A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots: Volume II (H - Z and Appendix)

By Edward A. Roberts

This work traces the etymologies of the entries to their earliest sources, shows their kinship to both Spanish and English, and organizes them into families of words in an Appendix of Indo-European roots. Entries are based on those of the Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris US
• Release date: Apr 10, 2014
• ISBN: 9781493191116

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A COMPREHENSIVE ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE WITH FAMILIES OF WORDS BASED ON INDO-EUROPEAN ROOTS

____________

Volume II (H - Z and Appendix)

EDWARD A. ROBERTS

Copyright © 2014 by Edward A. Roberts.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Rev. date: 04/07/2014

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CONTENTS

H

I

J

K

L

Ll

M

N

Ñ

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

APPENDIX

H

h f. h, 9th letter of the Sp. alphabet.

¡ha! ≈ ¡ah!

haba f. fava, broad bean; tumor on a horse’s palate. [L. faba: id. See *bha-bhā- in App. Akin to Sp. abacero, E. bean.]; habado, da a. having a tumor on a palate (horse).

habanero, ra a. of Havana; m. & f. person from Havana; f. a dance of Cuban origin; habano, na a. of Havana; f. Havana cigar.

habar m. broad-bean patch. [From haba.]

hábeas corpus m. habeas corpus. [ML. habeās corpus: produce the body habeās, 2nd person sing. pres. subj. of habēre: to have (see haber (2) + corpus: body. See cuerpo.]

háber m. doctor of the law among Jews. [Heb. habber: wise man.]

haber (1) m. property, income, credit; (pl.) possessions, assets; haber (2) (aux. verb) to have. [VL. habēre: to need to habēre: to have; to handle. See *ghabh- in App. Akin to Sp. habitar, E. habit.]

haberío m. cattle, livestock. [From haber (1).]

habichuela f. kidney bean. [Prob. *fabicella, dim. of L. faba. See haba.]

habiente a. (law) possessing. [L. habientem: id., acc. of habiēns, prp. of habēre. See haber (2).]

hábil a. able, skillful, clever. [L. habilis: suitable, fit, proper <habēre. See haber (2).]; habilidad f. ability, skill. [L. habilitātem: id., acc. of habilitās <habilis.]; habilidoso, sa a. skillful; habilitación f. habilitation. [ML. habilitātiōnem: id., acc. of habilitātiō <habilitātus, pp. of habilitāre.]; habilitado, da a. habilitated; m. & f. paymaster. [Pp. of habilitar.]; habilitador, ra a. habilitating; m. & f. qualifier; habilitar t. to finance; to qualify. [ML. habilitāre: id. habilis.]

habitabilidad f. habitability; habitable a. habitable; habitación f. habitation, dwelling. [L. habitātiōnem: id., acc. of habitātiō <habitātus, pp. of habitāre.]; habitáculo m. dwelling. [L. habitāculum: id.]; habitador, ra a. inhabiting; m. & f. inhabitant; habitante a. inhabiting; m. & f. inhabitant. [L. habitantem: id., acc. of habitāns, prp. of habitāre.]; habitar t. to inhabit, dwell. [L. habitāre: id., freq. of habēre. See haber (2).]; hábitat m. (ecol.) habitat. [L. habitat: it dwells, 3rd person sing. pres. indic. of habitāre.]

hábito m. habit, custom; habit (religious order). [L. habitus: id. habēre. See haber (2).]; habituación f. habituation. [LL. habituātiōnem: id., acc. of habituātiō <habituātus, pp. of habituāre.]; habitual a. habitual. [LL. habituālis: id. habitus.]; habitualidad f. the state of being habitual; habituar t. to accustom. [LL. habituāre: id. habitus.]; habitud f. relation, respect. [L. habitūdō: condition <habitus.]

habiz m. donation in trust of immovable property to a Mohammedan religious institution. [Ar. ahbīs: id.]

habla f. faculty of speech. [L. fābula: id. <fārī.]; hablador, ra a. talkative; m. & f. chatterer; habladorzuelo, la a. talkative; habladuría f. gossip; hablante a. speaking; hablar t. & i. to speak, talk. [OSp. fablar: id. fābulārī: id. fābula <fārī: to speak. See *bhā-² in App. Akin to Sp. infante, E. fable.]; hablilla f. gossip, chitchat; hablista m. & f. chatterer; hablistán a. m. f. (coll.) (talkative) person.

habón m. wheal, a small swelling on the skin. [Aug. of haba.]

haca f. pony. [OFr. haque: id. hack (horse).]

hacán m. learned man among the Jews. [Heb. hakam: id.]

hacanea f. nag, small horse. [Fr. haquenée: id. Hackney. See haca.]

hacecillo m. small sheaf. [Dim. of haz (1).]

hacedero, ra a. feasible; hacedor, ora m. & f. maker; manager of a farm. [From hacer.]

hacejero, ra m. & f. a person who uproots firewood with his bare hands. [L. fasciculārius: one who piles up (wood) <fascis: bundle, fagot. See fasces.]

hacendado, da a. landed; m. & f. landowner; hacendar t. to transfer land or real estate; hacendeja f. small farm; hacendera f. compulsory common work; hacendero, ra a. industrious; hacendilla ≈ hacendeja; hacendista m. & f. financial expert; hacendístico, ca a. rel. to the public treasury; hacendoso, sa a. diligent; hacenduela ≈ hacendeja. [From hacienda.]

hacer t. to make, do. [L. facere: id. See *dhē-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. faz, E. face.]

hacera ≈ acera

hacezuelo ≈ hacecillo

hacia (prep.) toward(s). [OSp. faza, faz a: facing, toward <faz: face + a: to, toward. See a (2).]

hacienda f. farm, ranch. [OSp. facienda: id. facienda: things to be done, gerundive neut. pl. of facere. See hacer.]

hacina f. stack, pile, heap; hacinación f. ≈ hacinamiento; hacinador, ra m. & f. heaper, piler; hacinamiento m. heaping; hacinar t. to pile, stack. [L. fascis: bundle, fagot. See haz (2).]

hacha (1) f. large taper with four wicks. [L. *fascula: id., a blend of facula: small torch (see fácula) & fascis: bundle, fagot. See fasces.]

hacha (2) f. ax, hatchet. [OFr. hache: id. *hapja: sickle. See *skep- in App. Akin to Sp. quebracho, E. hash.]; hachar t. to cut or work with an ax; hachazo m. blow with an ax.

hache f. the letter h. [Fr. hache id. *hacca, modif. of ach, popular pronunciation of ah, with an aspirated h. Poss. ult.

hachear ≈ hachar

hachero (1) m. torch stand. [From hacha (1).]

hachero (2) m. wood cutter. [From hacha (2).]; hacheta f. small ax.

hachís m. hashish. [Ar. hashish: hemp, dried grass. See asesino.]

hacho (1) m. firebrand, torch. [From hacha (1).]

hacho (2) m. small ax. [From hacha (2).]

hachón m. large torch. [Augm. of hacha (1).]

hachote (1) m. (naut.) short thick candle used for signaling. [Augm. of hacha (1).]

hachote (2) m. large ax. [Augm. of hacha (2).]; hachuela f. small ax.

hada f. fairy. [LL. fāta: id. fāta:] destiny, the Fates, pl. of fātum.]; hadado, da a. fateful; hado m. fate, destiny. [L. fātum: prophecy, doom, lit. that which is spoken fārī: to speak. See hablar.]

hafiz m. a Muslim who knows the Koran by heart; keeper. [Ar. hafīz: id.]

hafnio m. hafnium. [ML. Hafnium: Copenhagen Kabenhavn: id.]

hagiografía f. hagiography. [ML. hagiographus: id. hagios: holy + graphos: writer (<graphein: to write

– see grafía). See *yag- in App. Akin to Sp. trisagio, E. Agnes.]; hagiográfico, ca a. hagiographic; hagiógrafo, fa m. & f. hagiographer.

¡hala! (interj.) haul! pull! [Ar. halā: an interj. used to urge on horses.]

halacabuyas m. apprentice sailor, one who only knows basic tasks. [halar + cabuya.]

halacuerda m. (coll.) fresh-water sailor. [halar + cuerda.]

halagador, ra a. flattering; halagar t. to flatter. [Ar. khalaqa: to treat kindly.]; halago m. flattery; halagüeñamente adv. flatteringly; halagüeño, ña a. flattering.

halar t. (naut.) to haul (rope); to pull. [OFr. haler: id. *halōn: to pull. See *kelə-² in App. Akin to Sp. alotar, E. haul.]

halcón m. falcon, hawk. [LL. falcōnem, acc. of falcō: id. *falkon-: id. (lit. gray bird). See *pel-² in App. Akin to Sp. falcón, E. fallow.]; halconado, da a. falcon-like; halconear i. to act brazenly; halconera f. place where falcons are housed; halconería f. falconry; halconero m. falconer.

halda f. skirt. [Var. of falda.]; haldada f. skirtful; haldear i. to run with flying skirts; haldeta f. small skirt; haldinegro ≈ faldinegro; haldudo ≈ faldudo.

¡hale! ≈ ¡hala!

haleche m. anchovy. [L. hallēcem: id., acc. of hallēx, poss. alukon: a sauce with a salt base. See alache.]

halieto m. (orn.) osprey. [L. haliaētus: id. haliaietos: sea eagle <hali-, var. of halo- and aietos: eagle. See etites.]

hálito m. breath. [L. hālitus: id. Akin to L. hālāre: to breathe. See *anə- in App. Akin to Sp. alentar, E. inhale.]; halitosis f. halitosis. [From -osis.]

halo- combining form meaning salt. [Gk. hals, halos: salt, sea. See *sal- in App.]

halo m. halo. [ML. halō: id. halōs halōs: halo, lit. threshing floor, disk of the sun or moon (from its resemblance to the threshing floor). See *al-⁵ in App. Akin to Sp. álaga, E. aleurone.]

halófilo, la a. referring to an organism that requires a salty environment. [halo- + -filo (1).]

halógeno, na a. halogen. [halo- + -geno.]

haloideo, dea a. haloid. [halo- + -oideo.]

haloque m. ancient boat. [From obs. faluca, q.v.]

halotecnia f. science of extracting commercial salts. [halo- + -tecnia.]

halterofilia f. Olympic weightlifting. [Gk. haltēres: lead weights used in jumping exercises <hallesthai: to jump <halma: a leap. See *sel-⁴ in App. + -filia. Akin to Sp. salir, E. sally. In Greek sports, haltēres were used as lifting weights, and also as weights in their version of the long jump, which was prob. a set of three jumps. The haltēres were held in both hands to allow an athlete to jump a greater distance. They may have been dropped after the first or second jump. The athlete would swing the weights backwards and forwards just before take-off, thrust them forwards during the take-off, and swing them backwards just before releasing them and landing.]

hallador, ra a. that finds; m. & f. finder; hallar t. to find. [OSp. aflare: id. afflāre: to breathe toward something, to follow the trail of, to find something <ad: toward (see a (2)) + flāre: to blow. See *bhlē-² in App. Akin to Sp. hinchar, E. inflate.]; hallazgo m. a find.

hallulla f. ≈ hallullo m. bread baked on or under embers or hot stones. [OU.]

hamaca f. hammock. [Taino hamaca: net for sleeping.]

hamadría ≈ hamadriada ≈ hamadríade f. (myth.) hamadryad, a wood nymph. [L. Hamadryas, Hamadryadis: id. Hamadruas <hama: together with (see *sem-¹ in App.) + Druas: dryad <drūs: oak. See dríade.]

hámago m. beebread. [Prob. from *ámago <*ámego <*ámeo: id. amidum: starch (so called because of beebread’s rubbery and milky consistency, like that of starch), alter. of L. amylum amulon: starch. See almidón.]

hamamelidáceo, cea a. (bot.) rel. to hamamelis, a species of witch-hazel. [NL. Hamamēlis, type genus hamamēlis: medlar <hama: together (see *sem-¹ in App.) + mēlis; apple, fruit (see mēlon in App.) + -áceo. Akin to Sp. mermelada, E. chamomile.]

hamaquear t. (Amer.) to swing, rock. [From hamaca.]; hamaquero, ra m. & f. maker of hammocks.

hambre f. hunger. [OSp. famne: id. *famīne faminem, acc. of famēs: hunger. See *dhē-² in App. Akin to Sp. famélico, E. famish.]; hambrear t. & i. to starve; hambriento, ta a. hungry; m. & f. one who is hungry; hambrón, ona a. (coll.) very hungry; m. & f. glutton; hambruna f. (Amer.) great hunger.

hamburguesa f. hamburger. [From E. hamburger <Hamburg, a city in Germany.]

hamez f. damage to the feathers of birds of prey due to malnutrition. [Prob.

hampa f. underworld. [OU. Poss. hampe: shaft of a lance of UO., poss. alter. of hante: lance hasta: id. (with infl. of OHG. hant: hand, ult. the source of E. hand). See asta.]; hampesco, ca a. underworld; hampón, ona a. tough; m. & f. member of the underworld.

hanega ≈ fanega; hanegada ≈ fanegada

hangar m. hanger (for plane). [Fr. hangar: id. hangard *haimgard: an enclosure around a house <*haim: hamlet (see *tkei- in App.) + *gard: enclosure. See *gher-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. enrique, E. hamlet.]

hansa f. hanse, a medieval merchant guild or trade association. [MFr. hanse: id. hansa: military troop; band of men. OU.]; hanseático, ca a. hanseatic.

hápax m. a word occuring only once in a lang. [Gk. hapax: once <ha-: together with (see *sem-¹ in App.) + -pax: fixed. See *pag- in App.]

haploide a. haploid, said of a cell that has only one set of chromosomes. [Gk. haplous: single <ha- (see prec.) + plous: fold (see diplo-) + -oide.]; haploidía f. haploidy; haplología f. haplology. [Gk. haplous + -logía.]

haragán a. lazy, idle. [Prob. alter. of harón.]; haraganear i. to be idle, lazy; haraganería f. idleness.

harambel m. patchwork hangings; rag, tatter. [Ar. al-hanbal: id. Akin to alhambar.]

harapiento, ta a. in tatters or rags; harapo m. tatter, rag. [OSp. farpar, harpar: to rip, tear. OU. Poss. imit.]; haraposo, sa a. tattered, in rags.

haraquiri m. hara-kiri. [Japanese harakiri: id. <hara: abdomen + kiri: a cutting.]

harbullar ≈ farfullar

harda f. squirrel. [From OSp. harda: id. OU. Cp. ardilla.]

hardido ≈ ardido

harem ≈ harén m. harem. [Fr. harem: id. harīm: forbidden place <harama: to forbid. Akin to marrano (1).]

harija f. mill dust. [VL. farīculum: id., dim. of L. farīna.]; harina f. flour. [L. farīna: id. <far, farris: coarse grain. See *bhares- in App.]; harinado m. flour dissolved in water; harinero, ra a. flour; m. flour dealer; flour bin; harinoso, sa a. farinose.

hariscarse ≈ ariscarse

harma f. wild rue. [Ar. ármal: id.]

harmonía ≈ armonía; harmónico ≈ armónico; harmonio ≈ armonio; harmonioso ≈ armonioso; harmonizable ≈ amonizable; harmonización ≈ armonización; harmonizar ≈ armonizar

harnal m. drawer or case in which the milled flour falls. [LL. *farinālis: id. farīna. See harina.]

harnerero m. maker or seller of sieves; harnero m. sieve. [L. (crībum – see criba) farinārium: flour (sieve) <farīna. See harina.]; harneruelo m. a horizontal beam that forms the center piece of most wooden roofs of mills.

harón, ona a. slothful. [Ar. harūn: balking (said of a horse). Akin to haragán.]; haronear i. to be slow or sluggish; haronía f. sluggishness.

harpa ≈ arpa; harpado (1) ≈ arpado (1); harpado (2) ≈ arpado (2)

harpía ≈ arpía

harpillera ≈ arpillera

harrado m. (arch.) an angle in a dome. [OU.]

harre ≈ arre; harrear ≈ arrear (1); harria ≈ arria

harriería ≈ arriería; harriero ≈ arriero

hartada f. bellyful; hartar t. to glut, gorge; hartazgo ≈ hartazón m. bellyful; hartera f. bellyful; harto, ta a. full, satiated. [L. fartus: id., pp. of farcīre: to stuff. See farsa.]; hartura f. bellyful; fill.

hasta (prep.) until. [OSp. fasta: id. <*fadta hatta: until.]

hastial m. (arch.) gable wall. [OSp. hastío fastīgium: incline; roof. See *bhar- in App. Akin to Sp. fastigio, E. tedium.]

hastiar t. to surfeit, tire, bore. [L. fastidiāre: id.]; hastío m. surfeit, feeling of tedium. [L. fastīdium: id. See fastidio.]; hastioso ≈ fastidioso.

hataca f. large wooden ladle; rolling pin. [Ar. fattaqa: id.]

hatajo m. small herd of cattle; hatear t. to pack up in order to leave; hatería f. provisions, supplies; hatero, ra a. rel. to pack animal; m. pack carrier; hatijo m. covering of straw over beehives; hatillo m. small bundle; hato m. belongings; ranch; herd of cattle; flock of sheep; bundle. [Goth. fat: dress, baggage, belongings, from IE. *pēd-: to seize, grasp.]

haute m. (her.) a shield with a coat of mail on which the arms of distinct houses are painted, some completely bare and others partially so, the tops of which are covered by existing paint. [Fr. haute: high haut altus: high. See alto (1).]

havo m. honeycomb. [L. favus: id. OU. Akin to E. favus.]

hay there is, there are. [ha, 3rd. pers. indic. sing. of haber (see haber (2)) + OSp. i: there ibi: id. See *i- in App. Akin to Sp. ahí, E. ibidem.]

haya (1) f. beech tree. [L. (māteria) fāgea: (wood of) beech <fāgus: beech tree. See *bhāgo- in App. Akin to Sp. fuina, E. book.]

haya (2) f. a gift which dance pupils gave to instructors in olden times. [L. habeas: take, have, 2nd. person sing. pres. subj. of habēre: to have. See haber (2).]

hayal m. grove of beech trees. [From haya (1).]; hayedo ≈ hayal. [From dial. haedo fāgētum: id. <fāgus: beech tree. See haya (1).]; hayuco m. fruit of the beech tree.

haz (1) m. bundle; fagot. [OSp. faz: id. fascis: bundle. See *bhasko- in App. Akin to Sp. fasces, E. fascism.]

haz (2) m. (mil.) troops arranged in rank or divisions. [L. aciēs: a sharp edge; (battle) line. See acero.]

haz (3) f. face, countenance. [L. faciēs: id. See faz.]

haza f. piece of tillable land. [L. fascia: band. See fasces.]

hazana f. (coll.) a household chore. [Var. of next.]; hazaña f. feat. [Prob. hasana: a good deed, a meritorius action, with infl. of L. facere: to do (see hacer).]; hazañería f. affected show of fear or surprise; hazañero, ra a. affectedly grave or fearful; hazañoso, sa a. valiant, heroic.

hazmerreír m. laughing stock. [haz: make + me: me + reír: to laugh.]

hazuela f. small piece of tillable land. [Dim. of haza.]

he adv. lo and behold. [OSp. he: here is, here are hā: here is.]

hebdómada f. hebdomad. [L. hebdomas, hebdomadis: a group of seven things; a week hebdomas, hebdomados: id. <hebdomos: seventh <hepta: seven. See *septm in App. Akin to Sp. heptágono, E. September.]; hebdomadario, -ria a. weekly; m. & f. (eccl.) hebdomadary, a member of a convent or chapter. [LL. hebdomadārius: id. hebdomas.]

Hebe f. Hebe, goddess of youth and spring. [L. hēbē: early manhood. From IE. *yēgwā-: power, youthful strength. Akin to Sp. efebo, E. hebephrenia.]

hebén a. of white grapes; insignificant. [Prob. haban: dropsy.]

hebijón m. a buckle’s spike. [Blend of hebillón & aguijón.]

hebilla f. buckle. [OSp. fibiella: id. *fibella: id., dim. of L. fībula <fīgere: to fasten. See fíbula.]; hebillaje m. set of buckles; hebillero, ra m. & f. maker or seller of buckles; hebilleta f. small buckle; hebillón m. large buckle; hebilluela f. small buckle.

hebra f. fiber. [L. fibra: id. See fibra.]

hebraico, ca a. Hebrew; hebraísmo m. Hebraism; hebraísta m. Hebraist; hebraizante a. using Hebraisms; m. Hebraist; hebreo, brea a. m. & f. Hebrew; m. Hebrew lang. [L. Hebraeus: id. Hebraios ibrī: one from across the river (Euphrates).]

hebrero ≈ herbero

hebroso, sa a. fibrous. [From hebra.]

hecatombe f. hecatomb. [L. hecatombē: id. hekatombē: a sacrifice of a hundred oxen and other victims, which the ancient Romans performed for an extraordinary event. Comp. of hekaton: a hundred (see hecto-) + bē: oxen. See *gwou- in App. Akin to Sp. búfalo, E. hundred.]

heces f. excrement, feces. [See hez.]

hectárea f. hectare. [Fr. hectare: id. <hecto- + are: a metric unit of measurement (100 sq. meters) ārea: a vacant piece of ground. See área.]

héctico, ca a. hectic. [LL. hecticus: feverish, consumptive hektikos (puretos) habitual (fever), consumptive <hexis: habit <ekhein: to possess, to be in a certain condition. See enteco.]; hectiquez f. phthisis.

hecto- combining form meaning a hundred. [Fr. hecto-: id., alter. of Gk. hekaton: a hundred. See *dekm in App. Akin to Sp. hectárea, E. hecatomb.]

hectógrafo m. hectograph. [hecto- + -grafo.]

hectogramo m. hectogram. [hecto- + gramo.]

hectolitro m. a measurement equal to a hundred liters. [hecto- + litro.]

hectómetro m. a unit of length equal to a hundred meters. [hecto- + -metro.]

hectóreo, rea a. like Hector in Homer’s Iliad. [L. Hectōr: id. Hectōr, lit. holding fast <ekhein: to hold. See enteco.]

hechiceresco, ca a. rel. to witchcraft; hechicería f. witchcraft; hechicero, ra a. bewitching; m. & f. enchanter, wizard, witch; hechizar t. to bewitch; hechizo, za a. artificial, feigned; m. charm, spell. [Port. feitizo: id. facticius: made with skill or art <factus, pp. of facere: to make, do. See hacer.]

hecho, cha a. made, done; m. act, deed. [OSp. fecho, pp. of fazer: to do, make facere. See hacer.]; hechura f. making, creation.

hedentina f. stench. [OSp. fediente.]; heder i. to be tiresome (to someone); to stink. [L. fētēre: id. See *dheu- in App. Akin to Sp. fétido, E. fume.]; hediento, ta a. fetid. [OSp. fediente: id. fētentem, acc. of fētēns, prp. of fētēre.]; hediondez f. stench; hediondo, da a. fetid.

hedónico, ca a. hedonic; hedonismo m. hedonism. [Gk. hēdonē: pleasure <hēdus: sweet, pleasant. See *swād- in App. Akin to Sp. suave, E. persuade.]; hedonista a. hedonistic; m. & f. hedonist; hedonístico, ca a. hedonistic.

hedor m. stench. [L. fētor: id. <fētēre: to stink. See heder.]

-hedra combining form meaning having a certain number of faces (geometrical solid). [Gk. -hedron: id. <hedrā: seat; side, face. See cátedra.]

hegemonía f. hegemony. [Gk. hēgemoniā: leadership <hēgemōn: leader <hēgeisthai: to lead. See exegesis.]; hegemónico, ca a. hegemonic.

hégira ≈ héjira f. hegira. [Ar. hijra: flight <hajara: to leave. Akin to the proper name Hagar.]

helable a. that can be frozen; helada f. freeze, frost; heladería f. ice cream store; heladero, ra m. & f. ice cream vendor; heladizo, za a. easily frozen; helado, da a. very cold; m. ice cream; helador, ra a. freezing; m. ice cream maker; heladura f. crack in a tree trunk caused by cold; helamiento m. freezing; helar t. to freeze. [L. gelāre: id. See *gel-² in App. Akin to Sp. congelar, E. gelatin.]

helcoma m. a corneal ulcer. [Gk. helkos: a festering wound + -oma. See *elkos- in App. Akin to Sp. inulto, E. ulcer.]

helear t. to make something bitter as bile. [From hiel.]

helechal m. place abounding in ferns; helecho m. fern. [L. filictum: place abounding in ferns <filix, filicis: fern. OU. Akin to E. Filix.]

helena f. (naut.) St. Elmo’s fire. [Gk. Helenē: Helen, of UO. Mariners call a double St. Elmo’s fire after the twins Castor and Pollux. When only one fire appears, it is called Helen after their sister. See Castor.]

helénico, ca a. Hellenic. [L. Hellēnicus: id. Hellēnikos <Hellēnes: the Greeks. See helenista.]

helenio m. Helenium. [L. helenium: elecampane helenion: id. <helos: marsh (so called because elecampane grows in humid areas). From IE. *selos-: swamp. Akin to E. Helonias.]

helenismo m. Hellenism. [L. hellēnismus: id. hellēnismos <hellēnizein.]; helenista m. & f. Hellenist. [Gk. Hellēnistēs: id. <hellēnizein: to speak Greek <Hellēnes: the Greeks. OU.]; heleno, na a. Hellenic; m. & f. Hellene.

helera f. pip (disease in fowl). [OU.]

helero m. glacier. [From helar.]

helgado, da a. jagged-toothed. [Prob. filicātus: adorned with ferns, an adj. derived from filix, filicis: a fern. See helecho. So called because of the resemblance of jagged teeth with the edge of the fern’s leaf.]

heli- ≈ helio-

helíaco, ca a. heliacal. [LL. hēliacus: id. hēliakos: rel. to the sun <hēlios: sun. See helio.]; helianteno m. helianthemum. [heli- + Gk. anthos: flower. See anto-.]; heliantina f. heliantin; helianto m. helianthus, the sun flower.

heliasta m. member of an Athenian tribunal which met in the plaza Heliaca at sunrise. [Gk. hēliazesthai: to be a member of the Heliaea <Hēliaia: supreme court of ancient Athens. OU. Poss. the court took its name because the hearings took place outdoors, under the sun. See prec.]

hélice m. helix; propeller. [L. helicem: id., acc. of helix helix, helikos: spiral or twisted object. See *wel-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. helicóptero, E. helicoid.]; helicoidal a. spiral. [From -oidal.]; helicoide a. & m. (geom.) helicoid. [From -oide.]

Helicón (1) m. Helicon. [Gk. Helikōn, a high mountain in central Greece, legendary abode of the muses, lit. tortuous mountain <helix. See hélice.]; helicón (2) m. helicon; helicona a. rel. to the muses of Helicon; helicónides f. pl. Muses of Helicon; heliconio, nia a. Heliconian.

helicóptero m. helicopter. [Fr. hélicoptère: id. <hélico-: spiral heliko-: id. <helikos: spiral object. See hélice + -ptero.]

helio m. helium. [Gk. hēlios. So named because it was first observed in the spectrum of the sun.]; -helio- ≈ heli- combining form meaning sun. [Gk. hēlios: sun. See *sāwel- in App. Akin to Sp. sol (1), E. isohel.]

heliocéntrico, ca a. heliocentric. [helio- + céntrico.]

heliofísica f. physics devoted to the study of the sun. [helio- + física.]; heliofísico, ca a. heliophysical.

heliogábalo m. heliogabalus, a glutton. [From Heliogabulus, 3rd cent. Roman emperor, a priest of the local sun god, Elagabulus, noted for his debauchery. From a Latinized form of the Semitic deity El-Gabal, a manifestation of the Semitic deity Ēl.]

heliograbado m. photoengraving. [helio- + grabado.]

heliografía f. heliography. [helio- + -grafía.]; heliográfico, ca a. heliographic; heliógrafo m. heliograph.

heliograma m. heliogram. [helio- + -grama.]

heliómetro m. heliometer. [helio- + -metro.]

heliomotor m. a device to turn solar into mechanical energy. [helio- + motor.]

helioscopio m. helioscope. [helio- + -scopio.]

heliosis f. sunstroke. [helio- + -sis.]

heliostático, ca a. heliostatic; helióstato m. heliostat. [helio- + -stato.]

heliotelegrafía f. telegraphy by a heliograph. [helio- + telegrafía.]

helioterapia f. heliotherapy. [helio- + terapia.]

heliotropio ≈ heliotropo; heliotropismo m. heliotropism; heliotropo m. heliotrope (orig. a plant that turns to the sun). [helio- + tropo.]

helipuerto m. heliport. [heli- + puerto.]

helmintiasis f. helminthiasis. [L. helminthiasis: id. helminthiān: to suffer from worms <helmins.]; helmíntico, ca a. helminthic; helminto m. helminth, worm. Gk. helmins, helminthos: worm, lit. that which turns or rolls. See -iasis, and *wel-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. helicón (2), E. helicopter.]; helmintología f. helminthology. [From -logía.]; helmintológico, ca a. helminthological.

helor m. intense cold. [From helar.]

hema- combining form meaning blood. [Gk. haima, haimatos: blood. See *sei- in App.]

hemacrimo, ma a. cold-blooded. [hema- + Gk. krūmos; frost. See *kreus- in App. Akin to Sp. cristal, E. cryogeny.]

hemat- ≈ hema-

hematemesis f. bloody vomit. [hemat- + Gk. emesis: vomit. See emético.]

hematíe m. red cell. [Fr. hématie: id. haima: blood. See hema-]

hematites f. hematite, a black or blackish-red to brick-red mineral. [L. haematītēs: id. (lithos) haimatītēs: blood-like (stone) <haima. See hema-.]

hemato- ≈ hema-

hematófago, ga a. said of an animal that feeds on blood. [hemato- + -fago.]

hematología f. hematology. [hemato- + -logía.]; hematológico, ca a. hematological; hematólogo, ga m. & f. hematologist.

hematoma m. hematoma. [hemato- + -oma.]

hematosis f. the conversion of chyle into blood. [hemato- + -sis.]

hematoxilina f. hematoxylin, a yellow or red crystalline compound used in histological dyes and as an indicator. [hemato- + -xilo.]

hematozoario, ria a. said of animals that live as parasites in the blood of others. [hemato- + Gk. zōarion: small animal. See zoo-.]

hematuria f. the presence of blood in the urine. [hemato- + -uria.]

hembra f. female, woman. [OSp. femna fēmina: id. See *dhē(i)- in App. Akin to Sp. femenino, E. effeminate.]; hembrear i. to womanize; hembrilla f. small female; small socket; eyebolt.

hemeroteca f. newspaper, magazine and journal library. [Gk. hēmerā: day (see efémero) + -teca.]

hemi- combining form meaning half. [Gk. hēmi-: id. See *sēmi- in App. Akin to Sp. semi-, E. sesterce.]

-hemia ≈ -emia

hemiciclo m. hemicycle. [hemi- + ciclo.]

hemicránea f. hemicrania. [Gk. hēmikrāniā: a headache affecting one side of the head. See hemi- + cráneo.]

hemina (1) f. an ancient Roman unit of liquid capacity; a measure of half a sextary. [L. hēmīna: id. hēmīna <hēmi-. See hemi-.]

hemina (2) f. the hydrochloride of hematin. [Gk. haima: blood (see hema-) + the chem. suffix -ina.]

hemiplejía ≈ hemiplejia f. paralysis of one side of the body. [hemi- + -plejia.]; hemipléjico, ca a. hemiplegic.

hemíptero, ra a. hemipteral. [hemi- + -ptero.]

hemisférico, ca a. hemispheric; hemisferio m. hemisphere. [L. hēmisphaerium: id. hēmisphairion <hēmi- + sphaira: ball. See hemi- + esfera.]

hemistiquio m. hemistich. [L. hēmistichium: id. hēmistikhion: a half-line of verse <hēmi- (see hemi-) + stikhos: line. See dístico (2).]

-hemo- ≈ -hemato-

hemoaglutinación f. agglutination of blood cells. [hemo- + aglutinación.]

hemocianina f. (biochem.) a blue, oxygen-carrying blood pigment. [hemo- + Gk. kuanos: the color dark blue. OU. Akin to Sp. cianuro, E. cyanide.]

hemodiálisis f. hemodialysis. [hemo- + diálisis.]

hemofilia f. hemophilia. [hemo- + -filia (in the sense of tendency to).]; hemofílico, ca a. hemophilic.

hemoglobina f. hemoglobin. [hemo- + globulina.]

hemolisina f. a substance formed in the blood that causes the destruction of red corpuscles with liberation of hemoglobin. [hemo- + lisina.]

hemólisis f. the dissolution of red blood cells. [hemo- + -lisis.]; hemolítico, ca a. hemolytic.

hemopatía f. disease of the blood. [hemo- + -patía.]

hemoptísico, ca a. hemoptysic; hemoptisis f. expectoration of blood. [hemo- + Gk. ptusis: a spitting <ptuein: to spit. See tialina.]

hemorragia f. hemorrhage. [hemo- + -rragia.]

hemorroida ≈ hemorroide; hemorroidal a. hemorrhoidal; hemorroide f. hemorrhoid. [L. haemorrhoidae: id., lit. flowing with blood haimorrhoides, pl. of haimorrhois <haimorrhoos: id. <hemo- + rhoos: a stream rhein: to flow. See -rrea. Akin to almorrana.]; hemorroísa ≈ hemorroisa f. woman suffering from an abnormal discharge of blood. [Gk. haimorrhois.]; hemorroo m. a horned viper; a venomous snake of the genus Cerastes. [Gk. haimorrhoos, so called because it was believed that the bite of this snake caused a general blood flow.]

hemostasia ≈ hemostasis f. stoppage of bleeding. [hemo- + -stasis.]; hemostático, ca a. hemostatic.

henchidor, ra a. filling; m. & f. filler; henchidura f. filling, stuffing; henchimiento m. filling; henchir t. to fill up, cram. [L. implēre: id. (with infl. of the h of hinchar) <in- (1) + L. plēre: to fill. See pleno.]

hendedor, ra a. splitting; hendedura ≈ hendidura; hender t. to split, cleave. [L. findere: id. See *bheid- in App. Akin to Sp. fisión, E. fissure.]; hendible a. that can be split; hendido, da a. split; hendidura f. fissure, crack; hendiente a. down-stroke of a sword; hendija f. (Amer.) crack, split. [L. findicula: id. <findere.]; hendimiento m. cleaving, splitting; hendir ≈ hender.

henequén m. henequen. [Taino.]

hénide f. (poet.) nymph of the meadows. [From heno.]; henificar t. to spread grass for drying. [From -ficar.]; henil m. hayloft, barn; heno m. hay. [L. fēnum: hay. For first element fe- see fecundo. See *dhē(i)- in App. Akin to Sp. hinojo (1), E. fennel.]

henoteísmo m. henotheism, belief in one god without denying the existence of others. [Gk. henotheismus: id. <heno-, neut. of heis: one (see *sem-¹ in App.) + theos: god. See teísmo.]

henrío m. (elect.) henry, a unit of inductance. [After physicist Joseph Henry.]

heñir t. to knead. [Popular deriv. from L. fingere: to form. See fingir.]

heparina f. heparin; hepática f. (bot.) liverwort. [ML. hēpatica: id. hēpaticus: of the liver hēpar, hēpatos: liver yēkwr-: liver.]; hepático, ca a. hepatic; hepatitis f. hepatitis. [From -itis.]; hepatización f. conversion of tissue into a substance resembling liver tissue; hepatocito m. a parenchymal cell of the liver. [From -cito.]; hepatología f. the study of the liver. [From -logía.]; hepatólogo, ga m. & f. a person who studies hepatología.

hepta- combining form meaning seven. [Gk. hepta: seven. See *septm in App. Akin to Sp. hebdómada, E. September.]

heptacordo m. heptachord. [hepta- + cuerda.]

heptaedro m. (geom.) a solid figure with seven plane faces. [hepta- + -hedra.]

heptagonal a. seven-sided; heptágono m. heptagon. [hepta- + -gono (1).]

heptámetro, tra a. said of a verse of seven feet. [hepta- + -metro.]

heptarquía f. a country divided into seven kingdoms. [hepta- + -arquía.]

heptasilábico, ca a. heptasyllabic; heptasílabo, ba a. said of a line containing seven syllables. [hepta- + sílaba.]

heracleo, lea a. Herculean. [L. Heraclēus: id.]; heráclida a. Heraclidan. [See Hércules.]

heráldica f. heraldry; heráldico, ca a. heraldic; heraldista m. & f. expert in heraldry; heraldo m. herald; harbinger. [ML. heraldus: id. heralt, heraut: id. *hariwald: an officer in the army *harja-waldaz: military commander. See *koro- and *wal- in App. Akin to Sp. faraute, E. wield.]

herbáceo, cea a. herbaceous; herbajar t. to pasture; herbaje m. herbage. [ML. herbāticum: id. herba: herb. See hierba.]; herbajear ≈ herbajar; herbajero m. renter of pasture; herbar t. to dress skins with herbs; herbario, ria a. herbal; m. & f. herbalist; herbarium. [L. herbārius: id. <herba.]; herbaza f. large weed; herbazal m. weedy place; grassland; herbecer i. to begin to grow (grass). [L. herba. See -ecer.]; herbero m. esophagus of a ruminant; herbicida a. herbicidal; m. herbicide. [herba + -cida.]; herbívoro, ra a. herbivorous; m. herbivore. [From -voro.]

herbolado, da a. poisoned; herbolar t. to poison. [L. herbula, dim. of herba (see hierba) in a secondary sense of poison.]; herbolario, ria m. & f. herbalist; m. herb shop; herboristería f. a place where medicinal herbs are sold; herborización f. herborization; herborizador, ra m. & f. herbalist; herborizar i. to search for and study herbs; herboso, sa a. herbous. [From hierba.]

herciano, na a. (phys.) Hertzian. [Named after Heinrich Hertz.]; hercio m. hertz.

hercúleo, lea a. herculean; Hércules m. Hercules, a very strong person. [L. Hērcules: id. Hēraklēs <Hērā: Hera + kleos: fame. See *kleu-¹ in App. Akin to E. Clio.]

heredable a. that can be inherited; heredad f. country place, estate. [L. hērēditātem: id., acc. of hērēditās <hērēditātus, pp. of hērēditāre.]; heredado, da a. landed; m. & f. property owner; heredamiento m. landed property; heredar t. to inherit. [LL. hērēditāre: id. hērēs, hērēdis: heir. See *ghē-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. calar (2), E. hereditary.]; heredero, ra m. & f. heir, heiress; hereditario, ria a. hereditary.

hereje m. & f. heretic; (coll.) brute. [OProv. eretge: id. haereticus hairetikos: able to choose <hairetos: that may be chosen <hairein: to choose. See hairein in App. Akin to Sp. diéresis, E. syneresis.]; herejía f. heresy. [LL. haeresis: id. hairesis: a choosing <haireisthai: to choose, middle voice of hairein.]; herejote m. (coll.) out-and-out heretic.

herén m. vetch. [Var. of herrén.]

herencia f. inheritance; heritage. [OSp. herencia: goods, property (infl. in meaning by heredar) haerentia: property <haerentem, acc. of haerēns, prp. of haerēre: to cling, remain attached. See *ghais- in App. Akin to Sp. adherir, E. hesitate.]

heresiarca m. author of a heresy. [LL. haeresiarcha: id. hairesiarkhēs hairesis: heresy (see hereje) + arkhēs: ruler. See -arca.]

herético, ca a. heretical. [L. haereticus: id. hairetikos: able to choose <hairetos <hairein: to choose. See hereje.]

herida f. wound; herido, da a. wounded; m. & f. wounded person; heridor, ra a. wounding. [From herir.]

heril a. rel. to master (of slaves). [L. erīlis: id. <erus: master. See *esu- in App. Akin to Sp. nansú, E. nainsook.]

herir t. to wound; to beat, strike. [L. ferīre: id. See *bher-² in App. Akin to Sp. zaherir, E. interfere.]

herma m. an armless bust. [So called because Hermes was often represented in this fashion. See hermético.]

hermafrodismo ≈ hermafroditismo; hermafrodita a. hermaphroditic; m. & f. hermaphrodite; hermafroditismo m. the presence of both male and female reproductive organs in an animal or plant; hermafrodito m. hermaphrodite. [L. Hermaphrodītus: id. Hermaphrodītos, the son of Hermes (male principle) and Aphrodite (female principle), who was fused with a nymph, resulting in one possessing physical traits of both sexes. See hermético + afrodita.]

hermana f. sister. [Fem. of hermano.]; hermanable a. fraternal; compatible; hermanado, da a. matched, like; hermanal a. fraternal; hermanamiento m. mating, matching, joining; hermanar t. to join, match; hermanastro, tra m. & f. stepbrother/ sister. [From -astro (2).]; hermandad f. fraternity, brotherhood; hermandarse r. to form a brotherhood; hermandino m. fellow of a rebellious movement in Galicia; hermanecer i. to get a new brother; hermano m. brother. [L. hermanus: id. <(frater) germānus: a. having the same parents <germen: offshoot. See germen.]; hermanuco m. (derog.) non-professed lay brother.

hermeneuta m. & f. one who professes hermeneutics; hermenéutica f. hermeneutics. [Gk. hermēneutikē: the science of interpretation, fem. of hermēneutikos <hermēneuein: to interpret <hermēneus: interpreter <Hermēs: Olympian god of boundaries, interpreter and messenger of the gods. OU.]; hermenéutico, ca a. hermeneutic; hermeticidad f. ≈ hermetismo; hermético, ca a. hermetic. [NL. hermēticus: id. Hermēs (Trismegistus): Hermes (thrice greatest) Hermēs (Trismegistos), a name given by the Neoplatonists and alchemists to the Egyptian god Thoth, who was identified with the Greek god Hermes, god of science and arts, and who supposedly invented the process of making a glass tube airtight by using a secret seal. Akin to E. hermaphrodite.]; hermetismo m. secretiveness; hermetizar t. to make airtight.

hermodátil m. a heart-shaped bulbous root formerly used as a cathartic. [Gk. hermodaktulon: id. <hermo- (<Hermēs: see hermético) + daktulon: <daktulos: finger. See -dáctilo.]

hermoseador, ra a. beautifying; m. & f. embellisher; hermoseamiento m. embellishment; hermosear t. to beautify; hermoso, sa a. beautiful. [L. fōrmōsus: beautiful, well-formed. See morphē in App. Akin to Sp. forma, E. formula.]; hermosura f. beauty.

hernia f. hernia. [L. hernia: rupture. See *gherə- in App. Akin to Sp. corión, E. cord.]; herniado, da a. herniated; herniario, ria a. hernial; herniarse r. to get a hernia; hernioso, sa a. herniated; hernista m. & f. hernia surgeon.

héroe m. hero. [L. hērōem: id., acc. of hērōs: id. hērōs (myth.): protector. See *ser-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. ormino, E. conserve.]; heroicidad f. heroism; heroico, ca a. heroic; heroína (1) f. heroine. [L. hērōīnē, hērōīna hērōinē, fem. of hērōs.]; heroína (2) f. heroin. [Fr. héroïne: id. Heroin, prob. coined after Gk. hērōs, prob. because of the euphoric feeling the drug provides.]; heroinómano, na a. said of a heroin addict. [From -mano.]; heroísmo m. heroism.

herpe ≈ herpes m. & f. herpes. [L. herpēs: id. herpēs: shingles, a spreading or creeping skin eruption <herpein: to creep. See *serp-² in App. Akin to Sp. serpiente, E. serpigo.]; herpético, ca a. herpetic; herpetismo m. predisposition to the suffering of herpes; herpetología f. herpetology. [Gk. herpeton: reptile <herpein. See -logía.]; herpetólogo, ga m. & f. herpetologist.

herpil m. sack of esparto netting with wide meshes, made for carrying straw, melons, etc. [OU.]

herrada a. referring to water in which a red-hot iron has been cooled; f. bucket; herradero m. branding; herrador m. one who fits with horseshoes; herredora f. farrier’s wife; herradura f. horseshoe. [From herrar.]

herraj ≈ erraj

herraje m. ironwork; herramental a. rel. to toolbag; m. toolbox; herramienta f. tool. [L. ferramenta: tools, pl. of ferramentum: iron tool <ferrum.]; herrar t. to shoe a horse; to brand. [VL. *ferrare: id. ferrum: iron. See hierro.]

herrén m. mixed grain for fodder. [VL. ferrāgo, ferrāginis: id. farrāgō: forage, mixed fodder <far: a kind of grain. See harina.]; herrenal ≈ herreñal m. field of mixed grain.

herrera f. blacksmith’s wife; herrería f. ironworks; smith’s shop; herrerillo m. titmouse. [So called because of the metallic quality of its song.]; herrero m. blacksmith. [L. ferrārius: id. <ferrum: iron. See hierro.]; herrerón m. (derog.) clumsy smith.

herreruelo ≈ ferreruelo

herrete m. tag; metal aglet (for a lace). [Dim. of hierro.]; herretear t. to tip with metal; herrezuelo m. light piece of iron.

herrial a. applied to certain large black grapes. [Prob. <hierro, in allusion to color.]

herrín m. rust. [VL. ferrīgō, ferrīginis: id. ferrūgō: rust, rust color <ferrum. See hierro.]; herriza f. rocky and rugged terrain which is resistant to the (steel) plow; herrón m. a game somewhat like horseshoes in which players throw rings at a peg in an effort to encircle it; one of the metal rings used in this game; herronada f. a blow with a metal ring; herropea f. hobble. [VL. *ferropedea: id. ferrum + *pedia <pēs, pedis: foot. See pie.]; herrumbrar t. to produce rust; herrumbre f. rust. [L. ferrūmen, ferrūminis: rust, iron oxide <ferrum.]; herrumbroso, sa a. rusty.

hertz ≈ hercio; hertziano ≈ herciano

hervencia f. boiling. [L. fervēscentia: id. <fervēscentem, acc. of fervēscēns, prp. of fervēscere, inchoat. of fervēre.]; herventar t. to boil; hervidero m. boiling; seething mass; hervido, da a. boiled; m. boiling; hervidor m. kettle, boiler; hervir i. to boil, bubble. [L. fervēre: id. See *bhrēu- in App. Akin to Sp. fervor, E. ferment.]; hervor m. boiling, fervor; hervoroso, sa a. fiery, ardent.

hesitación f. hesitation. [L. haesitātiōnem: id., acc. of haesitātiō <haesitātus, pp. of haesitāre.]; hesitar i. to hesitate. [L. haesitāre: to stick fast; to be uncertain, hesitate, freq. of haerēre: to adhere. See herencia.]

hespérico, ca a. Hesperian. [L. Hesperius: id. hesperios: western, of the evening <hesperos: evening. See *wes-pero- in App. Akin to Sp. víspera, E. west.]; hespéride a. rel. to the Hesperides, the three nymphs who together with a dragon guarded the golden apples which Gaea had given as a wedding gift to Hera; (poet.) western. [L. Hesperides: id. Hesperides: daughters of the West, pl. of hesperis, fem. of hesperios. The Hesperides’ orchard was in the far western corner of the world, where trees bearing immortality-giving golden apples grew.]; hesperidio m. hesperidium, a berry having a thickened leathery rind, as an orange or other citrus fruit. So called in allusion to the Hesperides’ orchard; hespérido ≈ hesperide; hesperio, ria a. hesperian, of the evening; Héspero m. Venus; evening star; héspero ≈ hesperio.

hetaira ≈ hetera

heteo m. Hittite. [From Heb. Hitti: id., ult.

hetera f. female companion. [Gk. hetaira, fem. of hetairos: companion. See *s(w)e- in App. Akin to Sp. etnia, E. hetaera.]

hétero- hetero-, combining form meaning other. [Gk. hetero-: id. <heteros: other. See *sem-¹ in App.]

heterocerca a. heterocercal. [hétero- + Gk. kerkos: tail. See carraca (1).]

heterocíclico, ca a. heterocyclic; heterociclo m. a heterocycle ring system. [hétero- + ciclo.]

heteroclamídeo, dea a. having a perianth whose calyx and corolla are differentiated as to color and texture. [hétero- + clámide.]

heteróclito, ta a. heteroclite. [hétero- + Gk. klitos: inflected <klīnein: to bend. See clino-.]

heterodino m. heterodyne. [hétero- + dina.]

heterodoxia f. heterodoxy. [hétero- + Gk. doxa: opinion, honor, glory <dokein: to seem, to think. See dogma.]; heterodóxo, xa a. heterodox.

heterogeneidad f. heterogeneity; heterogéneo, nea a. heterogeneous. [hétero- + Gk. genos: kind. See gen.]

heteromancia ≈ heteromancía f. divination by the flight of birds from one side to the other. [hétero- + -mancia.]

heterómero, ra a. that has differing parts within the same structure. [hétero- + -mero.]

heteronimia f. heteronym. [hétero + -onimia.]; heterónimo, ma a. heteronymous. [From -ónimo.]

heterónomo, ma a. under the rule of another; having different laws. [hétero- + Gk. nomos: law. See -nomía.]

heteroplastia f. (surg.) heteroplasty. [hétero- + -plastia.]

heterópsido, da a. (metals) lusterless; said of something presenting an aspect distinct from or other than it really is. [hétero- + Gk. opsis: sight, view. See -opsia.]

heteroscio, cia a. one who lives either north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; so called because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions, one northward, the other southward. [hétero- + ascio.]

heterosexual a. m. & f. heterosexual. [hétero- + sexual.]; heterosexualidad f. heterosexuality.

heterótrofo, fa a. heterotrophic; m. an organism unable to synthesize its own food, and that needs complex organic substances for nutrition. [hétero- + -trofo.]

hético ≈ héctico; hetiquez ≈ hectiquez

heurística f. the art or practice of using heuristic methods; heurístico, ca a. heuristic, serving to discover, esp. designating a method in which the pupil proceeds along empirical lines to find solutions. [NL. heuristicis: id. heuriskein: to find out. From IE. *wer-: to find. Akin to ¡eureka!]

hexa- combining form meaning six. [Gk. hex: six. See *s(w)eks in App.]

hexacordo m. (mus.) hexachord. [hexa- + cuerda.]

hexaedro m. cube. [hexa- + -hedra.]

hexagonal ≈ hexágono, na a. hexagonal; m. hexagon. [hexa- + -gono (1).]

hexámetro, tra a. said of a verse of six feet. [hexa- + -metro.]

hexángulo, la a. said of a polygon with six angles and six sides. [hexa- + -ángulo.]

hexápodo, da a. said of an animal with six feet. [hexa- + -podo.]

hexasílabo, ba a. of six syllables. [hexa- + sílabo.]

hez f. scum, lees, dregs; pl. (heces) feces, excrement. [L. faex, pl. faecēs: id. OU. Akin to Sp. defecar, E. feculent.]

híadas ≈ híades f. Hyades, daughters of Atlas and Aethra, placed in the sky by Zeus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the approach of rain when they rose with the sun. [L. Hyades: id. Huades: a group of stars near the Pleiades, lit. bringers of rain <huein: to rain. See *seuə- in App. Akin to Sp. opio, E. succulent.]

hialino, na a. hyaline, said of a substance with a glass-like appearance. [LL. hyalinus: id. hualinos: glassy <hualos: alabaster, crystal. OU.]; hialoideo, dea a. glass-like. [From -oideo.]

hiante a. said of a verse with a hiatus. [L. hiantem, acc. of hiāns, prp. of hiāre.]; hiato m. hiatus. [L. hiātus: id. hiāre: to yawn. See *ghē-² in App. Akin to Sp. dehiscencia, E. yawn.]

hibernación f. hibernation; hibernal a. wintry; hibernar i. to hibernate. [L. hībernāre: to pass the winter <hībernus: of winter. See *ghei- in App. Akin to Sp. invierno, E. hibernaculum.]

hibernés, nesa a. Hibernian, Irish; hibérnico, ca a. Hibernian. [L. Hibernia, poetic word for Ireland *Iverionem, the prehistoric Celt. name for Ireland. See Irlanda. The form Hibernia was infl. by L. hībernus: of winter – see invierno.]

hibisco m. hibiscus. [LL. hibiscus: marsh mallow. Prob.

hibridación f. production of hybrids; hibridismo m. hybridism; híbrido, da a. hybrid. [L. hybrida: mongrel. OU. Prob hubris.]; hibridoma m. hybridoma. [From -oma.]

hidalgo, ga a. noble; m. & f. nobleman/ woman. [OSp. fidalgo: id., contract. of fijo de algo: son of something, son of fortune <fijo: son (fīlius: son – see hijo) + de + algo.]; hidalgote, ta m. & f. (derog.) old nobleman/woman; hidalguejo, ja ≈ hidalgüelo, la ≈ hidalguete, ta m. & f. petty nobleman/ woman; hidalguez ≈ hidalguía f. nobility.

hidátide f. hydatid, a cyst-like structure. [Gk. hudatis, hudatidos: watery vesicle <hudōr: water. See hidro-.]; hidatídico, ca a. rel. to hydatid.

hidra (1) f. poisonous snake. [Gk. hudrā: a water serpent. See *wed-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. endriago, E. otter.]; hidra (2) f. hydra, a small freshwater polyp. [L. hydra: id. Hudrā: Hydra <hudrā. The idea of polyp comes from hydras being able to reproduce themselves from cut-off parts, as the mythical Hydra grew back two heads in place of each one that was cut off.]

hidrácido m. hydracid. [hidro- + ácido.]

hidrargirio ≈ hidrargiro; hidrargirismo m. poisoning by mercury; hidrargiro m. hydrargyrum. [NL. hydrargyrum: id. hudrarguros: quicksilver <hidro- + arguros: silver. See litarge.]

hidrartrosis f. water effusion into a joint cavity. [hidro- + -artro- + -sis.]

hidratación f. hydration; hidratar t. to hydrate; hidrato m. hydrate. [Coined from hidro- with the chem. suffix -ato.]

hidráulica f. hydraulics; hidráulico, ca a. hydraulic. [L. hidraulicus: id. hudraulikos <hudraulis: water organ <hidro- + aulos: pipe. See *aulo- in App. Akin to alvéolo.]

hidria f. ancient water jar or pitcher. [L. hydria: id. hudria: id. <hudōr.]; hídrico, ca a. hydric; -hídrico ≈ hidro- combining form meaning water. [Gk. hudro-: id. <hudōr: water. See *wed-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. drope, E. hydrant.]

hidroavión m. hydroplane. [hidro- + avión.]

hidrobiología f. hydrobiology. [hidro- + biología.]

hidrocarburo m. hydrocarbon. [hidro- + carburo.]

hidrocefalia f. hydrocephaly; hidrocéfalo, la a. hydrocephalic; m. dropsy in the head. [hidro- + -céfalo.]

hidrocele f. accumulation of serous fluid, esp. in the scrotum. [hidro- + -cele.]

hidroclorato m. hydrochlorate. [hidro- + clorato.]; hidroclórico, ca a. hydrochloric.

hidrodinámica f. hydrodynamics; hidrodinámico, ca a. hydrodynamic. [hidro- + dinámico.]

hidroelectricidad f. hydroelectricity; hidroeléctrico, ca a. hydroelectric. [hidro- + eléctrico.]

hidrófana f. a variety of opal that becomes transparent when in water. [hidro- + Gk. -phanēs: appearing <phainein: to show. See feno-.]

hidrofilacio m. cavern full of water. [hidro- + Gk. phulakion: a place in which something is kept <phulassein: to protect. See profiláctica.]

hidrófilo, la a. water loving; absorbent. [hidro- + -filo (1).]

hidrofobia f. hydrophobia. [hidro- + -fobia.]; hidrófobo, ba a. hydrophobic.

hidrófugo, ga a. moisture proof. [hidro- + -fugo.]

hidrogenación f. hydrogenating or subjecting to the action of hydrogen; hidrógeno m. hydrogen, lit. water generating, since this element forms water when oxidized. [hidro- + -geno.]

hidrogeología f. hydrogeology. [hidro- + geología.]; hidrogeológico, ca a. hydrogeologic; hidrogeólogo, ga m. & f. one who studies hydrogeology.

hidrognosia f. that part of knowledge that explains the history and qualities of global waters. [hidro- + gnosis.]

hidrogogía f. science of canal-making. [hidro- + Gk. agōgē: a leading <agein: to lead, drive. See agogía.]

hidrografía f. hydrography. [hidro- + -grafía.]; hidrográfico, ca a. hydrographic; hydrógrafo m. hydrographer.

hidrólisis f. hydrolysis. [hidro- + -lisis.]

hidrología f. hydrology. [hidro- + -logía.]; hidrológico, ca a. hydrologic; hidrólogo, ga m. & f. hydrologist.

hidroma m. a serous tumor. [hidro- + -oma.]

hidromancia ≈ hidromancía f. hydromancy. [hidro- + -mancia.]; hidromántico, ca a. hydromantic.

hidromecánico, ca a. hydromechanic; f. hydromechanics. [hidro- + mecánico.]

hidromel ≈ hidromiel m. a liquor made of honey and water. [L. hydromeli: id. hudromeli. See hidro- + meliloto.]

hidrometeoro m. hydrometeor. [hidro- + meteoro.]

hidrómetra m. & f. expert in hydrometry; hidrometría f. hydrometry. [hidro- + -metría.]; hidrométrico, ca a. hydrometric; hidrómetro m. hydrometer.

hidronimia f. that part of toponymy that studies the origin and meanings of the names of bodies of waters. [hidro- + -onimia.]; hidronímico, ca a. hydronymic; hidrónimo m. names of bodies of waters. [From -ónimo.]

hidrópata m. & f. hydropath; hidropatía f. hydropathy. [hidro- + -patía.]; hidropático, ca a. hydropathic.

hidropesía f. dropsy. [L. hydrōpisis: id. hudrōpiāsis <hudrōps: dropsy, a dropsical person <hidro- + opsis: face. See -opsia.]; hidrópico, ca a. suffering from dropsy.

hidroplano m. hydroplane. [hidro- + plano (2).]

hidroponía f. hydroponics. [hidro- + a deriv. of Gk. ponos: labor, toil <ponein: to labor. See *(s)pen- in App. Akin to geoponía.]; hidropónico, ca a. hydroponic.

hidroquinona f. hydroquinone. [hidro- + E. <quinone: either of two isomeric compounds <quin(id acid) (+ suff. -one) <quinine quinina.]

hidroscopia f. hydroscopy. [hidro- + -scopia.]

hidrosfera f. hydrosphere. [hidro- + esfera.]

hidrosilicato m. hydrated silicate. [hidro- + silicato.]

hidrosol m. a disperse system in which water is the disperse medium. [hidro- + sol(ución).]

hidrosoluble a. that is soluble in water. [hidro- + soluble.]

hidrostática f. hydrostatics. [hidro- + estática.]; hydrostático, ca a. hydrostatic.

hidrotecnia f. hydraulic engineering. [hidro- + -tecnia.]

hidroterapia f. hydrotherapy. [hidro- + terapia.]; hidroterápico, ca a. hydrotherapeutic.

hidrotermal a. said of geographical features produced by hot magmatic emanations rich in water. [hidro- + termal.]

hidrotórax m. accumulation of serous fluid in pleural cavities. [hidro- + tórax.]

hidróxido m. hydroxide. [hidro- + óxido.]

hidroxilo m. hydroxy. [Formed from hidr(o)- + ox(ígeno) + -ilo.]

hiedra f. ivy. [L. hedera: id. See *ghend- in App. Akin to Sp. depredar, E. prison.]

hiel f. gall, bile. [L. fel: id. See *ghel-² in App. Akin to Sp. cólera (1), E. melancholy.]

hielo m. ice. [L. gelū: frost, cold. See *gel-² in App. Akin to Sp. helar, E. congeal.]

hiemal a. wintry, hibernal. [L. hiemālis: id. <hiems, hiemis: winter. See *ghei- in App. Akin to Sp. invierno, E. hibernate.]

hiena f. hyena. [L. hyaena: id. huaina, fem. of hūs: swine, female pig, so called in allusion to its bristly hog-like mane. See *sū- in App. Akin to Sp. sífilis, E. swine.]

hienda f. dung. [VL. *femita: id., dim. of *femus, alter. of L. fimus: manure. See *dheu- in App. Akin to Sp. fimo, E. fume.]

hierático, ca a. hieratic(al). [L. hierāticus: id. hierātikos: rel. to priest <hierāteia: priesthood <hierāsthai: to be a priest <hiereus: priest <hieros: holy. See hiero-.]

hierba f. herb, grass. A secondary meaning is poison, usually found in the plural. [L. herba: grass, herb. See *ghrē- in App. Akin to Sp. enherbolar, E. green.]; hierbabuena f. mint. [From bueno.]; herbajo m. herbage; hierbezuela f. small herb.

hiero ≈ yero

hiero- combining form meaning sacred or holy. [Gk. hieros: holy. See *eis- in App. Akin to Sp. jerarca, E. hieratic.]

hieródulo, la m. & f. a slave attached to the service of a temple in Ancient Greece. [hiero- + Gk. doulos: slave. OU. Akin to dulía.]

hierofanta ≈ hierofante m. hierophant, an interpreter of sacred mysteries or arcane knowledge. [L. hierophantēs <hiero- + Gk. phantēs: one who shows <phainein: to show. See feno-.]

hieroglífico, ca a. hieroglyphic. [hiero- + -glífico.]

hieroscopia f. haruspicy, a form of divination by natural phenomena, especially from inspection of the entrails of animal. [hiero- + -scopia.]

hierrezeulo m. small piece of iron; hierro m. iron. [OSp. fierro: id. ferrum: id. See ferrum in App. Akin to Sp. testaférrea, E. fer-de-lance.]

higa f. fist-shaped charm or amulet; a sign of contempt; a fist made with the thumb between two fingers. [It. fica; fig *fīca: id. fīcus: fig. See higo.]; higadilla f. ≈ higadillo m. liver (of birds or small animals); hígado m. liver. [LL. fīcātum: id. (iecur) fīcātum: (liver) served with figs, or a reference to the feeding of figs to animals whose liver was going to be eaten (a translation of Gk. hēpar (see hepática) sukōton: figged liver <sukon: fig. See sicofanta.).]; higate m. fig and pork stew.

higiene f. hygiene. [Fr. hygiène: id. hugieinē (tekhnē) (art) of health <hugiēs: healthy. See *aiw- in App. Akin to Sp. edad, E. eternal.]; higiénico, ca a. hygienic; higienista m. & f. hygienist; higienización f. making hygienic; higienizar t. to make hygienic.

higo m. fig. [L. fīcus: fig (tree). OU. Prob. pagh: half-ripe fig.]

higro- combining form meaning moisture. [Gk. hugros: wet, liquid. See *wegw- in App.]; higroma m. a cystic tumor containing serum. [higro- + -oma.]

higrometría f. hygrometry. [higro- + -metría; higrométrico, ca a. hygrometric; higrómetro m. hygrometry.

higroscopia f. hygrometry. [higro- + -scopia.]; higroscopicidad f. the property of organic and inorganic organisms to absorb and emit moisture according to circumstances; higroscópico, ca a. hygroscopic; higroscopio m. hygroscope.

higuana ≈ iguana

higuera f. fig tree. [L. fīcāria: id. <fīcus: fig. See higo.]; higueral m. grove of fig trees; higuereta f. castor oil plant; higuerilla f. small fig tree.

higüero ≈ güira

higuerón ≈ higuerote m. (Amer.) a large tropical tree. [From higo.]

hija f. daughter. [L. fīlia: id., fem. of fīlius. See hijo.]

hijastro, tra m. & f. stepson/daughter. [L. fīliaster, fīliastra: id. <fīlius: son +

-astro (2).]; hijato m. bud or shoot of a plant; hijo m. son. [OSp. fijo fīlius: id. <*felios, lit. a suckling. See *dhē(i)- in App. Akin to Sp. fecundo, E. affiliate.]; hijodalgo ≈ hidalgo; hijuco, ca m. & f. derog. form of hijo, hija; hijuela f. small girl; hijuelo m. small boy; (bot.) sucker, shoot.

hila f. row, line, thin gut; the act of spinning. [From hilar.]

hilacha f. loose thread; hilachoso, sa a. having many loose threads. [From hilo.]; hilada f. row, line; hiladillo m. floss silk; narrow ribbon or tape; hiladizo, za a. that can be spun; hilado, da a. spun; m. thread; spinning; hilador, ra a. spinning; m. & f. spinner; hilandería f. spinning; spinning mill; hilandero, ra m. & f. spinner; m. spinning room; hilar t. to spin. [LL. fīlāre: id. fīlum: thread. See hilo.]

hilarante a. laughing; hilarious. [L. hilarantem: id., acc. of hilarāns, prp. of hilarāre: to be happy or gay hilaros: gay. See *sel-² in App. Akin to Sp. solaz, E. silly.]; hilaridad f. hilarity. [L. hilaritātem: id., acc. of hilaritās <hilaris: cheerful hilaros.]

hilatura f. spinning; spun goods; hilaza f. yarn, fiber. [From hilar.]

hilemorfismo m. hylomorphism. [Gk. hūlē: wood, matter (see -ilo) + morphē: form. See morfo-.]

hilera f. row, file; thread, filament; hilero m. eddy, current; hilete m. small thread; hilio m. a scar on a seed. [L. hīlum: something trifle; little thread or fiber, var. of fīlum.]; hilo m. thread; filament, fiber; fine wire. [L. fīlum: thread. See *gwhī- in App. Akin to Sp. filo (1), E. enfilade.]

hilomorfismo ≈ hilemorfismo

hilozoismo m. belief that matter is animated. [Gk. hūlē: wood (OU.) + zōē: life. See ázoe.]

hilván ≈ hilvanado m. (sew.) tacking, basting. [hilo + vano (in the sense of widely spaced).]; hilvanar t. (sew.) to tack, baste.

himen m. hymen. [LL. hymēn: id. humēn: thin skin, membrane. See *syū- in App. Akin to Sp. coser, E. sew.]; himeneo m. marriage; a lyric ode in honor of a bride and bridegroom. [L. hymenaeus: rel. to marriage humenaios: id. <Humenai hō: refrain of a wedding song <Humēn: god of marriage in Greek myth <humēn.]; himenóptero, ra a. rel. to the order Hymenoptera which includes insects usually having two pairs of membranous wings. [Gk. humenopteros: membrane-winged <humēn: membrane + pteron: wing. See -ptero.]

himnario m. hymnal. [L. hymnārium: id. <hymnus.]; himno m. hymn. [L. hymnus: id. humnos: a song praising the gods. OU. Prob. akin to Humēn, the god of marriage. See himeneo.]; himnodia f. singing of hymns; hymns collectively. [From -odia.]

himpar i. to groan with hiccups. [Imit.]

himplar i. to roar, bellow (as a panther). [Dial. var. of L. hippitāre: to hiccup. See hipar.]

hincadura f. sticking, driving; hincapié m. emphasis; a bracing of the foot for strength. [From pie.]; hincar t. to drive, stick, thrust. [OSp. fincar: id. See fincar.]; hinco m. post or pole stuck in the ground; hincón m. hitching post.

hincha f. (coll.) hatred; m. & f. fan, supporter (sports); hinchado, da a. inflated, vain; hinchamiento m. swelling; hinchar t. to swell, inflate. [L. īnflāre: id., lit. to blow into <in- (1) + flāre: to blow. See hallar.]; hinchazón f. swelling; arrogance.

hindi m. Hindi. [Hindi Hindī: id. <Hind: India sindhuh: the river Indus. See índigo.]; hindú m. Hindu. [OPers. Hindū: id. <Hind: India sindhuh. Akin to cendal, India (1).]; hinduísmo m. Hinduism; hinduísta a. rel. to Hinduism.

hiniesta f. Spanish broom. [L. genesta: id., var. of genista. See genista.]

hinnible a. capable of neighing. [L. hinnibilis: id. <hinnīre: to neigh. See relinchar.]

hinojal m. fennel bed; hinojo (1) m. fennel. [L. fēniculum: id., dim. of fēnum: hay. See heno.]

hinojo (2) m. knee. [VL. genuculum: id., dim. of L. genū: knee. See *genu-¹ in App. Akin to Sp. cenojil, E. knee. In OSp. there was a confusion between inojo: knee <yenojo genū, and fēniculum, dim. of fēnum (see prec.). As a result, rodilla was adopted as the word for knee.]; de hinojos adv. kneeling.

hinque m. a child’s game during which a pointed stick is thrust into moist soil. [From hincar.]

hintero m. baker’s kneading table. [VL. *finctōrium: id. <*finctum for L. fictum fingere: to form. See fingir.]

hiogloso, sa a. rel. to the hyoid bone and the tongue. [From -glosa.]; hioideo, dea ≈ hioides a. hyoid. [NL. hȳoīdēs: id. hūoeidēs: shaped like the letter upsilon <hū: upsilon + oeidēs. See -oides. Akin to ípsilon.]

hipálage f. hypallage, a figure of speech in which the syntactic relationship between two words is reversed. [L. hypallage: id. hupallagē: exchange <hupallassein: to exchange <hupo (see hipo- (1)) + allassein: to change <allos: other. See alo-.]

hipar i. to have the hiccups. [VL. *hippāre: id. <*hippitāre. Imit.]

hiper- hyper-, combining form meaning superiority or excess. [L. hyper-: id. huper-: id. <huper: beyond. See *uper in App. Akin to super-.]

hiperbático, ca a. hyperbatic; hipérbatón m. hyperbaton. [L. hyperbaton: id. huperbaton: transposed, neut. of huperbatos <huperbainein: to step over <huper- (see hiper-) + bainein: to step. See base.]

hipérbola f. hyperbola. [NL. hyperbola: id. huperbolē: a throwing beyond, excess <huperballein: to throw beyond <huper- (see hiper-) + ballein: to throw. See balista.]; hipérbole f. hyperbole. [L. hyperbole: id. huperbolē.]; hiperbólico, ca a. hyperbolic; hiperbolizar i. to use hyperboles; hiperboloide m. hyperboloid. [From -oide.]

hiperbóreo, rea a. of the far north; very cold. [L. Hyperboreus: id. huperboreos: beyond the north wind <huper- (see hiper-) + boreās: north wind <boreios: coming from the north. See bóreas.]

hiperclorhidria f. hyperchlorhydria. [hiper- and a deriv. of clorhídrico.]; hiperclorhídrico, ca a. hyperchlorhydric.

hipercrisis f. extreme crisis. [hiper- + crisis.]; hipercrítica f. extreme criticism; hipercrítico, ca a. hypercritical.

hiperdulía f. hyperdulia, the special veneration due to the Blessed Virgin Mary. [hiper- + dulía.]

hiperémesis f. hyperemesis, a condition that occurs during pregnancy and is a severe form of morning sickness. [hiper- + Gk. emēsis: vomit <emein: to vomit. See emético.]

hiperemia f. hyperemia, an excess of blood in a part. [hiper- + -emia.]

hiperestesia f. hyperesthesia. [hiper- + -estesia.]; hiperestesiar t. to cause hyperesthesia; hiperestésico, ca a. hyperesthetic.

hiperfunción f. an increase in the normal function of an organ. [hiper- + función.]

hiperhidrosis f. hyperhidrosis. [hiper- + -hidro- + -osis.]

hipericíneo, nea a. said of hypericin; hipérico m. hypericin, a drug produced synthetically or as an extract of St. John’s wort. [L. hyperīcum: id. huperīkon : under (see hipo- (1)) + ereikē: heath. See ericáceo.]

hipermercado m. supermarket. [hiper- + mercado.]

hipermetamorfosis f.