fir tree. [Cat. abet abiēs, abietis: silver fir. OU. Akin to Sp. pinabete, E. abietic.]; abetuna f. fir-tree sprout.

abetunado, da a. dark skinned; abetunar t. to polish. [a- (1) + betún.]

abia f. (bot.) blueberry. [From Basque.]

abiar m. a tinctorial plant of the thistle family. [Ar. al-bihār: daffodil. See albihar.]

abibollo ≈ ababol

abierto, ta a. open. [L. apertus: open, pp. of aperīre: to open. See abrir.]

abietáceo, cea ≈ abietíneo, nea a. referring to the fir tree; abietino, na a. referring to the resin of the fir tree. [L. abietīnus. See abetinote.]

abigarrado, da a. multicolored; abigarramiento m. variegation; abigarrar t. to paint with motley colors. [a- (1) + bigarrado.]

abigeato m. cattle stealing. [L. abigeātus: id. <abigere: to take or lead away (cattle) <ab- + agere: to drive. See acto.]; abigeo m. cattle thief.

abigotado, da a. having a mustache. [a (1) + bigote.]

abintestato m. legal adjudication of an intestate estate. [ab- + L. intestātus <in- (2) + testātus: testate testārī: to make a will. See testar (1).]

abiogénesis f. spontaneous generation. [a- (2) + -bio- + -génesis.]; abiótico, ca a. abiotic.

abisagrar t. to affix hinges to. [a- (1) + bisagra (2).]

abisal a. abysmal. [From LL. abyssus: abyss abussos: bottomless. See abismo.]

abiselar t. to bevel. [a- (1) + biselar.]

abismado, da a. absorbed; abismal a. abysmal; abismar t. to cast down; abismo m. abysm. [VL. *abissimus, alter. of LL. abyssus abussos: bottomless <a- (2) + bussos: bottom. The m in *abissimus is due to the infl. of nouns ending in L. -ismus: ism. See *gwadh- in App. Akin to Sp. batimetría, E. bathos.]

abitadura f. (naut.) a turn of a cable around bitts. [From abitar.]

abitaque m. (arch.) beam. [Prob. tabaq: id.]

abitar t. (naut.) to bitt. [a- (1) + bita.]; bitón m. a large bitt.

abizcochado, da a. biscuit-like. [a- (1) + bizcocho.]

abjuración f. recantation. [LL. abiūrātiōnem: id., acc. of abiūrātiō abiūrātus, pp. of abiūrāre.]; abjurar t. to abjure, renounce under oath. [L. abiūrāre: id. : to swear. See jurar.]

ablación f. ablation. [LL. ablātiōnem: a taking away, acc. of ablātiō ablātus, pp. of auferre: to take away. See ablativo (1).]

ablandabrevas m. & f. (coll.) good-for- nothing (referring to a person who was firm on a position at first, and was later softened up through persuasion). [ablandar + breva.]; ablandador, ra a. softening; ablandahigos m. & f. (fig. & coll.) good-for-nothing. [From higo.]; ablandamiento m. softening; ablandante a. softening; ablandar t. to soften; i. to calm down (wind); r. to soften. [a- (1) + blando.]; ablandativo, va a. mollifying.

ablativo (1) m. ablative. [L. (cāsus) ablātīvus: designating a grammatical case expressing removal, distance, source, cause, agent <ablātus, pp. of auferre: to take away <au-: away + ferre: to carry. See *au-¹ in App. & -lato.]; ablativo, va (2) a. rel. to ablation. [L. ablātīvus: id.]

ablegado m. a papal envoy on a special mission. [L. ablēgātus: id. <ab- + lēgātus, pp. of lēgāre: to depute. See legar.]

ablentar t. to winnow grain. [a- (1) + sync. of vent’lare (with metath. of the l) ventilāre: to brandish in the air, to fan. See beldar.]

ablución f. ablution. [L. ablūtiōnem: id., acc. of ablūtiō: act of purification through water <ablūtus, pp. of abluere: to wash away + luere: to wash. Orig. the term ablution was used in alchemy and chemistry to mean purification by using liquids. See *leu(ə)- in App. Akin to Sp. diluir, E. latrine.]

ablusado, da a. referring to a bodice loose like a blouse. [a- (1) + blusa.]

abnegación f. abnegation. [LL. abnegātiōnem: id., acc. of abnegātiō abnegātus, pp. of abnegāre.]; abnegado, da a. self denying; abnegar t. to renounce. [L. abnegāre: to deny. See <ab- + negar.]

abobado, da a. dimwitted; abobamiento m. silliness; abobar t. to make stupid. [a- (1) + bobo.]

abobra f. a kind of gourd. [ML. apoperes: id. OU.]

abocado, da a. destined to; mild, smooth (wine); m. a dry sweet wine; abocamiento m. a bringing near; abocar t. to take into one’s mouth; to bring nearer. [a- (1) + boca.]

abocardado, da a. horn-shaped; abocardar t. to shape like a horn. [a- (1) + bocarda.]

abocardo m. augur. [a- (1) + Fr. bocard: a hammer to crush ores Pochhammer: id. <pochen: to knock, rap (of UO., akin to E. poke) + Hammer: hammer (*hamaraz: id. – see *ak- in App.). Akin to bocarte (2).]

abocelado, da a. (arch.) having the form of a cylindrical molding. [a- (1) + bocel.]

abocetado, da a. sketchy; abocetamiento m. act of abocetar; abocetar t. to make a rough sketch of. [a- (1) + boceto.]

abocinado, da a. trumpet-shaped; abocinamiento m. trumpet shape; abocinar (1) t. to shape like a trumpet. [a- (1) + bocina.]

abocinar (2) i. (coll.) to fall on one’s face. [Prob. a deriv. of bozo. Cp. (de) bruces ≈ buces.]

abochornado, da a. embarrassed; abochornar t. to stifle; to embarrass; r. to feel embarrassed. [a- (1) + bochorno.]

abofeteador, ra a. slapping; m. & f. slapper; abofetear t. to slap. [a- (1) + OSp. bofete: slap. See bofetada.]

abogacía f. legal profession. [ML. advocātia: id. advocātus.]; abogadesco, ca ≈ abogadil a. rel. to lawyer; abogadismo m. excessive intervention by lawyers; abogado, da m. & f. lawyer. [L. advocātus: legal assistant advocāre.]; abogar i. to plead. [L. advocāre: to summon <ad: to (see a- (1)) + vocāre: to call. See *wekw- in App. Akin to Sp. épico, E. voice.]

abohetado, da a. swollen. [Blend of abuhado & abotagarse.]

abolengo m. ancestry. [From abol-, base of abuela. Orig. abolengo was a term referring to goods inherited from grandparents (abuelos).]

abolición f. abolition. [L. abolitiōnem: id., acc. of abolitiō <abolitus, pp. of abolēre.]; abolicionismo m. abolitionism; abolicionista a. m. & f. abolitionist; abolir t. to abolish. [L. abolēre: id. <ab- + alere: to nourish. See *al-³ in App. Akin to Sp. alto (1), E. elder.]

abolorio m. ancestry. [Older var. of abolengo.]

abolsado, da a. baggy; abolsarse r. to become shaped like a bag. [a- (1) + bolsa.]

abolladura f. a dent; an embossing; abollar t. to dent; to shape like a bun; to emboss; abollón m. a large (ornamented) stud; abollonar t. to emboss. [a- (1) + bollo.]

abomaso m. abomasum, the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. [NL. abomasum: id. + L. omāsum: bullock’s tripe. Prob. omaso.]

abombado, da (1) a. (coll.) stunned. [From abombar (2).]

abombado, da (2) a. convex; abombamiento m. a making convex; abombar (1) t. to make convex. [a- (1) + bomba (1) – in analogy of the shape of a bomb.]; abombar (2) t. to deafen.

abominable a. abominable; abominación f. abomination. [L. abōminātiōnem: id., acc. of abōminātiō <abōminātus, pp. of abōminārī.]; abominar t. to loathe. [L. abōminārī: to regard as an evil omen <ab- + ōmen, -inis: omen. OU. Akin to Sp. ominoso, E. omen.]

abonable a. payable; abonado, da (1) a. reliable; abonado, da (2) m. & f. subscriber; abonador, ra m. & f. guarantor. [From abonar (1).]

abonanzar i. to grow calm. [a- (1) + bonanza.]

abonar (1) t. to subscribe; to vouch for; to pay. [Fr. abonner: id. <a- (1) + bourne: boundary bodne id. bodina: id. See muñeca.]

abonar (2) t. to fertilize. [From abono (2).]

abonaré m. promissory note. [1st pers. sing. fut. of abonar (1).]; abono (1) m. payment. [From abonar (1).]

abono (2) m. fertilizer. [a- (1) + L. bonus: good. See bueno.]

aboquillado, da a. (cigarette) filter- tipped; aboquillar t. to put a tip on something. [a- (1) + boca.]

aboral a. opposite to or away from the mouth. [ab- + oral.]

abordable a. approachable; abordador, ra a. boarding; abordaje m. a boarding; abordar t. (naut.) to board; i. to put into port. [a- (1) + Sp. bordo, var. of borde bord: edge, side of a boat burd-: a plank. See borde (1).]

aborigen a. aboriginal; m. pl. aborigines. [L. Aborīginēs: original inhabitants (folk etymology of a Pre-Roman tribal name) <ab- + L. orīgine: beginning, abl. of orīgō: beginning. See origen. The tendency to regard Aborīginēs as normal plural produced the form aborigen.]

aborrachado, da a. of a very bright reddish color. [a- (1) + borracho.]

aborrajarse r. (agr.) to dry prematurely, referring to grains. [a- (1) + borrajo.]

aborrascarse r. to become stormy. [a- (1) + borrasca.]

aborrecedor, ra a. hating; m. & f. hater; aborrecer t. to hate, loathe. [LL. abhorrescere: to bristle, shudder, inchoat. of L. abhorrēre: to shrink away from ab- + horrēre: to bristle, shudder. See horror. In the Middle Ages, this was synonymous with aburrir: to bore. There was no difference between aburrirse y aborrecer until the XVI century.]; aborrecible a. detestable; aborrecimiento m. loathing.

aborregado, da a. fleecy (sky); aborregarse r. to follow slavishly; to cloud over, become fleecy (sky). [a- (1) + borrego.]

abortamiento m. abortion; abortar t. to abort. [L. abortāre: id., freq. of aborīrī, pp. abortus: to abort, to stop from the beginning + orīrī: to rise, begin. See orzar.]; abortero, ra ≈ abortista m. & f. abortionist; abortivo, va a. abortive; aborto m. abortion; abortón m. stillborn animal (mammal).

aborujar t. to make lumps. [a- (1) + borujo.]

abotagamiento m. a swelling; abotagarse ≈ abotargarse r. to swell up. [a- (1) + an older form buétago: lung, prob. bott-: a swelling, prob. imit. Akin to Sp. bofe, E. buff (a blow).]

abotinado, da a. referring to ankle boots. [a- (1) + botín (1).]

abotonador m. buttonhook; abotonadura ≈ botonadura; abotonar t. to button. [a- (1) + botón.]

abovedado, da a. vaulted; abovedar t. to arch, vault. [a- (1) + bóveda.]

aboyado, da a. said of a piece of land which is leased along with oxen. [a- (1) + boyada.]

aboyar (naut.) t. to mark with buoys. [a- (1) + boya.]

abozalar t. to muzzle. [a- (1) + bozo.]

abra f. small bay. [Fr. havre: seaport havene hafnō: a place that holds ships. See *kap- in App. Akin to Sp. caber, E. haven.]

abracadabra m. abracadabra. Orig. this was a mystical word engraved on a charm to ward off illness. On the charm, which was worn around the neck, the word was usually written in the form of a triangle, with A the top line, AB the second line, ABA the third line, etc. [LL. OU.]; abracadabrante a. very surprising.

abracijo m. an embrace. [From abrazo.]

abrasador, ra a. burning; abrasamiento m. a burning; abrasante a. burning; abrasar t. to burn, set fire to; to dry, overheat; i. to burn up. [a- (1) + brasa.]

abrasilado, da a. of the color of brazilwood. [a (1) + brasil.]

abrasión f. abrasion. [ML. abrasiōnem: id., acc. of abrasiō: a wearing away, scraping off <L. abrāsus, pp. of abrādere: to scrape off <ab- + rādere: to scrape, shave. See raer.]; abrasivo, va a. abrasive.

abravecer t. to make courageous. [a- (1) + bravo + -ecer.]

abraxas m. a mystical word used as a charm like abracadabra. [Gk. Abraxas: a mystical number, poss. from the Greek letters alpha, beta, rho, alpha, xi, alpha, sigma, whose numerical value amounts to 365 (alpha = 1, beta = 2, rho = 100, alpha = 1, xi = 60, alpha = 1 and sigma = 200. Poss. the word is an acrostic formed from the initials of certain consecutive Heb. words.]

abrazadera f. bracelet; abrazador, ra a. embracing; m. & f. one who embraces; abrazar t. to embrace; abrazo m. embrace, hug. [a- (1) + brazo.]

abre- combining form meaning opens. [Third person sing. ind. of abrir.]

abreboca f. aperitif. [abre- + boca.]

abrebotellas m. bottle opener. [abre- + botella.]

abrecartas m. letter opener. [abre- + cartas.]

abrecoches m. doorman. [abre- + coches.]

ábrego m. south wind. [L. (ventus) āfricus: (southern or) African (wind). See África.]

abrelatas m. can opener. [abre- + lata.]

abrenuncio m. a term used to indicate rejection. [L. abrenuntiō: I renounce <abrenuntiāre: to renounce ab- + renuntiāre. See renunciar.]

abrepuño m. a kind of thistle whose extremely hard seeds entwine reapers’ sickles, obliging them to use their fists to get rid of them. [abre- + puño.]

abretonar t. to line up the canons on a ship from prow to stern, in imitation of a British maneuver. [a- (1) + bretón (2).]

abrevadero m. water trough; abrevador, ra a. watering; m. & f. one who waters; abrevar t. to water or feed cattle. [OSp. abebrar (with metath.) abbibāre: to water cattle ad: to (see a- (1)) + bibere: to drink. See beber (2).]

abreviación f. abbreviation. [LL. abbreviātiōnem: id., acc. of abbreviātiō abbreviātus, pp. of abbreviāre.]; abreviado, da a. abridged; abreviador, ra a. abbreviating; m. abbreviator, an official of the Roman Chancery in charge of abstracting documents; abreviaduría f. (eccl.) office of the abbreviator; abreviamiento m. ≈ abreviación; abreviar t. to abbreviate. [LL. abbreviāre: to shorten ad: to (see a- (1)) + breviāre: to shorten <brevis: short. See breve.]; abreviatura f. abbreviation. [LL. abbreviātura: id. <abbreviātus, pp. of abbreviāre.]; abreviaturía ≈ abreviaduría.

abribonarse r. to become a rascal. [a (1) + bribón.]

abridero, ra a. easily opened (said of fruit); abridor, ra a. opening; m. can opener; freestone peach; (agr.) grafting knife. [From abrir.]

abrigada f. ≈ abrigadero m. shelter for ships; abrigado, da a. sheltered; m. shelter; abrigador, ra a. sheltering; abrigadura f. overcoat; abrigaño m. shelter for ships, windbreak; abrigar t. to shelter. [LL. aprīcārī: to bask in the sun <aprīcus: exposed to the sun, contract. of aperīcus: id. (lit. lying uncovered) <L. aperīre: to open. The meaning changed from sunning >protecting from the cold by sunning >protecting in general. See abrir.]; abrigo m. shelter, coat; (naut.) haven.

abril m. April. [L. (mēnsis) Aprīlis: April, lit. the month of Aphrodite, poss. Apru, a borrowing Aphrō, a short form of Aphrodītē: the goddess of love and beauty, of Phoen. or.]; abrileño, ña a. rel. to April.

abrillantado, da a. polished; abrillantador, ra a. polishing; f. floor polisher; abrillantar t. to polish, brighten. [a- (1) + brillante.]

abrimiento m. the act of opening. [From abrir.]

abriolar t. (naut.) to put brails on the sails. [a (1) + briol.]

abrir t. to open. [L. aperīre: id. See *wer-⁵ in App. Akin to Sp. abertura, E. apéritif.]

abrochador m. buttonhook; abrochadura ≈ abrochamiento m. buttoning up; abrochar t. to button up, clasp. [a- (1) + broche.]

abrogación f. abrogation. [L. abrogātiōnem: id., acc. of abrogātiō <abrogātus, pp. of abrogāre.]; abrogar t. to abrogate. [L. abrogāre: to annul, repeal a law <ab- + rogāre: to ask (the people about a law). See rogar.]

abrojal m. ground covered with thistles; abrojín m. a large marine snail with barbs; abrojo m. burr, thistle. [Contract. of LL. aperi oculos: open your eyes, a warning called out to someone working in a field covered with thistles aperīre + oculus. See abrir + ojo.]

abroma f. (bot.) a genus of woody plants, the bark of which yields a strong white fiber. [NL. <a- (1) + Gk. brōma: food. See broma (1).]; abromado, da a. eaten by shipworms; abromarse r. to be eaten by shipworms.

abroncar t. (coll.) to vex. [a- (1) + bronca.]

abroquelado, da a. shaped like a shield; abroquelar t. to protect, shield; (naut.) to veer sharply; r. to protect oneself. [a- (1) + broquel.]

abrótano m. (bot.) southernwood. [L. abrotonum: id. abrotonon: id. OU.]

abrotoñar i. to sprout. [a- (1) + a blend of brotar & retoñar.]

abrumador, ra a. overwhelming; m. & f. oppressor; abrumar t. to crush, overwhelm. [a- (1) + bruma, var. of broma (1), because this mollusk can be very destructive to wooden ships.]

abrupción f. a sudden breaking off; the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. [LL. abruptiōnem: id., acc. of abruptiō abruptus.]; abrupto, ta a. abrupt, steep, marked by sudden change. [L. abruptus: broken off, steep, pp. of abrumpere: to break away <ab- + rumpere: to break. See romper.]

abrutado, da a. brutish. [a- (1) + bruto.]

abruzarse r. to face downwards. [a- (1) + bruces.]

absceso m. abscess. [L. abscessus: a going away, departure abcēdere: to go away + cēdere: to go, hence the elimination of infected matter from a swollen area within body tissue through pus. See ceder.]

abscisa f. (math.) abscissa. [NL. (līnea) abscissa: (line) cut off, fem. pp. of L. abscindere: to tear away <ab- + scindere: to split. See escindir.]; abscisión f. incision. [L. abscissiōnem: id., acc. of abscissiō: a cutting off <abscissus, pp. of abscindere.]

absenta f. absinthe. [Cat. absenta: id. absinthium. See absintio.]

absentismo m. absenteeism. [Formed from L. absēns, absentis: absent, prp. of abesse: to be away + esse: to be + -ismo. See ausente.]; absentista a. m. & f. absentee.

ábsida f. (arch.) apse. [L. absis, absīdis (≈ apsis, apsīdis): id. hapsis: a fastening; felloe of a wheel (>E. apsis) : to fasten. See *ap- in App. Akin to Sp. ápside, E. synapse.]; absidal a. rel. to apse; ábside ≈ ábsida.

absintio m. absinthe. [L. absinthium psinthion: wormwood. Poss.

absolución f. absolution. [L. absolūtiōnem: id., acc. of absolūtiō <absolūtus, pp. of absolvere.]; absolutidad f. state of being absolute; absolutismo m. absolutism; absolutista a. m. & f. absolutist; absoluto, ta a. absolute. [L. absolūtus: unrestricted, pp. of absolvere. Sense evolution is from detached, disengaged >perfect, pure.]; absolutorio, ria a. (law) absolving; absolvederas f. pl. readiness to absolve; absolvente a. absolving. [L. absolventem: id., acc. of absolvēns, prp. of absolvere.]; absolver t. to absolve. [L. absolvere: to release, set free; detach <ab- + solvere: to loosen. See soltar.]

absorbencia f. absorbency. [L. absorbentia: id. <absorbentem, acc. of absorbēns, prp. of absorbēre.]; absorbente a. absorbent; absorber t. to absorb. [L. absorbēre: id. <ab- + sorbēre: to suck. See sorber.]; absorbible a. absorbable; absorción f. absorption. [L. absortiōnem: id., acc. of absortiō <absorptus, pp. of absorbēre.]; absortar t. to induce rapture; absorto, ta a. engrossed.

abstemio, mia a. abstemious. Technically said of liquor, but extended to moderation in eating and drinking. [L. abstēmius: id. <abs- + tēmum, var. of tēmētum: an intoxicating drink. See *temə- in App. Akin to Sp. tiniebla, E. temerity.]

abstención f. abstention. [L. abstentiōnem: id., acc. of abstentiō <abstentus, pp. of abstinēre.]; abstencionismo m. abstentionism; abstenerse r. to abstain. [L. abstinēre: id. <abs- + tenēre: to hold. See tener.]

abstergente m. (med.) a cleansing. [L. abstergentem: id. abstergēns, prp. of abstergēre.]; absterger t. to cleanse. [L. abstergēre: to wipe away <abs- + tergēre, pp. tersus: to cleanse. See terso.]; abstersión f. a cleansing. [Fr. abstersion: id. abstersus.]; absterviso, sa a. cleansing.

abstinencia f. abstinence. [L. abstinentia: id. <abstinentem, acc. of abstinēns, prp. of abstinēre. See abstenerse.]; abstinente a. abstinent.

abstracción f. abstraction. [LL. abstractiōnem: id., acc. of abstractiō abstractus, pp. of abstrahere.]; abstractivo, va a. abstractive; abstracto, ta a. abstract; abstraer t. to abstract, consider apart. [L. abstrahere: to draw away <abs- + trahere: to draw. See traer.]; abstraído, da a. abstracted.

abstruso, sa a. abstruse. [L. abstrūsus: hidden, pp. of abstrūdere: to hide <abs- + trūdere: to push. See *treud- in App. Akin to Sp. intruso, E. protrude.]

absuelto, ta a. absolved. [Pp. of absolver.]

absurdidad f. absurdity. [L. absurditātem, acc. of absurditās: incongruity <absurdus.]; absurdo, da a. absurd. [L. absurdus: incongruous, senseless <ab- + surdus: deaf, mute, and by extension irrational. See sordo.]

abubilla f. hoopoe. [L. *ūpupella, dim. of ūpupa: hoopoe. See upupa.]

abuchear t. to boo; abucheo m. a booing. [Prob. imit. Cp. ¡hucho!]

abuela f. grandmother. [VL. *aviola: id., dim. of L. avia: grandmother <avus: grandfather. See *awo- in App. Akin to Sp. abolengo, E. avuncular.]; abuelastra f. stepgrandmother; abuelastro m. stepgrandfather. [From -astro.]; abuelo m. grandfather; (fig.) tuft of hair on the nape of a woman’s neck. [VL. *aviolus: id., which is not directly derived from avus, but rather formed as a parallel to *aviola.]

abuhado, da a. swollen. [Prob. bott-: a swelling. See abotagarse.]

abuhardillado, da a. like a garret. [a- (1) + buhardilla.]

abujardar t. to work with a bujarda. [a- (1) + bujarda.]

abulaga f. a thorny plant. [Ar. yawlaq: id. Akin to Sp. aulaga.]; abulagar ≈ aulagar.

abulia f. lack of willpower. [NL. abouliā: id. <a- (2) + boulē: determination. See *gwelə-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. balista, E. hyperbole.]; abúlico, ca a. weak-willed.

abulón m. abalone. [From Costanoan aūlun: red abalone. E. abalone

abultado, da a. bulging; abultamiento m. bulkiness; abultar t. to enlarge; i. to be bulky. [a- (1) + bulto.]

abullonar t. to adorn cloth with puffs or bosses. [a- (1) + bullón (1).]

abundamiento m. abundancia f. abundance. [L. abundantia: id. <abundantem, acc. of abundāns, prp. of abundāre.]; abundante a. abundant; abundar i. to abound. [L. abundāre: to overflow <ab- + undāre: to flow <unda: wave, which connotes surging growth and movement. See onda.]; abundoso, sa a. abundant.

abuñolado, da a. fritter-shaped; abuñolar t. to shape like a fritter. [a- (1) + buñuelo.]; abuñuelado ≈ abuñolado; abuñuelar ≈ abuñolar.

¡abur! (interj.) so long! [Orig. agur agur: id., prob. augurium: divination, augury. See augur.]

aburar t. to burn. [L. abūrere: to burn, with the ending of cremāre: to burn <ab- + ūrere: to burn. See urente.]

aburelado, da a. reddish in color. [a- (1) + burelado.]

aburguesado, da a. bourgeois; aburguesamiento m. the act of becoming gentrified; aburguesarse r. to become middle class. [a- (1) + burgués.]

aburrado, da a. like a donkey. [a- (1) + burro.]; aburrarse r. to become stupefied.

aburrición f. boredom; aburrido, da a. bored; aburridor, ra a. that bores; aburrimiento m. boredom; aburrir t. to bore. [L. abhorrēre: to loathe <ab- + horrēre: to shudder, to bristle. See horror.]

aburujar ≈ aborujar

abusador, ra a. taking unfair advantage of; m. & f. abuser; abusar t. to abuse. [VL. *abusāre: id. ab- (wrongly) + *usāre: to use, freq. of ūtī, pp. ūsus: to use – hence a wrong use. See uso.]; abusión f. abuse; abusionero, ra a. superstitious; abusivo, va a. abusive; abuso m. abuse. [L. abūsus; id.]; abusón, ona a. given to abusing.

abuzarse r. to lie face down. [a- (1) + buces.]

abyección f. abjection. [L. abiectiōnem: id., acc. of abiectiō: dejection <abiectus.]; abyecto, ta a. abject. [L. abiectus, pp. of abicere: to throw away, reject <ab- + iacere, pp. iactus: to throw. See echar.]

acá adv. here. [VL. *ac(cu) hāc (ablative of hīc: here) eccum hāc: behold here. See eccehomo + aquí.]

acabable a. that can be finished; acabado, da a. finished; m. last touch, finish; acabador, ra a. finishing; m. & f. finisher; acabalar t. to complete, finish. [From acabar.]

acaballadero m. stud farm; acaballado, da a. like a horse; acaballar t. to cover (a mare). [a (1) + caballo.]; acaballerar t. to treat like a gentleman; acaballonar t. (agr.) to make ridges between furrows. [a- (1) + caballón.]

acabamiento m. completion. [From acabar.]

acabañar t. to build shelter in the field while tending flocks. [a- (1) + cabaña.]

acabar t. to complete; to use up; i. to end. [a- (1) + cabo.]

acabellado, da a. light-brown-colored hair. [a- (1) + cabello.]

acabestrillar i. to go hunting with an ox or horse led by a halter. [a- (1) + cabestro.]

acabildar t. to organize into a group. [a- (1) + cabildo.]

acabo ≈ acabamiento

acabóse m. the end, limit. [Sp. acabó: third person singular pret. of acabar + se (1), lit. it ended.]

acabronado, da a. somewhat similar to the billy goat. [a- (1) + cabrón.]

acacia f. (bot.) acacia. [L. acacia: id. akakiā: a thorny Egypt. tree. Prob. of Egypt. or. Poss. infl. in its formation on the model of Greek words beginning with ak-: sharp, with allusion to the thorns of the acacia. See *ak- in App.]

acacharse ≈ agachar(se)

acachetar t. (bullf.) to finish off the bull with a small dagger. [a- (1) + cachete (a short dagger) <cacha (knife handle).]; acachetear t. to slap. [From cachete, in the sense of cheek.]

academia f. academy. [L. Acadēmīa: the name of a park near Athens, and of a school held in a grove of the park where Plato taught Akadēmeia: the grove belonging to Akadēmos, a Greek hero of the Trojan war. The application to societies and institutions comes through It. via Fr. usage, where académie may be any school above the elementary level, or may be a learned society.]; academicismo m. academicism; academicista a. rel. to academicism; m. & f. practitioner of academicism; académico, ca a. academic; m. & f. academician; academizar t. to attribute an academic quality to something.

acaecedero m. incidental; acaecer i. to happen. [VL. *accadiscere <*accadere accidere: id. <ad: to (see a- (1)) + cadere: to fall, happen. See caer.]; acaecimiento m. a happening.

acafelar t. to plaster with mortar. [Ar. cafr: mortar.]

acafresna f. service tree. [From a dial. var. of fresno. First element is of UO.]

acahual m. Mexican sunflower. [Nahuatl acahualli: id.]

acairelar t. to trim, fringe. [a- (1) + cairelar.]

acal m. & f. canoe. [Nahuatl acalli: house <ātl: water + calli: house. Akin to Sp. atole, E. chocolate.]

acalabrotar t. (naut.) to make a laid rope. [a- (1) + calabrote.]

acalambrarse r. to get a cramp. [a- (1) + calambre.]

acalefo, fa a. rel. to acaleph; m. (ichth.) acaleph, a taxonomic group including jellyfish. [Fr. acalèphe: id. akalēphē: stinging nettle, sea anemone, prob. a Sem. loan word. Akin to E. Acalypha (a genus of herbs of the spurge family).]

acalenturarse r. to become feverish. [a- (1) + calentura.]

acalia f. marshmallow. [a- (2) + Gk. kalux: the calyx of a flower. See *kal-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. cáliz, E. chalice.]

acalorado, da a. heated; acaloramiento m. ardor, heat; acalorar t. to heat. [a- (1) + calor.]; acalórico, ca a. without calories. [a- (2) + calórico.]

acallador, ra a. silencing; acallar t. to silence. [a- (1) + callar.]

acamado, da a. (her.) said of a figure or piece placed upon another; acamar t. to lay plants flat, said of rain or wind. [a- (1) + cama.]

acambrayado, da a. cambric-like. [a- (1) + cambray.]

acamellado, da a. camel-like. [a- (1) + camello.]

acampada f. camping. [From acampar.]; acampamento ≈ campamento.

acampanado, da a. bell-shaped; acampanar t. to shape like a bell. [a- (1) + campana.]

acampante a. camping; m. & f. camper; acampar t. to encamp; i. to camp. [It. accampare: id. ad: to (see a- (1)) + campus: field, country. See campo.]; acampo m. pasture land.

acanalado, da a. fluted (as on a column); corrugated; acanalador m. grooving plane; acanaladura f. (arch.) canal or stria; acanalar t. to groove. [a- (1) + canal.]

acanallado, da a. base, rabble-like. [a- (1) + can.]; acanallar ≈ encanallar.

acandilado, da a. pointed, in the shape of a candle. [a- (1) + candil.]

acanelado, da a. cinnamon-colored or -flavored. [a- (1) + canela.]

acanillado, da a. uneven (as cloth) in texture or color; acanilladura f. a defect in texture or color of a cloth. [a- (1) + canilla.]

acantáceo, cea a. rel. to Acanthaceae, a family of plants. [acanto + -áceo.]

acantarar t. to measure or sell by the measurement known as a cántara, or about 32 pints. [a- (1) + cántaro.]

acantilado, da a. sheer; acantilar t. to throw or wreck a ship against a cliff. [a- (1) + cantil.]

acantio m. cotton thistle. [L. acantium: id. akanthion, dim. of akantha: thorn. See acanto.]

acanto- combining form meaning thorn; acanto m. (bot.) acanthus. [L. acanthus: id. akanthos: thorn plant <akantha: thorn, so called for its large spiny leaves akē: point (see *ak- in App.) + anthos: flower (see -anto-). Akin to Sp. acne, E. acrobat.]

acantocéfalo, la a. referring to Acanthocephal, a class of parasitic worms. [acanto- + -céfalo.]

acantonamiento m. cantonment; billeting; acantonar t. to quarter troops. [a- (1) + cantón.]

acantopterigio m. an order of teleost fishes with spiny fins. [NL. Acanthopterygii: id., lit. spiny winged. See acanto- + -ptero.]

acañaverear t. to torture with pointed reeds. [a- (1) + cañaverear.]

acañonear t. to cannonade. [a- (1) + cañón.]

acañutado, da a. reed-shaped. [a- (1) + cañuto.]

acaparador, ra a. monopolizing; m. & f. monopolizer; acaparamiento m. monopolizing; acaparar t. to stockpile; to monopolize, hoard. [Fr. accaparer, which in the Middle Ages meant to buy something using earnest money (arras) accaparrare: id. <a- (1) + caparra: earnest money <capo: beginning caput: head (see cabeza) + arra: earnest money. See arras.]

acaparrosado, da a. copperas-colored. [a- (1) + caparrosa.]

acápite m. (Amer.) separate paragraph or heading. [L. a capite: from the head <ab- + capite, abl. of caput: head. See cabeza.]

acaponado, da a. capon-like. [a- (1) + capón (1).]

acaracolado, da a. spiral-shaped. [a- (1) + caracol.]

acarambanado, da a. shaped like an icicle. [a- (1) + carambanado.]

acaramelado, da a. sugary; acaramelar t. to coat with caramel. [a- (1) + caramelo.]

acarar t. to face. [a- (1) + cara.]; acareamiento m. a facing; acarear t. to face.

acardenalado, da a. bruised; acardenalar t. to bruise. [a- (1) + cárdeno.]

acariciador, ra a. fondling; m. & f. caresser; acariciar t. to caress. [a- (1) + caricia.]

acárido m. acarid. [From ácaro.]

acarnerado, da a. having a sheep-like head (said of a horse). [a- (1) + carnero.]

ácaro m. a mite. [NL. acarus akari: mite. The Greek form was understood as plural, from which L. made the singular acarus. See *sker-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. corma, E. score.]

acarralar t. (weav.) to shrink or skip a thread in a web. [Prob. acarrear: id. <carrera: a defect in the thread, in the sense of a run, from same source as Sp. carrera.]

acarrarse r. to flock together (said of wool bearing animals) in search of shade. [OU.]

acarreadizo, za a. transportable; acarreador, ra a. transporting; m. & f. transporter; acarreamiento m. transport; acarrear t. to transport, haul. [a- (1) + carro.]; acarreo ≈ acarreto m. haulage, transport.

acartonado, da a. cardboard-like; acartonarse r. to dry up, become wizened. [a- (1) + cartón.]

acasamatado, da a. casemated. [a- (1) + casamata.]

acaso adv. maybe; m. chance, accident. [a- (1) + caso.]

acastañado, da a. hazel (color). [a- (1) + castaña.]

acastorado, da a. like a beaver’s fur. [a- (1) + castor.]

acatable a. worthy of respect. [From acatar.]

acataléctico, ca ≈ acatalecto, ta a. (verse) acatalectic. [a- (2) + cataléctico.]

acatalepsia f. acatalepsy. [a- (2) + catalepsia.]

acatamiento m. respect for; acatante a. respectful; acatar t. to obey and respect; acato m. obedience, respect. [a- (1) + catar.]

acatarrado, da a. having a cold; acatarrarse r. to catch a cold. [a- (1) + catarro.]

acato ≈ acatamiento

acatólico, ca a. m. & f. non-catholic. [a- (2) + católico.]

acaudalado, da a. well-off; acaudalar t. to accumulate, hoard. [a- (1) + caudal.]

acaudillador, ra a. leading; m. & f. leader; acaudillamiento m. leadership; acaudillar t. to lead. [a- (1) + caudillo.]

acaule a. without a stem. [NL. acaulis: id. <a- (2) + L. caulis: stem kaulos: stem. See col.]

acautelarse ≈ cautelarse

accedente a. acceding. [L. accidentem: id., acc. of accidēns, prp. of accēdere.]; acceder i. to accede. [L. accēdere: to go near <ad: to (see a- (1)) + cēdere: to go, yield. See ceder.]; accesibilidad f. accessibility; accesible a. accessible. [LL. accessibilis: id. accessus.]; accesión f. consent; accession. [L. accessiōnem: id., acc. of accessiō <accessus, pp. of accēdere.]; accesional a. accessional; accésit m. consolation prize. [L. accessit: he approached, pret. of accēdere.]; acceso m. access. [L. accessus.]; accesoria f. outbuilding; accesorio, ria a. & m. accessory.

accidentado, da a. uneven, rough; accidental a. accidental; accidentalidad f. accident rate; accidentarse r. to have an accident; accidente m. accident. [L. accidentem: id. accidēns, prp. of accidere: to happen, befall <ad: to (see a- (1)) + cadere to fall. See caer. The meaning grew from something that happens >something that happens by chance >mishap.]

acción f. action. [L. āctiōnem, acc. of āctiō: action <āctus, pp. of agere: to act. See acto.]; accionado m. shareholding; accionamiento m. setting in motion; accionar t. (mech.) to work, drive; to put in motion; accionariado m. shareholding; accionarial a. rel. to share (as stocks); accionista m. & f. shareholder.

acebadamiento m. (veter.) surfeit. [Akin to Sp. encebadamiento.]; acebadar t. to make an animal sick by eating too much barley. [a- (1) + cebada.]

acebal m. ≈ acebeda f. ≈ acebedo m. grove of holly trees. [See -edo.]; acebo m. holly tree. [VL. *acifolium acrifolium (Class. L. aquifolium): holly (a tree with leaves having spiny margins) <aqui- <ācre: sharp (see acre (2)) + folium: leaf. See *bhel-³ in App. Akin to Sp. hoja, E. flower. The phon. development of acebo is unclear. E. holly means the pricking tree.]

acebollado, da a. said of wood which has been cracked by the wind resulting in the annual rings being separated; acebolladura f. damage to a tree from splitting of the woody layers. [a- (1) + cebolla.]

acebuchal m. a plantation of wild olive trees; acebuche m. wild olive tree. [Mozar. zebug: id. zabbug: id., prob. of Berb. or. Akin to zambullo (2).]; acebucheno, na a. belonging to the wild olive; acebuchina f. wild olive (fruit).

acecido ≈ acezo

acecinar t. to salt and dry (meat). [a- (1) + cecina.]

acechadera f. ambush; hiding place; acechador, ra a. spying; m. & f. spy, observer; acechamiento m. ≈ acechanza f. spying; acechar t. to spy on. [L. assectārī: to pursue <ad: to (see a- (1)) + sequī: to follow. See seguir. The c in acechar is due to the infl. of celada (ambush).]

aceche m. copperas, a ferrous sulfate. [Ar. zey: vitriol, sulfuric acid.]

acecho m. spying; acechón, ona m. & f. spy, observer. [From acechar.]

acedar t. to make sour; to annoy; acedera f. (bot.) sorrel, a bitter plant. [From acedo.]

acederaque m. azedarach, the China tree and its bark. [Fr. azéderac āzād dirakht: free (noble) tree.]

acederilla f. (bot.) sorrel; acederón m. a species of sorrel; acedía (1) f. acidity. [From acedo.]

acedía (2) ≈ acedia f. sloth; ennui. [LL. acidia, acēdia: id. akēdeia: indifference <a- (2) + kēdos: care. See *kād- in App. Akin to Sp. epicedio, E. acedia.]

acedo m. acid. [L. acētum: vinegar. See *ak- in App. Akin to Sp. aguja, E. acrid.]

acefalía f. ≈ acefalismo m. headlessness; (fig.) lack of leadership; acéfalo, la a. acephalous. [a- (2) + -céfalo.]

aceifa f. a Saracen military expedition carried out during the summer months. [Ar. as-saifa: summer.]

aceitada f. spilled oil; aceitar t. to oil; aceitazo m. unrefined olive oil; aceite m. oil. [Ar. az-zayt: olive oil, a word borrowed from Aramaic.]; aceitera f. oil can; aceitería f. a place that sells oil; aceitero, ra a. oil; aceitón m. thick oil; aceitoso, sa a. oily; aceituna f. olive. [Ar. az-zaytuna: olive (tree).]; aceitunado, da a. olive-colored; aceitunero, ra m. & f. olive dealer.

aceituní m. an ancient oriental fabric. [Ar. zaytūnī: satin cloth, after the Chinese city Tseu-Thung, where this cloth was fabricated. See saetín (2).]

aceitunil ≈ aceituno, na a. olive-colored; m. olive tree. [From aceite.]

acejero ≈ hacejero

acelajado, da a. showing clouds of different hues. [a- (1) + celaje.]

aceleración f. acceleration. [L. accelerātiōnem: id., acc. of accelerātiō <accelerātus, pp. of accelerāre.]; acelerado, da a. rapid; intensive; acelerador, ra a. accelerating; m. accelerator; aceleramiento m. ≈ aceleración; acelerar t. to accelerate. [L. accelerāre: id. <ad: to (see a- (1)) + celerāre: to hasten <celer: swift. See célere.]; aceleratriz a. accelerative; acelerón m. a leap forward.

acelga f. (bot.) Swiss chard. [Ar. as- sílqa: leaf beet, prob. sikelos: Sicilian (referring to this plant of Sicily) <sikeloi: an ancient people on the Tiber.]

acémila f. mule. [Ar. az-zāmila: beast of burden.]; acemilado, da a. mule-like; acemilar a. rel. to pack mules; acemilería f. a place for mules and rel. equipment; acemilero m. muleteer.

acemita f. bran bread; acemite m. fine bran. [Ar. as-semid: extra fine flour. In some LAmer. countries, the term cemite, referring to bran bread, is used.]

acendrado, da a. stainless; pure; acendramiento m. purification (metals); acendrar t. to purify. [a- (1) + cendrar.]

acensar ≈ acensuar; acensuado m. taxed goods; acensuador m. rent charger; acensuar t. to tax (property). [a- (1) + censo.]

acento m. accent. [L. accentus: id., lit. song added to speech <ad: to (see a- (1)) + cantus: song <canere: to sing. See cantar (2). Calque of Gk. prōsoidiā <pros- + ōidē: song, which described the pitch scheme in Greek prosody. See oda.]; acentuado, da a. accented; acentuación f. accentuation. [ML. accentuātiōnem: id., acc. of accentuātiō <accentuātus, pp. of accentuāre.]; acentuar t. to accentuate. [ML. accentuāre: id. accentus.]

aceña f. water mill. [Ar. as-seniya: id.]; aceñero m. keeper of a water mill.

-áceo, -cea combining form meaning belonging to, of the nature of. [L. -āceus, enlarged from the suff. -āx, gen. -ācis.]

acepar i. to take root. [a- (1) + cepo.]

acepción f. sense, meaning. [LL. acceptiōnem: id., acc. of acceptiō acceptus, pp. of accipere. See aceptar.]

acepillador m. planer; acepilladura f. a planing or shaving; acepillar t. to plane. [a- (1) + cepillo.]

aceptabilidad f. acceptability. [LL. acceptābilitātem: id., acc. of acceptābilitās acceptābilis.]; aceptable a. acceptable. [L. acceptābilis: id. <acceptāre.]; aceptación f. success. [LL. acceptiōnem: id., acc. of acceptiō acceptus. See acepción.]; aceptador, ra a. accepting; m. & f. acceptor. [L. acceptātor: id.]; aceptar t. to accept. [L. acceptāre, freq. of accipere, pp. acceptus: to receive <ad: to (see a- (1)) + capere: to take. See captar.]; acepto, ta a. acceptable; aceptor m. acceptor; an atom that receives two electrons to form a chemical bond with another atom.

acequia f. irrigation ditch. [Ar. as- sāqiya: canal <sāqā: to irrigate.]; acequiar t. to build irrigation ditches; acequiero m. a person who works with irrigation ditches.

acera f. sidewalk. [OSp. hacera ≈ facera: façade, orig. referring to the two rows of houses facing the street, and later to the sidewalk faciāria: the front of a building <*facia faciēs: face. See faz.]

aceráceo, cea a. referring to a family of plants having small clustered flowers followed by fruits. [L. acer, aceris: the maple tree. See *ak- in App. Akin to Sp. arce, E. acerate.]

aceración f. steeling; acerado, da a. made of steel; acerar (1) t. to steel. [From acero.]

acerar (2) t. to lay sidewalks. [From acera.]

acerbidad f. bitterness; acerbo, ba a. acerbic. [L. acerbus: harsh, bitter. See *ak- in App. Akin to Sp. exacerbar, E. acid.]

acerca (prep.) about; acercador, ra a. approaching; acercamiento m. an approach; acercar t. to bring near; r. to approach. [a- (1) + cerca (2).]

ácere m. maple tree. [L. acerem: id., acc. of acer. See *ak- in App. Akin to Sp. arce, E. acerbic.]

acerería f. steel plant; acería f. steel works. [From acero.]

acerico ≈ acerillo m. pincushion. [Dim. of OSp. hacero ≈ facero, orig. referring to cushions placed facing each other, later to the idea of