Ectropion, (Everted Eyelid) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Ectropion (Everted Eyelid), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

Ectropion is not as common as Entropion.
Senile ectropion is often bilateral and results from a natural loss of muscle tone and orbital fat.

Ectropion is a medical disorder when the lower eyelid turns or sags down and outward, away from the eye, exposing the inner surface of the lower eyelid.

Ectropion is categorized into these categories on the basis of cause:

1. Congenital ectropion

This is due to a developmental vertical foreshortening of anterior lamellar tissue, causing eversion of the lid margin

2. Cicatricial ectropion

This happens from vertical foreshortening induced by the acquired scarring or inflammation and may happen together with involutional horizontal lengthening of the lid margin caused by chronic vertical traction.

The treatment in these cases is aimed at lengthening the lid vertically with mid-face lifting or skin grafts or flaps.

Concomitant repair of any horizontal component is the same as repair of involutional ectropion

3. Mechanical ectropion

This is due to a mass effect on the eyelid (e.g., from a tumor), which draws the lid margin away from the globe

It is treated through treatment of the underlying causative factor (e.g., tumor excision)

4. Involutional ectropion

This is caused by horizontal laxity of the eyelid, making stretching of the lid or dehiscence of its attachments at the medial or lateral canthus, with resultant out-turning of the lid margin

Of these, involutional ectropion is the type most often observed in medical practice.

Causes

The main cause of ectropion is muscle weakness or tissue relaxation that happens as part of the normal aging process.

Ectropion may be due to several factors such as facial paralysis and injury.

The most frequent cause is muscle weakness or slipping due to aging.

The risk of developing ectropion rises with age.

Other risk factors are:

1. Stroke
2. Skin cancer
3. Injury
4. Scar tissue from injuries or burns
5. Growths on the eyelid (either cancerous or benign)
6. Birth defects (due to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome)
7. Bell’s palsy — which injures the nerve that controls facial muscles or other types of facial paralysis
8. Previous surgery or radiation treatment of the eyelids
9. Rapid and significant weight loss

Symptoms

Ectropion (out-turning of the eyelid) can manifest with keratoconjunctivopathy, infection, and dermatitis, among other signs and symptoms.

Tearing is a frequent manifestation when the punctum is everted (causing a tear outflow problem) or not (as in reflex tearing from irritation and exposure keratoconjunctivopathy).

Combined-mechanism tearing is not abnormal in these patients.

This disorder can produce eye dryness, excessive tearing, and irritation.

When a person blinks, the eyelids help dispense tears that protect and lubricate the eyes.

The tears pass into the puncta, which are openings inside the eyelids that go to the tear ducts.

When the lower lid turns outward, it influences the way tears drain.

This draining of the tears can produce a range of symptoms such as:

1. Excessive tearing
2. Excessive dryness
3. Irritation
4. Burning
5. Redness
6. Chronic conjunctivitis (inflammation also known as “red eye”)

If a person has symptoms of ectropion, a person requires prompt medical treatment.

Artificial tears and eye ointments can help lubricate the cornea and prevent vision-threatening injury.

Frequent wiping of watery eyes can induce the under-eye muscles to stretch even further, making the ectropion worse.

Surgical correction is best treatment for ectropion.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Ectropion (Everted Eyelid)
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Sy

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Jan 11, 2021
• ISBN: 9780463029503

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Ectropion,

(Everted Eyelid)

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2021 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Ectropion (Everted Eyelid), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Ectropion)

This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Ectropion

Ectropion is not as common as Entropion.

Senile ectropion is often bilateral and results from a natural loss of muscle tone and orbital fat.

What is Ectropion?

Ectropion is a medical disorder when the lower eyelid turns or sags down and outward, away from the eye, exposing the inner surface of the lower eyelid.

Ectropion is categorized into these categories on the basis of cause:

1. Congenital ectropion

This is due to a developmental vertical foreshortening of anterior lamellar tissue, causing eversion of the lid margin

2. Cicatricial ectropion

This happens from vertical foreshortening induced by the acquired scarring or inflammation and may happen together with involutional horizontal lengthening of the lid margin caused by chronic vertical traction.

The treatment in these cases is aimed at lengthening the lid vertically with mid-face lifting or skin grafts or flaps.

Concomitant repair of any horizontal component is the same as repair of involutional ectropion

3. Mechanical ectropion

This is due to a mass effect on the eyelid (e.g., from a tumor), which draws the lid margin away from the globe

It is treated through treatment of the underlying causative factor (e.g., tumor excision)

4. Involutional ectropion

This is caused by horizontal laxity of the eyelid, making stretching of the lid or dehiscence of its attachments at the medial or lateral canthus, with resultant out-turning of the lid margin

Of these, involutional ectropion is the type most often