Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Third Edition

By American Nurses Association

Nursing is centered on caring for and respecting human beings, including those who are detained or incarcerated and those who are under legal supervision in the community. Correctional registered nurses provide evidence-based nursing care, as well as advocacy, health education, and prevention this diverse and often underserved practice population. Correctional nurses face complex demographics and unique health, ethical, legal, and social challenges.
In 2018, the American Nurses Association (ANA) convened a volunteer work group of correctional nurses to review and revise the 2013 Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Second Edition. This new edition’s scope of practice addresses what is expected of all correctional nurses, specifying the who, what, where, when, why, and how of their practice. The detailed discussion of that scope of practice provides the context needed to understand and use the standards, presenting the underlying assumptions, characteristics, environments and settings, education and training requirements, key issues and trends, and ethical and conceptual bases of the specialty. The 16 standards themselves are those by which all correctional nurses are held accountable for their practice. Each standard is measurable by a set of specific competencies that serve as evidence of minimal compliance with that standard.
In addition to correctional nursing practitioners, educators, and students, the Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 3rd Edition, will also be useful for other nursing professionals and allied healthcare providers, researchers, and scholars. In addition, it will be of interest to others involved in the correctional industry, including employers, insurers, lawyers, regulators, policy makers, and stakeholders.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Nursesbooks
• Release date: Nov 11, 2020
• ISBN: 9781947800786

American Nurses Association

The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the premier organization representing the interests of the nation's 4 million registered nurses. ANA is at the forefront of improving the quality of health care for all. Founded in 1896, and with members in all 50 states and U.S. territories, ANA is the strongest voice for the profession

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About the American Nurses Association

The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the only full-service professional organization representing the interests of the nation’s 4.2 million registered nurses through its constituent/state nurses associations and its organizational affiliates. ANA advances the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, and by lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the public.

American Nurses Association

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Copyright © 2021 ANA. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBNs SAN: 851-3481

print 978-1-947800-77-9

epdf 978-1-947800-79-3

epub 978-1-947800-78-6

mobi 978-1-947800-80-9

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Audience for This Publication

Scope of Correctional Nursing Practice

Definitions

A History of Nurses Within the Correctional Environment

1800s

1900—Present

Population Served

Correctional Nursing Practice and Roles

Primary Care

Acute Care

Urgent or Emergency Care

Palliative Care

Restricted Housing Care

Special Care

Transitional Care

Care Coordination

Medication Management

Health Promotion

Patient Education

Advocacy

Delegation

Preservation of Safety

Correctional Nursing Practice Settings

Point of Care

Institutional Designs

Accreditation in Correctional Health Care

Professional Guidance for Correctional Nursing Practice

Nine Provisions of the Code of Ethics for Nurses

Provision 1. The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.

Provision 2. The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group community, or population.

Provision 3. The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient.

Provision 4. The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse’s obligation to provide optimum patient care.

Provision 5. The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to promote health and safety, preserve wholeness of character and integrity, maintain competence, and continue personal and professional growth.

Provision 6. The nurse through individual and collective effort, establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical environment of the work setting and conditions of employment that are conducive to safe, quality health care.

Provision 7. The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development.

Provision 8. The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public to protect human rights, promote health diplomacy, and reduce health disparities.

Provision 9. The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice, and for shaping social policy.

Guiding Principles for Correctional Nursing Practice

Educational Preparation and Certification

Graduate-Level Prepared Nurses in the Correctional Setting

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses in the Correctional Setting

Partnerships with Community and Academic Nurses

Nursing Leadership in the Correctional Setting

Specialty Certification

Research and Evidence-Based Practice

Translation of Evidence into Practice in Correctional Settings

Issues and Trends in Correctional Nursing

Workforce Recruitment and Retention

Call for National Specialty Organization of Correctional Nurses

New Technologies

Restrictive Housing

Collaboration and Entrepreneurship

Research and Dissemination of Knowledge

Muse’s Proposed Framework for Correctional Nursing

Summary

Standards of Correctional Nursing Practice

Standard 1. Assessment

Standard 2. Diagnosis

Standard 3. Outcomes Identification

Standard 4. Planning

Standard 5. Implementation

Standard 5A. Coordination of Care

Standard 5B. Health Teaching and Health Promotion

Standard 6. Evaluation

Standards of Professional Performance for Correctional Nursing

Standard 7. Ethics

Standard 8. Culturally Congruent Practice

Standard 9. Communication

Standard 10. Collaboration

Standard 11. Leadership

Standard 12. Education

Standard 13. Evidence-Based Practice and Research

Standard 14. Quality of Practice

Standard 15. Professional Practice Evaluation

Standard 16. Resource Utilization

Standard 17. Environmental Health

Glossary

References

Appendix. Muse’s Proposed Framework for Correctional Nursing

Framework Components

Quality-Centered Patient (Person) Care

Contributions to Patient Care

Justice-Involved Populations/Correctional Setting

Contributions to the Profession

Contributions to Society

Index

Contributors

Correctional Nursing Scope and Standards Work Group

Mary V. Muse, MS, RN, CCHP-A, CCHP-RN; Co-Chair

Deborah A. Shelton, PhD, RN, NE-BC, CCHP, FAAN; Co-Chair

Brenda J. Baker, PhD, RNC, CNS

Patricia Blair, PhD, LLM, JD, MSN, CCHP

Regina D. Bradley, MHA, BSN, RN, CCHP

Jennifer L. Brush, BSN, RN

Clarion Campbell, MSN, RN

Alison M. Colbert, PhD, PHCNS-BC, FAAN

Ruby M. Gideon, MSN, RN

Lorie S. Goshin, PhD, RN

Jeremie D. Gregory, MSN, FNP-C

Ruth O. Ifediora, MSN-ED, RN, CCHP-RN

Catherine M. Knox, MN, RN, CCHP-RN

Susan Loeb, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN

Denise R. Rahaman, BSN, MBA, CCHP-RN, CCHP-A, NEA-BC

Kaitlin Loadholt, BSN, RN

Karen Rea, MSN, RN, FNP

Louise A. Reagan, PhD, APRN, ANP-BC, FAANP

Lori E. Roscoe, PhD, DNP, APRN, ANP-C, CCHP-RN

Susan Smith, MSN, CCHP-RN

Elizabeth Betsy O. Swanson, DNP, MPH, APRN-BC

Timothy W. Thomas, MSN, RN, CCHP

Tracey L. Titus, RN, CCHP-RN, CCHP-A

Nicole Walker, MSN, RN, CCHP

Constance S. Weiskopf, PhD, APRN, PMHCNS-BC

Raneé M. Wright, MSN, RN, CCHP-RN, CCHP-MH

Linda Follenweider, MSN, APN, RN; Consultant

ANA Staff

Carol J. Bickford, PhD, RN-BC, CPHIMS, FAMIA, FHIMSS, FAAN

Erin Walpole, BA, PMP

ANA Committee on Nursing Practice Standards

Nena M. Bonuel, PhD, RN, CCRN-K, APRN-BC

Patricia Bowe, DNP, MS, RN

Danette Culver, MSN, APRN, ACNS-BC, CCRN-K

Elizabeth O. Dietz, EdD, RN, CS-NP, Alternate

Kirk Koyama, MSN, RN, CNS, PHN, Co-Chair

Tonette McAndrew, MPA, RN

Stacy McNall, MSN, RN, IBCLC, PMHNP-BC

Linda Inez Perkins, MS, RN-BC, Alternate

Verna Sitzer, PhD, RN, CNS

Mona Pearl Treyball, PhD, RN, CNS, CCRN-K, FAAN

Preface

In 2018, the American Nurses Association (ANA) convened a volunteer work group of correctional nurses to review and revise the 2013 Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Second Edition. These registered nurses (RNs) and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) held various positions in federal, state, and local adult and juvenile correctional and detention facilities, as well as academic institutions, professional organizations, and healthcare facilities. They contributed diverse perspectives in all discussions.

The work group used telephone conference calls and electronic mail communications to complete its work. ANA’s 2015 Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements and 2015 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Third Edition, served as additional foundational resources. The draft scope and standards document was posted on the Nursing World website at http://NursingWorld.org for a thirty-day public comment period in September 2019. The work group reviewed each submitted comment and further revised the document as necessary.

The ANA Committee on Nursing Practice Standards completed its review of the draft Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Third Edition, using established review criteria. Recommended revisions were completed before ANA’s Board of Directors conducted a final review and approved this nursing specialty scope of practice statement and acknowledged the revised scope and standard of correctional nursing practice in December 2019.

Previous Edition

If you require access to the previous edition of the Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, please contact ANA via NursingWorld.org or email [e-mail].

Audience for This Publication

The primary audience for Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Third Edition, is the registered nurse (RN) and advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) working in this specialty practice area or contemplating movement into this practice environment. The scope and standards address the expectations for all professional correctional nurses in every clinical and functional role in the correctional health arena. Facility administrators, academicians, other healthcare colleagues, and correctional staff will find the scope and standards a valuable reference. Others who may value this beneficial resource include legislators, regulatory bodies, legal counsel, consultants, nursing students, families, and patients. Correctional Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, Third Edition, provides a resource for a better understanding of the expectations for a correctional nurse and how a correctional nurse leads in the healthcare community.

Scope of Correctional Nursing Practice

Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations (ANA 2015b, 1). Nursing is both a science and an art, the essence of which is caring for and respecting human beings, including those who are detained or incarcerated and those who are under legal supervision in the community.

Definitions

Correctional nursing is the delivery of evidence-based nursing to protect, promote, and optimize health and abilities; prevent illness and injury; facilitate healing; alleviate suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response with care and respect; and advocate for individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations under the jurisdiction of the justice system.