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Essays of Theodicy: The Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil
Essays of Theodicy: The Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil
Essays of Theodicy: The Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil
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Essays of Theodicy: The Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil

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"Theodicy" is a book of philosophy by the German polymath Gottfried Leibniz published in 1710, whose optimistic approach to the problem of evil is thought to have inspired Voltaire's "Candide". Much of the work consists of a response to the ideas of the French philosopher Pierre Bayle, with whom Leibniz carried on a debate for many years. The "Theodicy" tries to justify the apparent imperfections of the world by claiming that it is optimal among all possible worlds. It must be the best possible and most balanced world, because it was created by an all powerful and all knowing God, who would not choose to create an imperfect world if a better world could be known to him or possible to exist. In effect, apparent flaws that can be identified in this world must exist in every possible world, because otherwise God would have chosen to create the world that excluded those flaws. Leibniz distinguishes three forms of evil: moral, physical, and metaphysical. Moral evil is sin, physical evil is pain, and metaphysical evil is limitation. God permits moral and physical evil for the sake of greater goods, and metaphysical evil is unavoidable since any created universe must necessarily fall short of God's absolute perfection.
LanguageEnglish
Release dateDec 17, 2020
ISBN4064066395391
Essays of Theodicy: The Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil
Author

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz wird 1646 in Leipzig als Sohn eines Juristen und Professors der Moralphilosophie geboren. Bereits als Achtjähriger eignet sich der Junge autodidaktisch die lateinische Sprache an und entwickelt die Anfänge einer mathematischen Zeichensprache. Nach dem Studium der Rechte und Philosophie an den Universitäten Leipzig, Jena und Altdorf wendet sich Leibniz außeruniversitären Aufgaben zu und lebt u.a. bis 1672 als Diplomat in Paris. Dort entwickelt er die Infinitesimalrechnung und eine Rechenmaschine für die vier Grundrechenarten, für die er in die Londoner Royal Society aufgenommen wird. Zu Lebzeiten erscheint nur ein philosophisches Werk Leibnizens, die Theodicée (1710), während die Neuen Abhandlungen über den menschlichen Verstand nach dem Tode Lockes von Leibniz aus dem Druck zurückgezogen werden. Sein System ist in einer Vielzahl kleinerer Untersuchungen aus den Jahren 1686-1716 enthalten. Das Zentrum bildet dabei die Monadologie, in der Leibniz in knapper Form seine Substanzmetaphysik zusammenfaßt. 1676 läßt sich Leibniz in Hannover nieder, wo er als Hofrat und Bibliothekar wirkt. Seinen intensiven Austausch mit nahezu allen Gelehrten und Monarchen Europas findet sich in über 15000 erhaltenen Briefen und führt nicht zuletzt 1700 zur Gründung der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nicht unangefeindet stirbt Leibniz 1716 in Hannover.

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    Essays of Theodicy - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

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